Increased Mortality Among Patients Admitted With Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Register-Based Study Comparing Mortality in Unipolar Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Affective Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Schizophrenia
Abstract
CONTEXT: Persons suffering from severe mental disorder have an excess mortality compared to persons with no mental disorder. However, the magnitude of the excess mortality differs from one mental disorder to another, and the impact on mortality if a first-degree family member suffers from a mental disorder has never been examined in a population-based study. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine and compare mortality rates after admission with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, unipolar depressive disorder, or bipolar affective disorder and to examine the impact of family history of psychiatric admission on mortality. METHOD: We established a register-based cohort study of 5.5 million persons born in Denmark who were alive on or born after January 1, 1973 and alive on their 15th birthday. Mortality rate ratios were estimated by survival analysis, using Poisson regression. RESULTS: Unipolar depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and schizoaffective disorder were associated with the same pattern of excess mortality. Schizophrenia had a lower mortality from unnatural causes of death and a higher mortality from natural causes compared to the 3 other disorders. Family history of psychiatric admission was associated with excess mortality. CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from the 4 disorders all had an excess mortality, but the pattern of excess mortality was not the same. There was an excess mortality associated with mental disorder in a first-degree family member, but this only explained a small part of the general excess mortality associated with the 4 mental disorders examined.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
SMR for cancer in schizophrenia was only 1.37.
“Notably, the SMR for cancer was only 1.37, which has also been observed in other studies (Laursen et al. 2007;Mortensen & Juel 1990, 1993).”
From Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. (2014) · cites this paper as Laursen et al. 2007
Patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia seem to be a particular vulnerable patient group.
“Patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia seem to be a particular vulnerable patient group [6].”
From Life expectancy and death by diseases of the circulatory system in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in the Nordic countries. (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
Today, respiratory diseases are still more prevalent in people with SMI.
“Today, respiratory diseases are still more prevalent in people with SMI (8,(410)(411)(412)(413)(414)(415)(416)(417).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [8]
In the population of bipolar spectrum disorders, deaths from cancer are not higher or only slightly elevated compared with the general population, despite the higher number of risk factors for cancer in this population.
“In the population of bipolar spectrum disorders, deaths from cancer are not higher (8,288,416,417,454-456) or only slightly elevated (417,418,456) compared with the general population, despite the higher number of risk factors for cancer (such as obesity) in this population.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [8]
The excess mortality among patients with mental disorders is not solely explained by increased risk of suicide and other external causes of death; it is also due to diseases and medical conditions.
“The excess mortality is not solely explained by increased risk of suicide and other external causes of death; it is also due to diseases and medical conditions.”
From Excess mortality, causes of death and life expectancy in 270,770 patients with recent onset of mental disorders in Denmark, Finland and Sweden (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
A recent Danish study found that mortality from cardiovascular disease, malignant neoplasms, respiratory diseases and endocrine and metabolic conditions was more than twofold higher for both men and women with schizophrenia and affective disorders compared to the general population.
“A recent Danish study confirms that mortality from cardiovascular disease, malignant neoplasms, respiratory diseases and endocrine and metabolic conditions was more than twofold higher for both men and women with schizophrenia and affective disorders compared to the general population. [6].”
From Excess mortality, causes of death and life expectancy in 270,770 patients with recent onset of mental disorders in Denmark, Finland and Sweden (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
DE HERT, M., CORRELL, C. U., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., COHEN, D., ASAI, I., DETRAUX, J., GAUTAM, S., MÖLLER, H., NDETEI, D. M., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x · Cited by 2,488 · see citing works
“deaths from cancer are not higher (8,288,416,417,454-456) or only slightly elevated (417,418,456) compared with the”
BackgroundSchizophrenia: A Concise Overview of Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality
McGrath, J., Saha, S., Chant, D., & Welham, J. (2008) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn001 · Cited by 2,280 · see citing works
“It should also be noted that several important studies related to incidence (75), prevalence (54), and mortality (76) have appeared since our reviews were published.”
BackgroundExcess early mortality in schizophrenia.
Laursen, T. M., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153657 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Self-citationReview: Suicide and schizophrenia: a systematic review of rates and risk factors
Hor, K., & Taylor, M. (2010) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/1359786810385490 · Cited by 853 · see citing works
Nordentoft, M., Wahlbeck, K., Hällgren, J., Westman, J., Ösby, U., Alinaghizadeh, H., Gissler, M., & Laursen, T. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055176 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Self-citationComorbidities and Mortality in Bipolar Disorder: A Swedish National Cohort Study
Crump, C., Sundquist, K., Winkleby, M. A., & Sundquist, J. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1394 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Outcomes of Nordic mental health systems: life expectancy of patients with mental disorders
Wahlbeck, K., Westman, J., Nordentoft, M., Gissler, M., & Laursen, T. M. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085100 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Self-citationComorbidities and mortality in persons with schizophrenia: a Swedish national cohort study
Crump, C., Winkleby, M. A., Sundquist, K., & Sundquist, J. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12050599 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Barnes, T. R. E., Drake, R., Paton, C., Cooper, S. J., Deakin, J. F. W., Ferrier, I. N., Gregory, C. J., Haddad, P. M., Howes, O. D., Jones, I. R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119889296 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia
Laursen, T. M., Munk-Olsen, T., & Vestergaard, M. (2012) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32835035ca · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Self-citationLife expectancy among persons with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder
Laursen, T. M. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.06.008 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Burden of Mental Disorders
Eaton, W. W., Martins, S. S., Nestadt, G., Bienvenu, O. J., Clarke, D. E., & Alexandre, P. K. (2008) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn011 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Interventions to reduce discrimination and stigma: the state of the art
Gronholm, P. C., Henderson, C., Deb, T., & Thornicroft, G. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1341-9 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
“As expected for such a multifaceted phenomenon, the impacts of experienced and anticipated discrimination in combination are severe: poor access to mental [2, 3], and physical healthcare [4]; reduced life expectancy [5, 6]; exclusion from higher education [7, 8] and employment [9]; increased risk of contact with crimi…”
Correll, C. U., Robinson, D. G., Schooler, N. R., Brunette, M. F., Mueser, K. T., Rosenheck, R. A., Marcy, P., Addington, J., Estroff, S. E., Robinson, J., et al. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1314 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
“Patients and Treatment The following were inclusion criteria for the patients: (1) being aged 15 to 40 years (1 patient was aged 51 years; a protocol exception was filed); (2) being diagnosed as having schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, or br…”
BackgroundCancer-Related Mortality in People With Mental Illness
Kisely, S. R., Crowe, E., & Lawrence, D. M. (2012) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.278 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
“expected to facilitate treatment access.(1,6,8,9,13) Chronic physical disorders such”
BackgroundLaursen, T. M., Wahlbeck, K., Hällgren, J., Westman, J., Ösby, U., Alinaghizadeh, H., Gissler, M., & Nordentoft, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067133 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychiatric Diagnoses and Risk of Suicide in Veterans
Ilgen, M. A., Bohnert, A. S. B., Ignacio, R. V., McCarthy, J. F., Valenstein, M. M., Kim, H. M., & Blow, F. C. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.129 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Premature Mortality From General Medical Illnesses Among Persons With Bipolar Disorder: A Review
Roshanaei-Moghaddam, B., & Katon, W. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.2.147 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Shefer, G., Henderson, C., Howard, L. M., Murray, J., & Thornicroft, G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111682 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Laursen, T. M., Munk-Olsen, T., Agerbo, E., Gasse, C., & Mortensen, P. B. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.61 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationMachado, M., Veronese, N., Sanches, M., Stubbs, B., Koyanagi, A., Thompson, T., Tzoulaki, I., Solmi, M., Vancampfort, D., Schuch, F., et al. (2018) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1101-z · Cited by 209 · see citing works
“Moreover, we do not question the association between depression and suicide where the evidence is unquestionable [18, 91, 92].”
BackgroundThe epidemiology of excess mortality in people with mental illness
Lawrence, D., Kisely, S., & Pais, J. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005501202 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
“The age distribution of a cohort is also relevant, as unnatural deaths are highest in younger age groups.(6)”
BackgroundDepression and frailty in later life: a synthetic review
Mezuk, B., Edwards, L., Lohman, M., Choi, M., & Lapane, K. (2012) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2807 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
“Depression in later life is predictive of many of the same kinds of outcomes as frailty, including cognitive impairment (Andersen et al., 2005), disability (Bruce, 2001), fracture (Whooley et al., 1999), and mortality (Rovner et al., 1991; Laursen et al., 2007).”
BackgroundCallaghan, R. C., Veldhuizen, S., Jeysingh, T., Orlan, C., Graham, C., Kakouris, G., Remington, G., & Gatley, J. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.09.014 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Smıth, D. J., Langan, J., McLean, G., Guthrie, B., & Mercer, S. W. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002808 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Mortality and life expectancy in persons with severe unipolar depression
Laursen, T. M., Musliner, K. L., Benros, M. E., Vestergaard, M., & Munk‐Olsen, T. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.067 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationTabarés-Seisdedos, R., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.2 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Laursen, T. M., Munk‐Olsen, T., & Gasse, C. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024597 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“Moreover, excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorder is larger among younger persons [4], and thus particularly relevant from a clinical point of view with regard to prevention.”
BackgroundSelf-citationHjorthøj, C. R., Østergaard, M. L. D., Benros, M. E., Toftdahl, N. G., Erlangsen, A., Andersen, J. T., & Nordentoft, M. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00207-2 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationHert, M. A. F. D., Vancampfort, D., Correll, C. U., Mercken, V., Peuskens, J., Sweers, K., van Winkel, R., & Mitchell, A. J. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084665 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Toftdahl, N. G., Nordentoft, M., & Hjorthøj, C. R. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1104-4 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
“The literature supports that SUDs and psychiatric disorders both independently, and when co-occurring, increase the risk of dying due to unnatural causes [14, 15, 17, 52].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLife expectancy in bipolar disorder
Kessing, L. V., Vradi, E., & Andersen, P. K. (2015) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12296 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Nielsen, S. F., Hjorthøj, C. R., Erlangsen, A., & Nordentoft, M. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60747-2 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationRamasubbu, R., Taylor, V. H., Samaan, Z., Sockalingham, S., Li, M., Patten, S., Rodin, G., Schaffer, A., Beaulieu, S., & McIntyre, R. S. (2012) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012371202400110 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“5 6-9 These recommendations are not without controversy, however, in part because of equivocal outcomes in interventional studies.”
Cardiovascular mortality in bipolar disorder: a population-based cohort study in Sweden
Westman, J., Hällgren, J., Wahlbeck, K., Erlinge, D., Alfredsson, L., & Ösby, U. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002373 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Bipolar Disorder
Weiner, M., Warren, L. L., & Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2011) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012371102300107 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“When considering the aggregate data, mindful of these limitations, an association between bipolar disorder and cardiovascular mortality is likely, particularly after weighting the larger, contemporary studies of Laursen et al 21 and Osby et al. 22 Despite data supporting an association between bipolar disorder and car…”
Causes of decreased life expectancy over the life span in bipolar disorder
Kessing, L. V., Vradi, E., McIntyre, R. S., & Andersen, P. K. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.027 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Capasso, R., Lineberry, T. W., Bostwick, J. M., Decker, P. A., & Sauver, J. L. S. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.10.005 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“A 2007 registry-based Danish study found differences between mortality in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (Laursen et al., 2007) wherein those diagnosed with schizophrenia were more likely to die of natural causes than unnatural causes.”
BackgroundThe Epidemiologic Evidence Linking Autoimmune Diseases and Psychosis
Benros, M. E., Eaton, W. W., & Mortensen, P. B. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.023 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationValidity of the diagnosis of a single depressive episode in a case register
Bock, C., Bukh, J. D., Vinberg, M., Gether, U., & Kessing, L. V. (2009) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1745-0179-5-4 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Review: Mortality in schizophrenia: a measurable clinical endpoint
Bushe, C. J., Taylor, M., & Haukka, J. (2010) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/1359786810382468 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
“For example, the Laursen et al. study included 3942 schizophrenia deaths (Laursen et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKilbourne, A. M., Morden, N. E., Austin, K., Ilgen, M. A., McCarthy, J. F., Dalack, G. W., & Blow, F. C. (2009) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.07.008 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“Several studies have reported an increased risk of HD-related mortality among those with schizophrenia, but relatively few studies have compared mortality risk across other mental disorder diagnoses [17,31,32].”
BackgroundMethodResultPratt, L. A., Druss, B. G., Manderscheid, R. W., & Walker, E. R. (2015) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.12.003 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome with the atypical antipsychotics
Pramyothin, P., & Khaodhiar, L. (2010) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32833de61c · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Erlangsen, A., Andersen, P. K., Toender, A., Laursen, T. M., Nordentoft, M., & Canudas-Romo, V. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30429-7 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationManic/Hypomanic Symptom Burden and Cardiovascular Mortality in Bipolar Disorder
Fiedorowicz, J. G., Solomon, D. A., Endicott, J., Leon, A. C., Li, C., Rice, J. P., & Coryell, W. H. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181acee26 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“6) Female (%) 154 (53) 96 (65) Inpatient (%) 261 (91) 98 (67) Lowest Global Assessment Scale 31 (31; 11) 36 (35; 10) Marital status (%) Married 92 (32) 56 (38) Divorced/separated 61 (21) 38 (26) Single 127 (44) 51 (35) Widowed 8 (3) 2 (1) Educational level Without diploma 30 (10) 23 (16) High school graduate 73 (25) 4…”
MethodLong-term Risk of Dementia in Persons With Schizophrenia
Ribe, A. R., Laursen, T. M., Charles, M., Katon, W. J., Fenger‐Grøn, M., Davydow, D. S., Chwastiak, L., Cerimele, J. M., & Vestergaard, M. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1546 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationMortality in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses: A 10-Year Follow-up of the ӔSOP First-Episode Cohort
Reininghaus, U., Dutta, R., Dazzan, P., Doody, G. A., Fearon, P., Lappin, J., Heslin, M., Onyejiaka, A., Donoghue, K., Lomas, B., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu138 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“In contrast to Neeleman’s 37 meta-analysis, but echoing more recent studies, 38,39 we found no difference in all, natural, and unnatural-cause mortality between nonaffective and affective psychoses.”
ResultComorbidity between neurological illness and psychiatric disorders
Hesdorffer, D. C. (2016) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852915000929 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Associations between sedentary behaviour and metabolic parameters in patients with schizophrenia
Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Knapen, J., Carraro, A., & De Hert, M. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.046 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“, 2010a,b), illness related factors (Laursen et al., 2007), effects of antipsychotic treatment (De Hert et al.”
BackgroundTobacco-Related Mortality among Persons with Mental Health and Substance Abuse Problems
Bandiera, F. C., Anteneh, B., Le, T. L., Delucchi, K., & Guydish, J. R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120581 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“[20–26] Colton and Manderscheid [27] conducted a study in 8 states in the U.”
MethodSchizophrenia and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of thirteen cohort studies.
Fan, Z.-X., Wu, Y., Shen, J., Ji, T., & Zhan, R. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.07.011 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“Patients with schizophrenia are at two to three times higher risk of mortality than the general population (Laursen et al., 2007; Osby et al., 2000; Saha et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSchendel, D., Overgaard, M. T., Christensen, J., Hjort, L., Jørgensen, M., Vestergaard, M., & Parner, E. T. (2016) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3935 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Areas of uncertainties and unmet needs in bipolar disorders: clinical and research perspectives
Bauer, M., Andreassen, O. A., Geddes, J. R., Kessing, L. V., Lewitzka, U., Schulze, T. G., & Vieta, E. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30253-0 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
A cohort study on mental disorders, stage of cancer at diagnosis and subsequent survival
Chang, C., Hayes, R. D., Broadbent, M. T. M., Hotopf, M. H., Davies, E., Møller, H., & Stewart, R. J. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004295 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“profile of causes of death among people with SMI is not substantially different from that in general population, although some specific patterns of death have been suggested, differing by sex, age group and mental disorder diagnosis.(3) 5–7 9–13 In recent decades, cardiovascular disease, stroke, respiratory diseases,…”
BackgroundLaursen, T. M., Plana‐Ripoll, O., Andersen, P. K., McGrath, J. J., Toender, A., Nordentoft, M., Canudas‐Romo, V., & Erlangsen, A. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.003 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationKrogh, J., Videbech, P., Thomsen, C. E., Gluud, C. N., & Nordentoft, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048316 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationVancampfort, D., De Hert, M., Skjerven, L. H., Gyllensten, A. L., Parker, A., Mulders, N., Nyboe, L., Spencer, F., & Probst, M. (2012) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.587090 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“The association of schizophrenia with cardio-metabolic risk factors is a complex interplay between environmental (physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, substance abuse) [8–10], genetic [11] and illness related factors [12], as well as effects of antipsychotic treatment [13,14].”
BackgroundReproductive patterns in psychotic patients
Laursen, T. M., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.05.018 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationBiazus, T. B., Beraldi, G. H., Tokeshi, L., Rotenberg, L. D. S., Dragioti, E., Carvalho, A. F., Solmi, M., & Lafer, B. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02109-9 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
All-cause mortality in women with severe postpartum psychiatric disorders
Johannsen, B. M. W., Larsen, J. T., Laursen, T. M., Bergink, V., Meltzer-Brody, S., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121510 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Thus, the group of childless women with psychiatric diagnoses in our cohort likely comprises the most severely mentally ill patients, who also represent the group with the worst overall prognosis (32, 33).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenome-wide association study implicates NDST3 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Lencz, T., Guha, S., Liu, C., Rosenfeld, J., Mukherjee, S., DeRosse, P., John, M., Cheng, L., Zhang, C., Badner, J. A., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3739 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Goldstein, B. I., Baune, B. T., Bond, D. J., Chen, P., Eyler, L. T., Fagiolini, A. M., Gomes, F. A., Hájek, T., Hatch, J. K., McElroy, S. L., et al. (2020) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12921 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Mitchell, A. J., & Lawrence, D. M. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.076950 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Contributions of specific causes of death to lost life expectancy in severe mental illness
Jayatilleke, N., Hayes, R. D., Dutta, R., Shetty, H., Hotopf, M., Chang, C.-K., & Stewart, R. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.487 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder, experience particularly higher all-cause mortality and lower life expectancy [2,3].”
Khan, A., Faucett, J., Morrison, S., & Brown, W. A. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.149 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Placebo arms 313 (15-92) 1172 (29-209) 131 (6-282) 468 (23-111) 99 (39-60)”
Binder, M. D., Correll, C. U., & Cohen, D. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.029 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“Previous studies have shown that the most critical period for suicide is early after the onset of the disorder (De Hert et al., 2001; Heilä et al., 2005; Laursen et al., 2007; Palmer et al., 2005; Tidemalm et al., 2008).”
Depression and cardiovascular disease: an update on how course of illness may influence risk
Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2014) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0492-6 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“6, meaning they were 60 % more likely to die of cardiovascular diseases than the rest of the Danish population [5].”
BackgroundComorbidity Profile and Healthcare Utilization in Elderly Patients with Serious Mental Illnesses
Hendrie, H. C., Lindgren, D., Hay, D. P., Lane, K. A., Gao, S., Purnell, C. E., Munger, S., Smith, F. E., Dickens, J., Boustani, M. A., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.056 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the GAZEL study
Ferrie, J. E., Vahtera, J., Kivimäki, M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2008.074369 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Fiedorowicz, J. G., He, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.07.010 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“With respect to mood disorder subtypes, most [1,2,7] but not all [3] studies that examined polarity demonstrated a greater risk for bipolar disorder when compared with unipolar depression, with a particularly stronger association in women [1,8].”
ResultHenderson, C., Robinson, E. J., Evans-Lacko, S. E., Corker, E., Rebollo‐Mesa, I., Rose, D. S., & Thornicroft, G. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12607 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Laursen, T. M., & Nordentoft, M. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.027 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationCancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhuo, C., Tao, R., Jiang, R., Lin, X., & Shao, M. (2017) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.195776 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Excess mortality in severe mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-regression
Ali, S., Santomauro, D. F., Ferrari, A. J., & Charlson, F. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.036 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Suicide Risk in Medicare Patients With Schizophrenia Across the Life Span
Olfson, M., Stroup, T. S., Huang, C., Wall, M. M., Crystal, S., & Gerhard, T. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0841 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Iglay, K., Santorelli, M. L., Hirshfield, K. M., Williams, J. M., Rhoads, G. G., Lin, Y., & Demissie, K. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2017.73.4947 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Changes in newspaper coverage of mental illness from 2008 to 2014 in England
Rhydderch, D., Krooupa, A. ‐., Shefer, G., Goulden, R., Williams, P., Thornicroft, A., Rose, D., Thornicroft, G., & Henderson, C. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12606 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness have substantial public health impact in England, maintaining inequalities (1) including poor access to mental and physical health care (2), reduced life expectancy (3, 4), exclusion from higher education (5, 6), employment (7), increased risk of contact wit…”
BackgroundMental Disorders Across the Adult Life Course and Future Coronary Heart Disease
Galé, C. R., Batty, G. D., Osborn, D., Tynelius, P., & Rasmussen, F. E. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.002065 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Very Mild to Severe Dementia and Mortality: A 14-Year Follow-Up – The Odense Study
Andersen, K., Lolk, A., Martinussen, T., & Kragh-Sørensen, P. (2010) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000265553 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Scheewe, T. W., Knapen, J., Herdt, A. D., & Hert, M. A. F. D. (2012) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01825.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“The association of schizophrenia with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is a complex interplay between environmental (physical activity, diet, substance use) (7–10), genetic (11) and illness-related factors, such as specific symptoms (12), as well as treatment effects (13, 14).”
BackgroundPharmacotherapy of Mood Disorders
Thase, M. E., & Denko, T. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095301 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hansen, P. S., Laursen, M. F., Grøntved, S., Straszek, S. P. V., Licht, R. W., & Nielsen, R. E. (2018) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12684 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Laursen, T. M., Mortensen, P. B., MacCabe, J. H., Cohen, D., & Gasse, C. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171300216x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“1National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 2Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK 3Department of Severe Mental Illness, Mental Health Organization North-Holland North, The Netherlands Background.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHealth Care for Patients with Serious Mental Illness: Family Medicine's Role
Morden, N. E., Mistler, L. A., Weeks, W. B., & Bartels, S. J. (2009) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.02.080059 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kiviniemi, M., Suvisaari, J., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Häkkinen, U., Isohanni, M. K., & Hakko, H. H. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.043 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“, 2011), and symptoms of depression increase mortality even further (Laursen et al., 2007).”
Toffol, E., Hätönen, T., Tanskanen, A. J., Lönnqvist, J. K., Wahlbeck, K., Joffe, G., Tiihonen, J., Haukka, J. K., & Partonen, T. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.055 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“In addition to increased suicide mortality and attempted suicide rates, the all-cause mortality is also increased in BPD (Carlborg et al., 2014; Laursen et al., 2007; Laursen et al., 2013; Ösby et al., 2001).”
BackgroundYang, L., Zhao, M., Magnussen, C. G., Veeranki, S. P., & Xi, B. (2020) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2019-213144 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Cardiovascular diseases among patients with schizophrenia
Azad, M. C., Shoesmith, W. D., Mamun, M. A., Abdullah, A. F., Naing, D. K. S., Phanindranath, M., & Turin, T. C. (2015) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2015.11.012 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Mania and mortality: Why the excess cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder?
Murray, D. P., Weiner, M., Prabhakar, M., & Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2009) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0072-3 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Ribe, A. R., Laursen, T. M., Sandbæk, A., Charles, M., Nordentoft, M., & Vestergaard, M. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000634 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“…rate ratios (MRRs) are high for almost all causes (Laursen et al. 2007; Osborn et al. 2007; Wahlbeck et al. 2011), especially for suicide (Laursen et al. 2007; Nordentoft et al. 2011), but most of the excess mortality is explained by physical disorders (Laursen et al. 2007; Hoang et al. 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationTidemalm, D., Waern, M., Stefansson, C.-G., Elofsson, S., & Runeson, B. (2008) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1745-0179-4-23 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Enhanced cancer risk among patients with bipolar disorder
Barchana, M., Levav, I., Lipshitz, I., Pugachova, I., Kohn, R., Weizman, A., & Grinshpoon, A. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.09.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“, diet, smoking, and medications (Carney et al., 2004; Carney and Jones, 2006; Craddock et al., 2006; Krishnan, 2005; Laursen et al., 2007; Lawrence et al., 2000; Osborn et al., 2007; Owen et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAssociation of Oxidative Stress–Induced Nucleic Acid Damage With Psychiatric Disorders in Adults
Jørgensen, A., Baago, I. B., Rygner, Z., Jørgensen, M. B., Andersen, P. K., Kessing, L. V., & Poulsen, H. E. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2066 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Sweers, K., Maurissen, K., Knapen, J., & Binder, M. D. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.027 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“…abuse) (Hennekens et al., 2005; Bobes et al., 2010; Vancampfort et al., 2010), genetic (Mulder et al., 2009; Risselada et al., 2010) and illness related factors (Laursen et al., 2007), as well as effects of antipsychotic treatment (Newcomer, 2005; Scheen and De Hert, 2007; De Hert et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMortality rates of males who commit parricide or other violent offense against a parent.
Liettu, A., Mikkola, L., Säävälä, H., Räsänen, P. K., Joukamaa, M. I., & Hakko, H. H. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hendrie, H. C., Tu, W., Tabbey, R., Purnell, C. E., Ambuehl, R. J., & Callahan, C. M. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.025 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Pattern of Mortality in a Sample of Maryland Residents with Severe Mental Illness
Daumit, G., Anthony, C. B., Ford, D., Fahey, M., Skinner, E., Lehman, A., Hwang, W., & Steinwachs, D. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.01.006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Persons with chronic mental illness have higher overall mortality rates than the general population, with increased risk for suicide and other accidental deaths (Dembling et al., 1999; Brown et al., 2000; Laursen et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMortality and Its Determinants in People With Psychotic Disorder
Suvisaari, J., Partti, K., Perälä, J., Viertiö, S., Saarni, S. E., Lönnqvist, J. K., Saarni, S. I., & Härkänen, T. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31827ad512 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Previous studies have reported elevated mortality in schizoaffective disorder (3,40), whereas ONAP have been studied much less.”
BackgroundResultConner, K. R., Bohnert, A. M., McCarthy, J. F., Valenstein, M. M., Bossarte, R. M., Ignacio, R. V., Lu, N., & Ilgen, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030163 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
- Authors
- Laursen, T. M., Munk-Olsen, T., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Bispebjerg Hospital (DK)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2007-06-15
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 899-907
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006100396
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 26.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden (R5-2006-227)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- excess mortality, severe mental illness, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first-degree relatives, causes of death, mortality rate ratio
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bipolar Disorder, Cause of Death, Denmark, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Psychotic Disorders, Registries, Schizophrenia, Cohort Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
