Cited by 422Nuts composition and effectsNutritional Studies and DietLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

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Nut Consumption and Blood Lipid Levels: A Pooled Analysis of 25 Intervention Trials

Sabaté, Joan·2010·Archives of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.79

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have consistently associated nut consumption with reduced risk for coronary heart disease. Subsequently, many dietary intervention trials investigated the effects of nut consumption on blood lipid levels. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of nut consumption on blood lipid levels and to examine whether different factors modify the effects. METHODS: We pooled individual primary data from 25 nut consumption trials conducted in 7 countries among 583 men and women with normolipidemia and hypercholesterolemia who were not taking lipid-lowering medications. In a pooled analysis, we used mixed linear models to assess the effects of nut consumption and the potential interactions. RESULTS: With a mean daily consumption of 67 g of nuts, the following estimated mean reductions were achieved: total cholesterol concentration (10.9 mg/dL [5.1% change]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (LDL-C) (10.2 mg/dL [7.4% change]), ratio of LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (HDL-C) (0.22 [8.3% change]), and ratio of total cholesterol concentration to HDL-C (0.24 [5.6% change]) (P < .001 for all) (to convert all cholesterol concentrations to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259). Triglyceride levels were reduced by 20.6 mg/dL (10.2%) in subjects with blood triglyceride levels of at least 150 mg/dL (P < .05) but not in those with lower levels (to convert triglyceride level to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0113). The effects of nut consumption were dose related, and different types of nuts had similar effects on blood lipid levels. The effects of nut consumption were significantly modified by LDL-C, body mass index, and diet type: the lipid-lowering effects of nut consumption were greatest among subjects with high baseline LDL-C and with low body mass index and among those consuming Western diets. CONCLUSION: Nut consumption improves blood lipid levels in a dose-related manner, particularly among subjects with higher LDL-C or with lower BMI.

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Background
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“At the same time, they contain satisfactory levels of vitamin C and E (Dominguez-Avila et al., 2015; Sabaté et al., 2010; Serrano et al., 2007).”
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“Este porcentaje es bajo si se tienen en cuenta las propiedades indiscutibles de estos alimentos, que se demostraron en el estudio PREDIMED (20); según este estudio, el consumo habitual de una ración disminuye un 30 % el riesgo de infarto de miocardio o cerebrovascular; además, disminuye el LDL-c y eleva el HDL-c (27),…”
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“For instance, a review of clinical trials found that nut consumption significantly reduced cholesterol concertation by 10·9 and TAG levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (38) .”
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Influential
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“Nut consumption also lowered TG levels in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (Sabate et al., 2010).”
Background
Nut Consumption Is Associated with a Healthy Dietary Pattern in Military Men
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“[1], and based only on human intervention studies, the effects of nuts on blood lipids were dose related and the lipid-lowering effects were greatest among subjects with high baseline LDL-cholesterol.”
BackgroundInfluential
Factors Associated with High Cholesterol levels in Lusaka, Zambia: A Community-Based Study
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“In addition, numerous randomized, controlled human intervention trials have shown that nut consumption reduced blood levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol [18-24].”
Background
Diety roślinne w kontekście chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego
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A Case Report of Hypertriglyceridemia-Associated Acute Pancreatitis Following Use of Brazil Nut Weight-Loss Supplement
Ruden, S. V., Slusarenko, N., & Webster, D. W. (2022) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/08971900211015040 · Cited by 2
“However, other studies have failed to find an association, particularly among patients with baseline normotriglyceridemia.(7,9-12) Many of these studies have included variable nut types including almonds, walnuts, cashews, pistachios in addition to unspecified mixed nuts.”
Background
Expression of concern on Gunathilake et al., “Effects of nut consumption on blood lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials”
Nishi, S. K., Ros, E., Sabaté, J., & Salas‐Salvadó, J. (2022) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2022.11.011 · Cited by 1
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Cholesterol
Mathias, D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65961-8_17 · Cited by 1
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“They have also been shown to exert favourable effects on blood cholesterol levels (Kris-Etherton, 2001; Sabaté et al, 2010). consume wholegrain foods Regular consumption of wholegrains (three servings a day) such as wholewheat pasta, wholemeal bread, popcorn and rye crisp breads should be…”
Background
Quel est l’effet de la consommation des oléagineux sur la mortalité ?
Hansel, B. (2014) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(14)70767-9
Research and development roundup: May 2010
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Ernährungsmärchen Teil 12:
Meidlinger, B., & Kiefer, I. (2011) · Sport- und Präventivmedizin · doi:10.1007/s12534-011-0215-2
Nuts for diabetes prevention and management
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“A pooled analysis of 25 intervention studies((25))”
Re. “Nut consumption and 5-y all-cause mortality in a Mediterranean cohort: The SUN project”: Authors' response
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Adding Nuts to Your Diet Lowers Lipids
Moloo, J. (2010) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/jw201006080000008
Nøtter gir gunstigere lipidprofil
Brean, A. (2010) · Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening · doi:10.4045/tidsskr.10.1008
Going Nuts for Heart Health
Coleman, E. (2011) · Clinical Nutrition INSIGHT · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000397998.13743.ed
Cancer Chemoprevention w ith Nuts
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(2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199674039.003.0011
tWo toP tiPs in Family Practice
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Pilot Study: The Synergistic Effect of Almond Consumption and Aerobic Activity on the Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sedentary Adults
Schwab, E. (2017)
A Small Handful of Mixed Nuts
Bes‐Rastrollo, M., & Sánchez‐Tainta, A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811259-5.00005-6
Whole Plant Foods and Coronary Heart Disease
Dreher, M. L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59180-3_12
Consumption pattern of nuts-the noble antioxidants sources
Avinash, P., & Mittal, K. (2017) · ASIAN JOURNAL OF HOME SCIENCE · doi:10.15740/has/ajhs/12.2/545-551
Effect of Juglan Regiaon Patients Having Metabolic Syndrome: A Controlled Feeding Trial
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“Similar results obtained in studies of this research [10].”
Result
Sensitive response to ingestion of lipids in dyspepsia
Pop, L. L., & Muresan, I. A. P. (2018) · Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases · doi:10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.273.dyp
“The sensory input is modulated by various mechanisms at different levels of the gut-brain axis [3].”
Background
Effect of Reduced Neurogenesis on Microglial Activation
Smith, A. (2020)
Nut Consumption and Noncommunicable Diseases
Martini, D., Godos, J., Bresciani, L., & Grosso, G. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818553-7.00031-0
Vegetable and Nut Food Groups are Inversely Associated with Hearing Loss- a Cross-sectional Study from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Lee, S., & Lee, J.-Y. (2020) · 대한지역사회영양학회지 · doi:10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.6.512
“Nuts, such as peanuts and chestnuts, are known to contain monounsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid [27], selenium, zinc, and vitamin E, which are demonstrated to be antioxidants [28], that protect the auditory nerves [29], have beneficial effects on the blood vessels in the cochlea [30], and help reduce inflammatio…”
Background
Heart healthy diet: A modifiable tool for cardiovascular disease prevention
Hritani, R. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100287
Ostre zespoły wieńcowe - czy można zmniejszyć częstość ich występowania w Polsce?
Maciejewski, J., & Sinkiewicz, W. (2010) · Studia i Materiały Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Zarządzania Wiedzą
Low-Carb/High-Fat/Fried-Food Diet: The Surprising Effects in Triglycerides, Lipid Profile, and Glycemia in a Patient with a Metabolic Syndrome
Bionutrizione Organica – Nutrizione dello Sport, I., & Baldini, C. (2021) · Series of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.54178/jsedmv3i2005
Nut Consumption and Health
Rehm, C. D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_132
Cholesterin
Mathias, D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64209-2_17

Authors: Sabaté, J.
Affiliations: Loma Linda University (US)
Corresponding author: Sabaté, Joan
ORCID: Sabaté, Joan
Venue: Archives of Internal Medicine
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2010-05-10
Volume: 170
Issue: 9
Pages: 821
ISSN: 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.79
OpenAlex: W2134454487
Cited by: 422
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 30.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords: nut consumption, serum lipids, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, dose-response relationship, body mass index, Western diet, dietary intervention, hypolipidemic effect
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholesterol, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Nuts, Triglycerides, Linear Models

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Nut Consumption and Blood Lipid Levels: A Pooled Analysis of 25 Intervention Trials

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