Physical Activity and Performance at School: A Systematic Review of the Literature Including a Methodological Quality Assessment
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prospective relationship between physical activity and academic performance. DATA SOURCES: Prospective studies were identified from searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, and Sportdiscus from 1990 through 2010. STUDY SELECTION: We screened the titles and abstracts for eligibility, rated the methodological quality of the studies, and extracted data. MAIN EXPOSURE: Studies had to report at least 1 physical activity or physical fitness measurement during childhood or adolescence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Studies had to report at least 1 academic performance or cognition measure during childhood or adolescence. RESULTS: We identified 10 observational and 4 intervention studies. The quality score of the studies ranged from 22% to 75%. Two studies were scored as high quality. Methodological quality scores were particularly low for the reliability and validity of the measurement instruments. Based on the results of the best-evidence synthesis, we found evidence of a significant longitudinal positive relationship between physical activity and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in physical activity is positively related to academic performance in children. Because we found only 2 high-quality studies, future high-quality studies are needed to confirm our findings. These studies should thoroughly examine the dose-response relationship between physical activity and academic performance as well as explanatory mechanisms for this relationship.
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Physical activity interventions have a positive effect on cognitive performance and academic performance in children.
“It is well-known that physical activity interventions have a positive effect on cognitive performance and academic performance in children (87, 88).”
From Does Learning Through Movement Improve Academic Performance in Primary Schoolchildren? A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [88]
The Intervention Studies section reports that three of four trials found a significant benefit for academic performance, supporting that part of the claim. It also reports no significant difference in cognitive performance after a 16-month intervention, so the asserted positive effect on cognitive performance is not supported by this review. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe consistency of scientific evidence was evaluated based on findings from studies rated high methodological quality.
“We based the evaluation of the consistency of the scientific evidence on the findings reported in studies rated as of high methodological quality.”
From Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children and adolescents: a novel combination of a systematic review and recommendations from an expert panel (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
The LEVEL OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE section says the review disregarded low-quality studies when at least two high-quality studies were available. But it also used low-quality studies to assess moderate evidence in other cases, so the claim overstates the extent to which its evaluation relied on high-quality studies alone. The supplied passages do not give page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance/academic achievement seems to be determined by mechanisms such as increased oxygen and blood flow to the brain resulting in enhanced synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.
“Overall, this relationship seems to be determined by several mechanisms, such as increased oxygen and blood flow to the brain resulting in enhanced synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis [11,12,13].”
Some studies have indicated a negative association between unhealthy lifestyle habits and decreased cognitive function and academic achievement.
“some studies have also indicated a negative association between unhealthy lifestyle habits and decreased cognitive function and academic achievement [1–4].”
From Association of lifestyle habits and academic achievement in Norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional study (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
In childhood and adolescence, a healthy diet, physical activity, and healthy weight are independently associated with immediate positive health outcomes, including improved mental health and academic performance.
“In childhood and adolescents, a healthy diet [2, 3], physical activity [4–6], and healthy weight [7] have also been found to be independently associated with immediate positive health outcomes, including improved mental health and academic performance.”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Singh, A.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Amika
- ORCID
- Singh, Amika
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2012-01-01
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151952261
- Cited by
- 604
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- physical activity, academic performance, children, adolescents, physical fitness, cognition, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Adolescent, Child, Cognition, Humans, Physical Fitness, Schools, Exercise
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