Somatic Symptoms in Primary Affective Disorder: Presence and Relationship to the Classification of Depression
Abstract
The incidence and severity of somatic symptoms were determined in 132 patients with major depressive disorder and 80 normal controls. The role of somatic symptoms was analyzed in relation to the unipolar-bipolar division, Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) subtypes, hypersomnia, and appetite increase. The data suggest that the rate and level of somatic symptoms increased with the severity of depression and age, only appetite loss differentiated unipolar from bipolar patients, and the classic somatic symptoms of depression were present in most RDC subtypes and not exclusively associated with the "endogenous" subtype. Hypersomnia or increased appetite identified two overlapping depressive subgroups; patients in both groups were young and characterized by high interpersonal sensitivity. Hypersomniac depressed patients were less anxious and agitated; patients with increased appetite were more hostile and showed a greater decrease in libido than age-matched and sex-matched patients with neither symptom.
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An estimated 50-90% of individuals with diagnosed depression complain of poor sleep quality.
“An estimated 50–90% of individuals with diagnosed depression complain of poor sleep quality (Casper et al., 1985; Hetta et al., 1985; Kupfer et al., 1969; Riemann et al., 2001).”
From The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. (2018) · cites this paper as Casper et al., 1985
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- Authors
- Casper, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Casper, Regina C.
- ORCID
- Casper, Regina C.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1985-11-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1098
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043086484
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01mh026977-10, 5u01mh026979-10)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01 MH 26977, U01 MH-26979, U01 MH26976)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- somatic symptoms, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, hypersomnia, increased appetite, appetite loss, depression severity, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, sexual desire, anxiety, agitation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Ambulatory Care, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders
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