The circadian basis of mood disorders: Recent developments and treatment implications

Monteleone, Palmiero; Maj, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.06.007

Cited by 185Circadian rhythm and melatoninTreatment of Major DepressionSleep and related disorders

The circadian basis of mood disorders: Recent developments and treatment implications

Monteleone, Palmiero, Maj, Mario·2008·European Neuropsychopharmacology

DOI 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.06.007

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Abstract

In humans, most physiological and behavioural functions demonstrate a circadian rhythmicity, which is essential to adequately cope with dramatic fluctuations occurring in the external environment. Therefore, it is intuitive that alterations in the endogenous machinery regulating circadian oscillations may lead to physical and mental symptoms and morbidities. Mood disorders, especially unipolar depression and seasonal affective disorder, have been linked to circadian rhythm abnormalities. This paper provides a brief description of the molecular and genetic mechanisms regulating the endogenous clock system and reviews selected studies describing circadian abnormalities in patients with depression. Evidence is emerging that a disruption of the normal circadian rhythmicity occurs at least in a subgroup of depressed patients and that interventions able to resynchronize the human circadian system, including sleep deprivation, light therapy and drugs specifically acting on the endogenous clock system, have proven antidepressant effects. It seems likely that, in the future, the knowledge coming from the exploration of molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in the physiology of the circadian clock system will be fruitful for a deeper understanding of the etiopathogenesis of mood disorders and the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.

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Patients with major depression have elevated nocturnal body temperature, increased cortisol, lower melatonin, and lower norepinephrine levels.
“It has been documented that patients with major depression have elevated nocturnal body temperature, increased cortisol, lower melatonin, and lower norepinephrine levels [70,71].”
From Digital Biomarkers for Depression Screening With Wearable Devices: Cross-sectional Study With Machine Learning Modeling (2021) · cites this paper as [71]

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Authors: Monteleone, P., & Maj, M.
Corresponding author: Monteleone, Palmiero
ORCID: Monteleone, Palmiero
Maj, Mario
Venue: European Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-10
Volume: 18
Issue: 10
Pages: 701-711
ISSN: 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.06.007
OpenAlex: W2046307791
Semantic Scholar: 08586440a28b1542280f64184b38a21e53b9bac3
Cited by: 185
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 1.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: circadian rhythm, mood disorders, depression, seasonal affective disorder, clock genes, circadian rhythm disruption, sleep deprivation, phototherapy, chronotherapy, antidepressant effects
MeSH terms: Animals, Biological Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Mood Disorders

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The circadian basis of mood disorders: Recent developments and treatment implications

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