Cited by 1,763Innovations in Medical EducationHealth Policy Implementation ScienceHealth Sciences Research and Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Changing Physician Performance: A Systematic Review of the Effect of Continuing Medical Education Strategies

Davis, David A.·1995·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.1995.03530090032018

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective. —To review the literature relating to the effectiveness of education strategies designed to change physician performance and health care outcomes. Data Sources. —We searched MEDLINE, ERIC, NTIS, the Research and Development Resource Base in Continuing Medical Education, and other relevant data sources from 1975 to 1994, usingcontinuing medical education(CME) and related terms as keywords. We manually searched journals and the bibliographies of other review articles and called on the opinions of recognized experts. Study Selection. —We reviewed studies that met the following criteria: randomized controlled trials of education strategies or interventions that objectively assessed physician performance and/or health care outcomes. These intervention strategies included (alone and in combination) educational materials, formal CME activities, outreach visits such as academic detailing, opinion leaders, patient-mediated strategies, audit with feedback, and reminders. Studies were selected only if more than 50% of the subjects were either practicing physicians or medical residents. Data Extraction. —We extracted the specialty of the physicians targeted by the interventions and the clinical domain and setting of the trial. We also determined the details of the educational intervention, the extent to which needs or barriers to change had been ascertained prior to the intervention, and the main outcome measure(s). Data Synthesis. —We found 99 trials, containing 160 interventions, that met our criteria. Almost two thirds of the interventions (101 of 160) displayed an improvement in at least one major outcome measure: 70% demonstrated a change in physician performance, and 48% of interventions aimed at health care outcomes produced a positive change. Effective change strategies included reminders, patient-mediated interventions, outreach visits, opinion leaders, and multifaceted activities. Audit with feedback and educational materials were less effective, and formal CME conferences or activities, without enabling or practice-reinforcing strategies, had relatively little impact. Conclusion. —Widely used CME delivery methods such as conferences have little direct impact on improving professional practice. More effective methods such as systematic practice-based interventions and outreach visits are seldom used by CME providers. (JAMA. 1995;274:700-705)

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.1995.03530090032018

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cumulative Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Trials for Myocardial Infarction
Lau, J., Antman, E. M., Jimenez-Silva, J., Kupelnick, B., Mosteller, F., & Chalmers, T. C. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199207233270406 · Cited by 1,140
Delayed Feedback of Physician Performance Versus Immediate Reminders to Perform Preventive Care: Effects on Physician Compliance
Tierney, W. M., Hui, S. L., & McDonald, C. J. (1986) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198608000-00001 · Cited by 337
Improving treatment of late life depression in primary care: a randomized clinical trial
Callahan, C. M., Hendrie, H. C., Dittus, R. S., Brater, D. C., Hui, S. L., & Tierney, W. M. (1994) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06555.x · Cited by 304
Improving Physicians?? Recognition and Treatment of Depression in General Medical Care: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial
Magruder-Habib, K., Zung, W. W. K., & Feussner, J. R. (1990) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199003000-00004 · Cited by 163

Show all 4 references

Sorted by citations

Lost in knowledge translation: Time for a map?
Graham, I. D., Logan, J., Harrison, M. B., Straus, S. E., Tetroe, J., Caswell, W., & Robinson, N. (2006) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.47 · Cited by 4,705
From best evidence to best practice: effective implementation of change in patients' care
Grol, R., & Grimshaw, J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14546-1 · Cited by 4,531
Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies
Grimshaw, J., Thomas, R., MacLennan, G., Fraser, C., Ramsay, C., Vale, L., Whitty, P., Eccles, M., Matowe, L., Shirran, L., et al. (2004) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta8060 · Cited by 3,044
Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Meschia, J. F., Bushnell, C., Boden-Albala, B., Braun, L. T., Bravata, D. M., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Eckel, R. H., Elkind, M. S. V., Fornage, M., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000046 · Cited by 2,650
Closing the gap between research and practice: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions to promote the implementation of research findings
Bero, L. A., Grilli, R., Grimshaw, J. M., Harvey, E., Oxman, A. D., & Thomson, M. A. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7156.465 · Cited by 2,396
Impact of Formal Continuing Medical Education: Do Conferences, Workshops, Rounds, and Other Traditional Continuing Education Activities Change Physician Behavior or Health Care Outcomes?
Davis, D., O'Brien, M. A. T., Freemantle, N., Wolf, F. M., Mazmanian, P., & Taylor-Vaisey, A. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.9.867 · Cited by 2,364
Self-citation
What drives change? Barriers to and incentives for achieving evidence‐based practice
Grol, R., & Wensing, M. (2004) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05948.x · Cited by 1,378
Improving the Quality of Health Care in the United Kingdom and the United States: A Framework for Change
Ferlie, E. B., & Shortell, S. M. (2001) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.00206 · Cited by 1,335
Clinical Inertia
Phillips, L. S., Branch, W. T., Cook, C. B., Doyle, J. P., El-Kebbi, I. M., Gallina, D. L., Miller, C. D., Ziemer, D. C., & Barnes, C. S. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00012 · Cited by 1,370
Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Goldstein, L. B., Bushnell, C. D., Adams, R. J., Appel, L. J., Braun, L. T., Chaturvedi, S., Creager, M. A., Culebras, A., Eckel, R. H., Hart, R. G., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3181fcb238 · Cited by 1,306
How Can Research Organizations More Effectively Transfer Research Knowledge to Decision Makers?
LAVIS, J. N., ROBERTSON, D., WOODSIDE, J. M., McLEOD, C. B., & ABELSON, J. (2003) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.t01-1-00052 · Cited by 1,176
Local opinion leaders: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Flodgren, G., Parmelli, E., Doumit, G., Gattellari, M., O'Brien, M. A., Grimshaw, J., & Eccles, M. P. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000125.pub4 · Cited by 1,070
How Can We Increase Translation of Research into Practice? Types of Evidence Needed
Glasgow, R. E., & Emmons, K. M. (2007) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144145 · Cited by 1,050
Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Jamtvedt, G., Young, J. M., Kristoffersen, D. T., O'Brien, M. A., & Oxman, A. D. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000259.pub2 · Cited by 912
Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies
Grimshaw, J. M., Thomas, R. E., MacLennan, G., Fraser, C., Ramsay, C. R., Vale, L., Whitty, P., Eccles, M. P., Matowe, L., Shirran, L., et al. (2005) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462305290190 · Cited by 864
Getting evidence into practice: the role and function of facilitation
Harvey, G., Loftus‐Hills, A., Rycroft‐Malone, J., Titchen, A., Kitson, A., McCormack, B., & Seers, K. (2002) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02126.x · Cited by 730
An overview of clinical research: the lay of the land
Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07283-5 · Cited by 734
Professional development in early childhood programs: Process issues and research needs
Sheridan, S. M., Edwards, C. P., Marvin, C. A., & Knoche, L. L. (2009) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409280802582795 · Cited by 537
Gaps between knowing and doing: Understanding and assessing the barriers to optimal health care
Cochrane, L. J., Olson, C. A., Murray, S., Dupuis, M., Tooman, T., & Hayes, S. (2007) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.106 · Cited by 500
Improving Quality Improvement Using Achievable Benchmarks For Physician Feedback: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Kiefe, C. I., Allison, J. J., Williams, O. D., Person, S. D., Weaver, M. T., & Weissman, N. W. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.22.2871 · Cited by 503
Systematic review of the literature on assessment, feedback and physicians’ clinical performance: BEME Guide No. 7
Veloski, J., Boex, J. R., Grasberger, M. J., Evans, A., & Wolfson, D. B. (2006) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590600622665 · Cited by 500
Effect of Local Medical Opinion Leaders on Quality of Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Soumerai, S. B., McLaughlin, T. J., Gurwitz, J. H., Guadagnoli, E., Hauptman, P. J., Borbas, C., Morris, N., McLaughlin, B., Gao, X., Willison, D. J., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.17.1358 · Cited by 479
Conceptual frameworks to illuminate and magnify
Bordage, G. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03295.x · Cited by 479
Are multifaceted interventions more effective than single-component interventions in changing health-care professionals' behaviours? An overview of systematic reviews
Squires, J. E., Sullivan, K., Eccles, M. P., Worswick, J., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2014) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0152-6 · Cited by 368
Rationality in medical decision making: a review of the literature on doctors’ decision‐making biases
Bornstein, B. H., & Emler, A. C. (2001) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2753.2001.00284.x · Cited by 353
Evaluating informatics applications – clinical decision support systems literature review
Kaplan, B. (2001) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/s1386-5056(01)00183-6 · Cited by 350
Systematic review of knowledge translation strategies in the allied health professions
Scott, S. D., Albrecht, L., O’Leary, K., Ball, G. D., Hartling, L., Hofmeyer, A., Jones, C. A., Klassen, T. P., Burns, K. K., Newton, A. S., et al. (2012) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-70 · Cited by 331
Achieving change in primary care—effectiveness of strategies for improving implementation of complex interventions: systematic review of reviews
Lau, R., Stevenson, F., Ong, B. N., Dziedzic, K., Treweek, S., Eldridge, S., Everitt, H., Kennedy, A., Qureshi, N., Rogers, A., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009993 · Cited by 254
“Previous literature had suggested that multifaceted strategies could be more effective than single strategies, 94 97 98 and their use was advocated in the 2008 Medical Research Council (MRC) complex intervention guidance as potentially useful approaches to implementation.”
Predicting the Adoption of Electronic Health Records by Physicians: When Will Health Care be Paperless?
Ford, E. W., Menachemi, N., & Phillips, M. T. (2006) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1197/jamia.m1913 · Cited by 275
Strategies for rehabilitation professionals to move evidence-based knowledge into practice: A systematic review
Menon, A., Korner-Bitensky, N., Kastner, M., McKibbon, K., & Straus, S. (2009) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-0451 · Cited by 260
A systematic review exploring the content and outcomes of interventions to improve psychological safety, speaking up and voice behaviour
O’Donovan, R., & McAuliffe, E. (2020) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-4931-2 · Cited by 259
Suicide and violence prevention: Parent education in the emergency department
Kruesi, M. J. P., Grossman, J., Pennington, J. M., Woodward, P. J., Duda, D., & Hirsch, J. G. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199903000-00010 · Cited by 251
Anesthesiologists’ and surgeons’ perceptions about routine pre-operative testing in low-risk patients: application of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify factors that influence physicians’ decisions to order pre-operative tests
the Canada PRIME Plus Team, Patey, A. M., Islam, R., Francis, J. J., Bryson, G. L., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2012) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-52 · Cited by 237
Translating what we have learned into practice
Glasgow, R. E., Goldstein, M. G., Ockene, J. K., & Pronk, N. P. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.019 · Cited by 239
Designing a quality improvement intervention: a systematic approach
van Bokhoven, M. A. (2003) · Quality and Safety in Health Care · doi:10.1136/qhc.12.3.215 · Cited by 204
Developing the Mental Health Workforce: Review and Application of Training Approaches from Multiple Disciplines
Lyon, A. R., Stirman, S. W., Kerns, S. E. U., & Bruns, E. J. (2011) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-010-0331-y · Cited by 210
An Educational Intervention to Improve Physician Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Figueiras, A., Herdeiro, M. T., Polónia, J., & Gestal-Otero, J. J. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.9.1086 · Cited by 204
Oncology care provider perspectives on exercise promotion in people with cancer: an examination of knowledge, practices, barriers, and facilitators
Nadler, M., Bainbridge, D., Tomasone, J., Cheifetz, O., Juergens, R. A., & Sussman, J. (2017) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-017-3640-9 · Cited by 190
Interventions to Improve Chronic Illness Care: Evaluating Their Effectiveness
Bodenheimer, T. (2003) · Disease Management · doi:10.1089/109350703321908441 · Cited by 189
Continuing Medical Education Effect on Practice Performance
Davis, D., & Galbraith, R. (2009) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.08-2517 · Cited by 172
Self-citation
Interventions to Improve Provider Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders in Primary Care: A Critical Review of the Literature
Kroenke, K., Taylor-Vaisey, A., Dietrich, A. J., & Oxman, T. E. (2000) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(00)71172-8 · Cited by 164
How evidence based are recruitment strategies to randomized controlled trials in primary care? Experience from seven studies
Foy, R. (2003) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/20.1.83 · Cited by 160
A clinical trial of tailored office systems for preventive service delivery
Goodwin, M. A., Zyzanski, S. J., Zronek, S., Ruhe, M., Weyer, S. M., Konrad, N., Esola, D., & Stange, K. C. (2001) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00310-5 · Cited by 144
Impact studies in continuing education for health professions: update
Robertson, M. K., Umble, K. E., & Cervero, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.1340230305 · Cited by 145
Implementation of Clinical Guidelines on Physical Therapy for Patients With Low Back Pain: Randomized Trial Comparing Patient Outcomes After a Standard and Active Implementation Strategy
Bekkering, G. E., van Tulder, M. W., Hendriks, E. J., Koopmanschap, M. A., Knol, D. L., Bouter, L. M., & Oostendorp, R. A. (2005) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/85.6.544 · Cited by 141
Effect on the process of care of an active strategy to implement clinical guidelines on physiotherapy for low back pain: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Bekkering, G. E. (2005) · Quality and Safety in Health Care · doi:10.1136/qshc.2003.009357 · Cited by 138
Commitment to change statements can predict actual change in practice.
Wakefield, J., Herbert, C. P., Maclure, M., Dormuth, C., Wright, J. M., Legare, J., Brett-MacLean, P., & Premi, J. (2003) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.1340230205 · Cited by 141
What do we know about how dentists make caries-related treatment decisions?
Bader, J. D., & Shugars, D. A. (1997) · Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00905.x · Cited by 128
Developing a theory‐based taxonomy of methods for implementing change in practice
Leeman, J., Baernholdt, M., & Sandelowski, M. (2007) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04207.x · Cited by 120
Human Factors Barriers to the Effective Use of Ten HIV Clinical Reminders
Patterson, E. S., Nguyen, A. D., Halloran, J. P., & Asch, S. M. (2004) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1197/jamia.m1364 · Cited by 115
Task force 8. Organization of preventive cardiology service
Pearson, T. A., McBride, P. E., Miller, N. H., & Smith, S. C. (1996) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(96)87736-9 · Cited by 110
Personality Traits in Juvenile Delinquents: Relation to Criminal Behavior and Recidivism
Steiner, H., Cauffman, E., & Duxbury, E. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199903000-00011 · Cited by 109
An Endocrinologist-Supported Intervention Aimed at Providers Improves Diabetes Management in a Primary Care Site
Phillips, L. S., Ziemer, D. C., Doyle, J. P., Barnes, C. S., Kolm, P., Branch, W. T., Caudle, J. M., Cook, C. B., Dunbar, V. G., El-Kebbi, I. M., et al. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.10.2352 · Cited by 108
Breakeven, Cost Benefit, Cost Effectiveness, and Willingness to Pay for Web-Based Versus Face-to-Face Education Delivery for Health Professionals
Maloney, S., Haas, R., Keating, J. L., Molloy, E., Jolly, B., Sims, J., Morgan, P., & Haines, T. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2040 · Cited by 107
Evaluating two implementation strategies for whiplash guidelines in physiotherapy: A cluster-randomised trial
Rebbeck, T., Maher, C. G., & Refshauge, K. M. (2006) · Australian Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0004-9514(06)70025-3 · Cited by 102
Physician advice about smoking and drinking
Denny, C. H., Serdula, M. K., Holtzman, D., & Nelson, D. E. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00568-8 · Cited by 102
Two-year effects of quality improvement programs on medication management for depression
Unützer, J., Rubenstein, L., Katon, W. J., Tang, L., Duan, N., Lagomasino, I. T., & Wells, K. B. (2001) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.10.935 · Cited by 102
Australian Rural Football Club Leaders as Mental Health Advocates: An Investigation of the Impact of the Coach the Coach Project
Pierce, D., Liaw, S.-T., Dobell, J., & Anderson, R. (2010) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-4-10 · Cited by 100
Better Prescribing Project: a randomized controlled trial of the impact of case-based educational modules and personal prescribing feedback on prescribing for hypertension in primary care
Herbert, C. P. (2004) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmh515 · Cited by 83
Investigating the efficacy of practical skill teaching: a pilot-study comparing three educational methods
Maloney, S., Storr, M., Paynter, S., Morgan, P., & Ilic, D. (2013) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-012-9355-2 · Cited by 74
Effect of CPOE User Interface Design on User-Initiated Access to Educational and Patient Information during Clinical Care
Rosenbloom, S. T., Geissbuhler, A. J., Dupont, W. D., Giuse, D. A., Talbert, D. A., Tierney, W. M., Plummer, W. D., Stead, W. W., & Miller, R. A. (2005) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1197/jamia.m1627 · Cited by 71
Promoting brief alcohol intervention by nurses in primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Kaner, E., Lock, C., Heather, N., McNamee, P., & Bond, S. (2003) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(02)00242-2 · Cited by 71
Brief intervention, three decades on: An overview of research findings and strategies for more widespread implementation
Nilsen, P., Kaner, E., & Babor, T. F. (2008) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.1177/145507250802500608 · Cited by 64
An Electronic Medical Record Intervention Increased Nursing Home Advance Directive Orders and Documentation
Lindner, S. A., Ben Davoren, J., Vollmer, A., Williams, B., & Seth Landefeld, C. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01214.x · Cited by 61
Cost-effectiveness of an active implementation strategy for the Dutch physiotherapy guideline for low back pain
Hoeijenbos, M., Bekkering, T., Lamers, L., Hendriks, E., van Tulder, M., & Koopmanschap, M. (2005) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.02.008 · Cited by 61
Changes in Physical Therapy Providers' Use of Fall Prevention Strategies Following a Multicomponent Behavioral Change Intervention
Brown, C. J., Gottschalk, M., Van Ness, P. H., Fortinsky, R. H., & Tinetti, M. E. (2005) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/85.5.394 · Cited by 52
Practice organisational characteristics can impact on compliance with the BTS/SIGN asthma guideline: Qualitative comparative case study in primary care
Wiener-Ogilvie, S., Huby, G., Pinnock, H., Gillies, J., & Sheikh, A. (2008) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-9-32 · Cited by 48
A Randomized Evaluation of Two Health Care Quality Improvement Program (HCQIP) Interventions to Improve the Adequacy of Hemodialysis Care of ESRD Patients: Feedback Alone versus Intensive Intervention
McClellan, W. M., Hodgin, E., Pastan, S., McAdams, L., & Soucie, M. (2004) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000115701.51613.d7 · Cited by 40
Mental Health Link: the development and formative evaluation of a complex intervention to improve shared care for patients with long‐term mental illness
Byng, R., & Jones, R. (2004) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2003.00439.x · Cited by 31
Randomised controlled trial of reminders to enhance the impact of audit in general practice on management of patients who use benzodiazepines
Baker, R., Farooqi, A., Tait, C., & Walsh, S. (1997) · Quality and Safety in Health Care · doi:10.1136/qshc.6.1.14 · Cited by 28
A Randomized Trial of Evidence-Based Outreach (EBOR)
Freemantle, N., Eccles, M., Wood, J., Mason, J., Nazareth, I., Duggan, C., Young, P., Haines, A., Drummond, M., Russell, I., et al. (1999) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(99)00023-9 · Cited by 25
Influencing care in acute myocardial infarction: a randomized trial comparing 2 types of intervention
Sauaia, A., Ralston, D., Schluter, W. W., Marciniak, T. A., Havranek, E. P., & Dunn, T. R. (2000) · American Journal of Medical Quality · doi:10.1177/106286060001500503 · Cited by 24
Themed Review: Clinical Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Youth
Meriwether, R. A., Lobelo, F., & Pate, R. R. (2008) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827607308557 · Cited by 22
The effect of external feedback on the management of medicare inpatients with congestive heart failure
Hayes, R. P., Baker, D. W., Luthi, J.-C., Baggett, R. L., McClellan, W., Fitzgerald, D., Abrams, F. R., Bratzler, D., & Ballard, D. J. (2002) · American Journal of Medical Quality · doi:10.1177/106286060201700605 · Cited by 15
The Effectiveness of Commitment to Change Statements on Improving Practice Behaviors Following Continuing Pharmacy Education
Fjortoft, N. (2007) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/aj7106112 · Cited by 11

Authors: Davis, D. A.
Corresponding author: Davis, David A.
ORCID: Davis, David A.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1995-09-06
Volume: 274
Issue: 9
Pages: 700
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1995.03530090032018
OpenAlex: W4249753019
Cited by: 1,763
References: 4
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 60
FWCI: 69.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
Keywords: continuing medical education, physician performance, health care outcomes, educational intervention, academic detailing, opinion leaders, reminders, teaching materials, practice-based interventions, multicomponent intervention, barriers to change

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Changing Physician Performance: A Systematic Review of the Effect of Continuing Medical Education Strategies

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks