Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: IX. A Method for Grading Health Care Recommendations

Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp

Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,347 · see citing works

Measurement of health state utilities for economic appraisal

Torrance, G. W. (1986) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/0167-6296(86)90020-2 · Cited by 2,213 · see citing works

An Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment

Laupacis, A., Sackett, D. L., & Roberts, R. S. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806303182605 · Cited by 1,681 · see citing works

A comparison of results of meta-analyses of randomized control trials and recommendations of clinical experts. Treatments for myocardial infarction

Antman, E. M. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.268.2.240 · Cited by 1,535 · see citing works

Rules of Evidence and Clinical Recommendations on the Use of Antithrombotic Agents

Sackett, D. L. (1989) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.95.2_supplement.2s · Cited by 1,369 · see citing works

Statistics with Confidence: Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines.

JOLLIFFE, F. R., Gardner, M. J., & Altman, D. G. (1990) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2982808 · Cited by 1,319 · see citing works

Meta-Analysis in Clinical Research

L'ABBÉ, K. A., DETSKY, A. S., & O'ROURKE, K. (1987) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-224 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works

Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials

Sacks, H. S., Berrier, J., Reitman, D., Ancona-Berk, V. A., & Chalmers, T. C. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198702193160806 · Cited by 1,253 · see citing works

Analysis and interpretation of treatment effects in subgroups of patients in randomized clinical trials

Yusuf, S. (1991) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470010097038 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works

Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Patients

Cook, D. J., Fuller, H. D., Guyatt, G. H., Marshall, J. C., Leasa, D., Hall, R., Winton, T. L., Rutledge, F., Todd, T., Roy, P., et al. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199402103300601 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works

A consumer's guide to subgroup analyses

Oxman, A. D., & Guyatt, G. H. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-1-78 · Cited by 914 · see citing works

Bias in treatment assignment in controlled clinical trials

Chalmers, T. C., Celano, P., Sacks, H. S., & Smith, H. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198312013092204 · Cited by 864 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Oxman, A. D. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520170077040 · Cited by 813 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Guyatt, G. H. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510250075039 · Cited by 693 · see citing works

Users' guides to the medical literature. I. How to get started. The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group

Oxman, A. D. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.270.17.2093 · Cited by 656 · see citing works

Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically III Patients

Cook, D. J. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530280060038 · Cited by 603 · see citing works

Users' guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. B. What were the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group

Guyatt, G. H. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.271.1.59 · Cited by 581 · see citing works

The Periodic Health Examination

Frappier-Davignon, L. (1934) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm193401252100413 · Cited by 488 · see citing works

Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Patients

COOK, D. J., Fuller, H. D., Marshall, J. C., Leasa, D. J., Hall, R., Winton, T. L., Rutledge, F. S., TODD, T. J. R., Roy, P., Lacroix, J., et al. (1994) · Survey of Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00132586-199412000-00065 · Cited by 469 · see citing works

Users' guides to the medical literature. VIII. How to use clinical practice guidelines. A. Are the recommendations valid? The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group

Hayward, R. S. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.274.7.570 · Cited by 394 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Hayward, R. S. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530070068032 · Cited by 392 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Wilson, M. C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.274.20.1630 · Cited by 276 · see citing works

Clinically useful measures of effect in binary analyses of randomized trials

Sinclair, J. C., & Bracken, M. B. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90191-0 · Cited by 271 · see citing works

Management of raised blood pressure in New Zealand: a discussion document.

Jackson, R., Barham, P., Bills, J., Birch, T. B., McLennan, L., MacMahon, S. W., & Tj, M. (1993) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6896.107 · Cited by 262 · see citing works

Assessing the clinical effectiveness of preventive maneuvers: Analytic principles and systematic methods in reviewing evidence and developing clinical practice recommendations A report by the Canadian task force on the periodic health examination

Woolf, S. H. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90073-x · Cited by 259 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Wilson, M. C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530200066040 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

Who benefits from medical interventions?

Smith, G. D., & Egger, M. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6921.72 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

Basic statistics for clinicians: 2. Interpreting study results: confidence intervals.

Guyatt, G. H., Jaeschke, R., Heddle, N. M., Cook, D., Shannon, H. S., & Walter, S. D. (1995) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Basic statistics for clinicians: 3. Assessing the effects of treatment: measures of association.

Jaeschke, R., Guyatt, G. H., Shannon, H. S., Walter, S. D., Cook, D., & Heddle, N. M. (1995) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Sensitivity and Specificity of Clinical Trials

Sacks, H. S. (1983) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1983.00350040143020 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients

Cook, D. J., Fuller, H. D., Guyatt, G. H., Marshall, J. C., Leasa, D. J., Hall, R., Winton, T., Rutledge, F. S., Todd, T. R. J., Roy, P., et al. (1994) · Gastroenterology Nursing · doi:10.1097/00001610-199409000-00015 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Alternative Perspectives on the Biased Foundations of Medical Technology Assessment

Diamond, G. A., & Denton, T. A. (1993) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-118-6-199303150-00010 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Side Effects of Ranitidine

Vial, T., Goubier, C., Bergeret, A., Cabrera, F., Evreux, J. C., & Descotes, J. (1991) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-199106020-00002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Sox, H. C. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500200081038 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Large trials with simple protocols: Indications and contraindications

Lubsen, J. C., & Tijssen, J. G. P. (1989) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(89)90054-8 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Statistical Guidelines for Contributors to Medical Journals

Altman, D. G., Gore, S. M., Gardner, M. J., & Pocock, S. (1992) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456329202900101 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Turmoil in Medical Education: Peking, Paris, and Points West

H., E. J. (1969) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-70-1-225 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

H2-antagonists and hepatitis.

Dobbs, J., Muir, J. G., & Smith, R. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Late-Stage African Trypanosomiasis and Eflornithine

Bari, C. D., Pastore, G., Roscigno, G., Schechter, P. J., & Sjoerdsma, A. (1986) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-803_3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations

(2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490 · Cited by 8,477 · see citing works

Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement

Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04149-5 · Cited by 4,826 · see citing works

Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma

Bousquet, J., van Cauwenberge, P., & Khaltaev, N. (2001) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2001.118891 · Cited by 3,588 · see citing works

Randomized, Controlled Trials, Observational Studies, and the Hierarchy of Research Designs

Concato, J., Shah, N., & Horwitz, R. I. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200006223422507 · Cited by 3,563 · see citing works

OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines

Zhang, W., Moskowitz, R. W., Nuki, G., Abramson, S., Altman, R. D., Arden, N., Bierma-Zeinstra, S., Brandt, K. D., Croft, P., Doherty, M., et al. (2008) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2007.12.013 · Cited by 2,796 · see citing works

The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials

Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., & Altman, D. G. (2001) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-1-2 · Cited by 2,755 · see citing works

Systematic Reviews: Synthesis of Best Evidence for Clinical Decisions

Cook, D. J., Mulrow, C. D., & Haynes, R. B. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-126-5-199703010-00006 · Cited by 2,184 · see citing works

Reaching the hard-to-reach: a systematic review of strategies for improving health and medical research with socially disadvantaged groups

Bonevski, B., Randell, M., Paul, C. L., Chapman, K. L., Twyman, L., Bryant, J., Brozek, I., & Hughes, C. (2014) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-42 · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works

BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009

Lim, W. S., Baudouin, S., George, R. C., Hill, A. T., Jamieson, C., Jeune, I. L., Macfarlane, J. T., Read, R. C., Roberts, H. J., Levy, M. L., et al. (2009) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2009.121434 · Cited by 1,417 · see citing works

Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations I: Critical appraisal of existing approaches The GRADE Working Group

Atkins, D., Eccles, M., Flottorp, S., Guyatt, G. H., Henry, D., Hill, S., Liberati, A., O'Connell, D., Oxman, A. D., Phillips, B., et al. (2004) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-4-38 · Cited by 1,235 · see citing works

Problem of immortal time bias in cohort studies: example using statins for preventing progression of diabetes

Lévesque, L. E., Hanley, J. A., Kezouh, A., & Suissa, S. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b5087 · Cited by 1,199 · see citing works

Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease in Children: Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Hill, I. D., Dirks, M., Liptak, G. S., Colletti, R. B., Fasano, A., Guandalini, S., Hoffenberg, E. J., Horváth, K., Murray, J. A., Pivor, M., et al. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-200501000-00001 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works

Low Back Pain

Delitto, A., George, S. Z., Dillen, L. V., Whitman, J. M., Sowa, G., Shekelle, P., Denninger, T. R., & Godges, J. J. (2012) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.42.4.a1 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works

International Clinical Recommendations on Scar Management

Mustoe, T. A., Cooter, R. D., Gold, M. H., Hobbs, R. F., Ramelet, A.-A., Shakespeare, P. G., Stella, M., Téot, L., Wood, F. M., & Ziegler, U. E. (2002) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-200208000-00031 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works

Evaluation of networks of randomized trials

Salanti, G., Higgins, J. P., Ades, A., & Ioannidis, J. P. (2008) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280207080643 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works

Progress in evidence-based medicine: a quarter century on

Djulbegovic, B., & Guyatt, G. H. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31592-6 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works

Hierarchy of evidence: a framework for ranking evidence evaluating healthcare interventions

Evans, D. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00662.x · Cited by 993 · see citing works

Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User’s Guide

(2020) · doi:10.23970/ahrqepcregistries4 · Cited by 968 · see citing works

Network meta-analysis: an introduction for clinicians

Rouse, B., Chaimani, A., & Li, T. (2017) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-016-1583-7 · Cited by 875 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Guyatt, G. H., Haynes, R. B., Jaeschke, R. Z., Cook, D. J., Green, L. A., Naylor, C. D., Wilson, M. C., Richardson, W. S., & for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.10.1290 · Cited by 741 · see citing works

Using Real-World Data for Coverage and Payment Decisions: The ISPOR Real-World Data Task Force Report

Garrison, L. P., Neumann, P. J., Erickson, P., Marshall, D. A., & Mullins, C. D. (2007) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00186.x · Cited by 694 · see citing works

Meta‐Analysis in Medical Research

Haidich, A. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470994894 · Cited by 691 · see citing works

Photoaging: mechanisms and repair

Rabe, J. H., Mamelak, A. J., McElgunn, P. J. S., Morison, W. L., & Sauder, D. N. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.05.010 · Cited by 610 · see citing works

The Appropriate Use of Neurostimulation of the Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Ischemic Diseases: The Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee

Deer, T. R., Mekhail, N. A., Provenzano, D. A., Pope, J. E., Krames, E. S., Leong, M. S., Levy, R. M., Abejón, D., Buchser, E., Burton, A., et al. (2014) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12208 · Cited by 606 · see citing works

The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care

Titler, M. G., Kleiber, C., Steelman, V. J., Rakel, B. A., Budreau, G., Everett, L. Q., Buckwalter, K. C., Tripp-Reimer, T., & Goode, C. J. (2001) · Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0899-5885(18)30017-0 · Cited by 586 · see citing works

Effectiveness of wearable activity trackers to increase physical activity and improve health: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Ferguson, T., Olds, T., Curtis, R., Blake, H., Crozier, A. J., Dankiw, K., Dumuid, D., Kasai, D., O'Connor, E., Virgara, R., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00111-x · Cited by 560 · see citing works

The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in specific psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis.

Leichsenring, F., Rabung, S., & Leibing, E. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.12.1208 · Cited by 513 · see citing works

Expression of MMPs and TIMPs in liver fibrosis - a systematic review with special emphasis on anti-fibrotic strategies

Hemmann, S., Graf, J., Roderfeld, M., & Roeb, E. (2007) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2007.02.003 · Cited by 509 · see citing works

BTS Guidelines for the Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee in collaboration with and endorsed by the Royal College of Physicians of London, Royal College of General Practitioners, British Geriatrics Society, British Lung Foundation, British Infection Society, & B (2001) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.56.suppl_4.iv1 · Cited by 506 · see citing works

The natural history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: a multi-parameter evidence synthesis

Price, M. J., Ades, A., Soldan, K., Welton, N. J., Macleod, J., Simms, I., DeAngelis, D., Turner, K. M., & Horner, P. J. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20220 · Cited by 494 · see citing works

Shoulder Pain and Mobility Deficits: Adhesive Capsulitis

Kelley, M. J., Shaffer, M. A., Kuhn, J. E. “., Michener, L. A., Seitz, A. L., Uhl, T. L., Godges, J. J., & McClure, P. W. (2013) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0302 · Cited by 485 · see citing works

New directions in evidence-based policy research: a critical analysis of the literature

Oliver, K. A., Lorenc, T., & Innvær, S. (2014) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/1478-4505-12-34 · Cited by 476 · see citing works

Psychological factors affecting the outcome of total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review

Vissers, M. M., Bussmann, J. B., Verhaar, J. A. N., Busschbach, J. J. V., Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M. A., & Reijman, M. (2012) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.07.003 · Cited by 473 · see citing works

The neurogenic bladder in multiple sclerosis: review of the literature and proposal of management guidelines

de Sèze, M., Ruffion, A., Denys, P., Joseph, P., Perrouin-Verbe, B., & International Francophone Neuro-Urological expert study group (GENULF) (2007) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458506075651 · Cited by 457 · see citing works

Opioids in the Management of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: An Update of American Society of the Interventional Pain Physicians’ (ASIPP) Guidelines

Manchikanti, L. (2008) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2008/11/s5 · Cited by 430 · see citing works

Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement

QUOROM Group, Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (2000) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01610.x · Cited by 418 · see citing works

Understanding Nutritional Epidemiology and Its Role in Policy

Satija, A., Yu, E., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2015) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.114.007492 · Cited by 414 · see citing works

Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: 2006 position statement of The North American Menopause Society

Ettinger, B. B., Harris, S. T., Kendler, D. L., Kessel, B., McClung, M. R., Gorodeski, G. I., Rothert, M. L., Henderson, V. W., Richardson, M. K., Freedman, R. R., et al. (2006) · Cited by 403 · see citing works

Does knee malalignment increase the risk of development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review

Tanamas, S. K., Hanna, F. S., Cicuttini, F., Wluka, A. E., Berry, P., & Urquhart, D. M. (2009) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.24336 · Cited by 394 · see citing works

A systematic review of the content of critical appraisal tools

Katrak, P., Bialocerkowski, A. E., Massy‐Westropp, N., Kumar, S., & Grimmer, K. A. (2004) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-4-22 · Cited by 389 · see citing works

Assessment of digital EEG, quantitative EEG, and EEG brain mapping: Report of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society* [RETIRED]

Nuwer, M. R. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.49.1.277 · Cited by 387 · see citing works

Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

(2010) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181c617e6 · Cited by 382 · see citing works

How to use the evidence: assessment and application of scientific evidence

Glasziou, P., Irwig, L., Bain, C., & Colditz, G. A. (2000) · Cited by 378 · see citing works

‘Is it worth doing?’ Measuring the impact of patient and public involvement in research

Staley, K. (2015) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-015-0008-5 · Cited by 363 · see citing works

Clinical Practice Guideline: Early Detection of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Committee on Quality Improvement, S. O. D. D. O. T. H. (2000) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.105.4.896 · Cited by 363 · see citing works

Systematic Review on the Management of Chronic Constipation in North America

Brandt, L. J., Prather, C. M., Quigley, E. M. M., Schiller, L. R., Schoenfeld, P., & Talley, N. J. (2005) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.50613_2.x · Cited by 342 · see citing works

What works for whom in which circumstances? On the need to move beyond the ‘what works?’ question in organizational intervention research

Nielsen, K. M., & Miraglia, M. (2016) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726716670226 · Cited by 335 · see citing works

Heel Pain—Plantar Fasciitis

McPoil, T. G., Martin, R. L., Cornwall, M. W., Wukich, D. K., Irrgang, J. J., & Godges, J. J. (2008) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2008.0302 · Cited by 320 · see citing works

Influence of obesity on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review

Lievense, A. M. (2002) · British journal of rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/41.10.1155 · Cited by 307 · see citing works

Network Meta-Analysis

Nikolakopoulou, A., White, I. R., & Salanti, G. (2020) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315119403-10 · Cited by 307 · see citing works

Screening for Thyroid Disease: An Update

Helfand, M., & Redfern, C. C. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00020 · Cited by 304 · see citing works

Trustworthy Online Controlled Experiments: A Practical Guide to A/B Testing

Kohavi, R., Tang, D., & Xu, Y. (2020) · doi:10.1017/9781108653985 · Cited by 297 · see citing works

An overview of meta-analysis for clinicians

Lee, Y. H. (2017) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2016.195 · Cited by 294 · see citing works

Sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for low back pain: a systematic review

Chen, S.-M., Liu, M., Cook, J. L., Bass, S. L., & Lo, S. K. (2009) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0410-0 · Cited by 282 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Wilson, M. C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.274.20.1630 · Cited by 276 · see citing works

Evidence-Based Policymaking: A Critique

Greenhalgh, T., & Russell, J. (2009) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0085 · Cited by 275 · see citing works

Clinical Recommendations Using Levels of Evidence for Antithrombotic Agents

Cook, D. J., Guyatt, G. H., Laupacis, A., Sackett, D. L., & Goldberg, R. J. (1995) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.108.4_supplement.227s · Cited by 275 · see citing works

How to read a paper : getting your bearings (deciding what the paper is about)

Greenhalgh, T. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7102.243 · Cited by 272 · see citing works

Pulsed radiofrequency adjacent to the cervical dorsal root ganglion in chronic cervical radicular pain: A double blind sham controlled randomized clinical trial

Zundert, J. H. M. V., Patijn, J., Kessels, A. G. H., Lamé, I. E., van Suijlekom, H., & van Kleef, M. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.002 · Cited by 269 · see citing works

Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome: A systematic review of the clinical and cost‐effectiveness literature and assessment of prognostic factors

Taylor, R. S., Buyten, J. V., & Buchser, E. (2005) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.02.004 · Cited by 269 · see citing works

Ankle Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments: Ankle Ligament Sprains

Martin, R. L., Davenport, T. E., Paulseth, S. G., Wukich, D. K., & Godges, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0305 · Cited by 268 · see citing works

Mother–To–Infant Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus

Yeung, L., King, S., & Roberts, E. A. (2001) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.25885 · Cited by 264 · see citing works

Six ‘biases’ against patients and carers in evidence-based medicine

Greenhalgh, T., Snow, R., Ryan, S., Rees, S., & Salisbury, H. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0437-x · Cited by 259 · see citing works

Attitudes towards and participation in randomised clinical trials in oncology: A review of the literature

Ellis, P. M. (2000) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1023/a:1008342222205 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

Persistent pain and uncomfortable sensations in persons with multiple sclerosis

Hadjimichael, O. C., Kerns, R. D., Rizzo, M., Cutter, G., & Vollmer, T. L. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.07.015 · Cited by 253 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Dans, A. L., Dans, L. F., Guyatt, G. H., Richardson, S., & for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.7.545 · Cited by 250 · see citing works

The GRADE system for rating clinical guidelines

Kavanagh, B. P. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000094 · Cited by 246 · see citing works

Real world data: an opportunity to supplement existing evidence for the use of long-established medicines in health care decision making

Katkade, V., Sanders, K. N., & Zou, K. H. (2018) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s160029 · Cited by 240 · see citing works

The Vermont Oxford Network: Evidence-Based Quality Improvement for Neonatology

Horbar, J. D. (1999) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.103.se1.350 · Cited by 237 · see citing works

Improving the Quality of Reports of Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials: The QUOROM Statement

Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (2000) · Oncology Research and Treatment · doi:10.1159/000055014 · Cited by 235 · see citing works

Appraisal Tools for Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Systematic Review

Siering, U., Eikermann, M., Hausner, E., Hoffmann-Eßer, W., & Neugebauer, E. A. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082915 · Cited by 233 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

McAlister, F. A., Straus, S. E., Guyatt, G. H., Haynes, R. B., & for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.21.2829 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

When can odds ratios mislead?

Deeks, J. J., Bracken, M. B., Sinclair, J. C., Davies, H. T. O., Tavakoli, M., & Crombie, I. K. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7166.1155a · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Epistemologic Inquiries in Evidence-Based Medicine

Djulbegović, B., Guyatt, G. H., & Ashcroft, R. E. (2009) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327480901600208 · Cited by 218 · see citing works

Translating Research into Practice

Titler, M. G., & Everett, L. Q. (2001) · Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0899-5885(18)30026-1 · Cited by 218 · see citing works

Are psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapies effective? A review of empirical data

Leichsenring, F. (2005) · The International journal of psycho-analysis · doi:10.1516/rfee-lkpn-b7tf-kpdu · Cited by 227 · see citing works

Mejora de la calidad de los informes de los metaanálisis de los ensayos clínicos controlados: el acuerdo QUOROM

Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (2000) · Revista Española de Salud Pública · doi:10.1590/s1135-57272000000200002 · Cited by 213 · see citing works

Evidence of Benefit of Telerehabitation After Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review

Pastora‐Bernal, J., Martín‐Valero, R., Barón-López, F. J., & Estebanez-Pérez, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6836 · Cited by 207 · see citing works

A review of journal clubs in postgraduate medical education

Alguire, P. C. (1998) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00102.x · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Quality Improvement Methods in Clinical Medicine

Plsek, P. E. (1999) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.103.se1.203 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Grades of Recommendation for Antithrombotic Agents

Guyatt, G. H., Cook, D. J., Sackett, D. L., Eckman, M. H., & Pauker, S. G. (1998) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.114.5_supplement.441s · Cited by 199 · see citing works

Evidence-based nursing: What it is and what it isn't

Ingersoll, G. L. (2000) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1067/mno.2000.107690 · Cited by 199 · see citing works

Multivariable risk prediction can greatly enhance the statistical power of clinical trial subgroup analysis

Hayward, R. A., Kent, D. M., Vijan, S. S., & Hofer, T. P. (2006) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-18 · Cited by 196 · see citing works

The use of cultured epithelial autograft in the treatment of major burn injuries: A critical review of the literature

Wood, F. M., Kolybaba, M. L., & Allen, P. (2006) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2006.01.008 · Cited by 191 · see citing works

Evidence-Based Medicine, Systematic Reviews, and Guidelines in Interventional Pain Management: Part 3: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Randomized Trials

Manchikanti, L. (2009) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2009/12/35 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Rating the strength of scientific evidence: relevance for quality improvement programs

Lohr, K. N. (2004) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzh005 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Deliberate self harm in Sri Lanka: an overlooked tragedy in the developing world

Eddleston, M., Sheriff, M. H. R., & Hawton, K. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7151.133 · Cited by 185 · see citing works

Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

(2006) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000222475.93345.b3 · Cited by 184 · see citing works

Should Calcaneal Fractures Be Treated Surgically?

Randle, J. A., Kreder, H. J., Stephen, D. J. G., Williams, J., Jaglal, S. B., & Hu, R. W. (2000) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-200008000-00029 · Cited by 183 · see citing works

Randomized controlled versus naturalistic studies: A new research agenda

Leichsenring, F. (2004) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.68.2.137.35952 · Cited by 183 · see citing works

Determination of the clinical importance of study results

Man‐Son‐Hing, M., Laupacis, A., O’Rourke, K., Molnar, F., Mahon, J., Chan, K. B. Y., & Wells, G. A. (2002) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.11111.x · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature XVI. How to Use a Treatment Recommendation

Guyatt, G. H. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.19.1836 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Sexual abstinence only programmes to prevent HIV infection in high income countries: systematic review

Underhill, K., Montgomery, P., & Operario, D. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39245.446586.be · Cited by 176 · see citing works

Knee Pain and Mobility Impairments: Meniscal and Articular Cartilage Lesions

Logerstedt, D. S., Snyder‐Mackler, L., Ritter, R. C., Axe, M. J., & Godges, J. J. (2010) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0304 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Systematic reviews: gatekeepers of nursing knowledge

Evans, D. J., & Pearson, A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2001.00517.x · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Risk factors of recurrent hamstring injuries: a systematic review

de Visser, H. M., Reijman, M., Heijboer, M. P., & Bos, P. K. (2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090317 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Diagnostic Accuracy of Various Imaging Modalities for Suspected Lower Extremity Stress Fractures

Wright, A. A., Hegedus, E. J., Lenchik, L., Kuhn, K. J., Santiago, L., & Smoliga, J. M. (2015) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546515574066 · Cited by 166 · see citing works

Quality assessment of observational studies is not commonplace in systematic reviews

Mallen, C. D., Peat, G., & Croft, P. R. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.12.010 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

EWMA Document: Antimicrobials and Non-healing Wounds: Evidence, controversies and suggestions

Gottrup, F., Apelqvist, J., Bjarnsholt, T., Cooper, R., Moore, Z. E. H., Peters, E. J. G., & Probst, S. (2013) · Journal of Wound Care · doi:10.12968/jowc.2013.22.sup5.s1 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

The Efficacy of Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Disease: A Systematic Review

Koester, M. C., Dunn, W. R., Kuhn, J. E. “., & Spindler, K. P. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · doi:10.5435/00124635-200701000-00002 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

[Levels of scientific evidence and strength of clinical recommendations. From trials to guidelines. The Italian Group on Medicine Based on Evidence--(GIMBE)].

Cartabellotta, A., Montalto, G., & Notarbartolo, A. (1997) · PubMed

Visual system for communicating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations

Martínez, J. A. B. (2016) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/ebmed-2016-110499

Do clinicians want recommendations? A multicenter study comparing evidence summaries with and without GRADE recommendations

Neumann, I., Alonso‐Coello, P., Vandvik, P. O., Agoritsas, T., Dalmau, G. M., Akl, E. A., Brignardello‐Petersen, R., Emparanza, J. I., McCullagh, L., Sitio, C. D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.026 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Going from evidence to recommendations

Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Vist, G. E., Liberati, A., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39493.646875.ae · Cited by 1,810 · see citing works

GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations

Andrews, J., Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Alderson, P., Dahm, P., Falck-Ytter, Y., Nasser, M., Meerpohl, J., Post, P. N., Kunz, R., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.03.013 · Cited by 1,416 · see citing works