Cited by 157Bone health and osteoporosis researchSports Performance and TrainingVitamin D Research Studies

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Changes in Bone Mineral Content in Male Athletes: Mechanisms of Action and Intervention Effects

Klesges, Robert C.·1996·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.1996.03540030060033

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Abstract

Objectives To determine changes in bone mineral content (BMC) in male athletes, to examine the mechanisms of changes, and to evaluate the effects of intervention. Design Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) tests were administered over a 2-year period, and calcium loss during training was determined by analysis of sweat and urine. Calcium supplementation was administered during year 2. SETTING--A midsouth university. Participants Eleven members of a college Division I-A basketball team. Intervention Based on observed calcium loss, athletes received differential levels of calcium supplementation. Intervention commenced the week prior to the fall training season and continued through postseason play. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Changes in BMC. Results Total body BMC decreased 3.8% from preseason to midseason of year 1 (mean decrease, 133.4 g, P = .02), increased nonsignificantly by 1.1% (mean increase, 35.3 g, P = .22) during the offseason, but decreased an additional 3.3% during summer months when practices resumed (mean decrease, 113.1 g, P = .01). Dermal calcium loss averaged 247 mg [corrected] per training session. From preseason to late summer, there was an overall decrease of 6.1% in total BMC and a 10.5% decrease in BMC of the legs. Calcium supplementation was associated with significant increases in BMC and lean body mass. Conclusions Bone loss is calcium related and exercise is positively related to BMC provided that calcium intake is sufficient to offset dermal loss.

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Authors: Klesges, R. C.
Affiliations: University of Memphis (US)
Corresponding author: Klesges, Robert C.
ORCID: Klesges, Robert C.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1996-07-17
Volume: 276
Issue: 3
Pages: 226
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1996.03540030060033
OpenAlex: W2043167036
Cited by: 157
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 7.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
Keywords: bone mineral content, male athletes, basketball players, calcium loss, urinary calcium, calcium supplementation, exercise and bone, bone loss, lean body mass, seasonal variation
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Body Composition, Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Calcium, Dietary, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Sports, Sweat, Vitamin D, Exercise, Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone Density

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Changes in Bone Mineral Content in Male Athletes: Mechanisms of Action and Intervention Effects

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