The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 68 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety
Open accessAbstract
Despite increasing evidence that addiction is a treatable disease of the brain, most individuals do not receive treatment. Involvement in the criminal justice system often results from illegal drug-seeking behavior and participation in illegal activities that reflect, in part, disrupted behavior ensuing from brain changes triggered by repeated drug use. Treating drug-involved offenders provides a unique opportunity to decrease substance abuse and reduce associated criminal behavior. Emerging neuroscience has the potential to transform traditional sanction-oriented public safety approaches by providing new therapeutic strategies against addiction that could be used in the criminal justice system. We summarize relevant neuroscientific findings and evidence-based principles of addiction treatment that, if implemented in the criminal justice system, could help improve public heath and reduce criminal behavior.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“An estimated one-half of all prisoners (including some sentenced for other than drug offenses) meet the criteria for diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence (Table 1).3,4”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
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- Not matchedcites [4]
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“most prisoners (80%–85%) who could benefit from drug abuse treatment do not receive it.3,4”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
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- Not matchedcites [4]
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In the paper
“drug-using offenders are at high risk for infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C5”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“The large increase in the criminal justice population reflects in part tougher laws and penalties for drug offenses.2”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“frequently have co-morbid psychiatric disorders,6,7”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
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- Not matchedcites [7]
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Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“in- carceration in the United States costs approximately $22 000 per month,36”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [36]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“prison-based treatment saves between $2 to $6.39”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“The molecular and neurobiological adaptations resulting from chronic drug use persist for months after drug discontinuation,14”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Recidivism in the Drug-Abusing Offender
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Continuity of treatment for released offenders with infectious disease is crucial not only for the individual’s health51,52 but also for the health of the community.45,53”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Access to Treatment
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [51]
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- Not matchedcites [52]
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- Not matchedcites [53]
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Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Addiction also decreases sensitivity in the reward and the motivational circuits, which modulate response to positive as well as negative reinforcers.”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
In the paper
“Drug courts combine judicial supervision with drug treatment as an alternative to incarceration; their graduates have rearrest rates about half those of matched comparison samples and much lower than those of drug court dropouts.28”
- Also stated in: § Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System · plain
“their graduates have rearrest rates about half those of matched comparison samples and much lower than those of drug court dropouts.28”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System · plain
In the paper
“Integrating treatment into the criminal justice system would provide treatment to individuals who otherwise would not receive it, improving their medical outcomes and decreasing their rates of reincarceration.8”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [8]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Only a small proportion of people who need drug addiction treatment seek it voluntarily.
- Not matched
In the paper
“approximately 7.1 million adults in the United States are under some form of criminal justice supervision.1”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Addiction is a chronic brain disease for which genetic factors are believed to contribute 40% to 60% of the vulnerability.54”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [54]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Research has consistently shown that community-based drug abuse treatment can reduce drug use and drug-related criminal behavior.26”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“most correctional agencies reported providing sometype of drug abuse treatment services;however, the median percentage of offenders who had access to those services at any given time was low, usually less than 10% (Table 2).42”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Access to Treatment
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Infectious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C are associated with illicit drug use and occur at higher rates in correctional populations than in the general population,5”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Access to Treatment
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This helps explain why addicted individuals who have ceased drug use are at high risk of relapse and provides neurobiological support for the recognition of addiction as a chronic relapsing disease.72”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [72]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“these conditioned cues automatically activate the reward/motivational neurocircuitry and can trigger an intense desire to consume drugs (craving).13”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Recidivism in the Drug-Abusing Offender
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“repeated drug use also affects brain regions implicated in mood and anxiety, which could explain the high rate of addiction comorbid with dysphoria, depression, or both and the vulnerability of the addicted person to relapse when exposed to social stressors.65,66”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [65]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Identifying the neurologic factors underlying addictive behavior can place these moral arguments into a more reasoned context.”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction > Box. NIDA Principles of Drug Abuse Treatment for Criminal Justice Populations
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“The persistence of neurologic deficits provides support for the recognition of addiction as a chronic disease and highlights the need for the same continuity of care so important in treatment of other chronic diseases (eg, asthma, hypertension).72”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction > Box. NIDA Principles of Drug Abuse Treatment for Criminal Justice Populations
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [72]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Disruption of these circuits impairs the addicted person’s ability to inhibit intentional actions or to control strong emotions and desires and also increases the likelihood that the individual will have difficulties making adaptive decisions.60,61”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Individuals who participated in prison-based treatment followed by a community-based program postincarceration were 7 times more likely to be drug free and 3 times less likely to be arrested for criminal behavior than those not receiving treatment.29,30”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness in the Criminal Justice System
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [29]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [30]
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Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Opiate agonist medications used for the treatment of heroin addiction such as methadone and buprenorphine are underused in correctional populations.”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction > Substance Abuse Treatment Research in Criminal Justice Settings
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The increase in the number of drug-abusing offenders highlights the urgency to institute treatments for populations involved in the criminal justice system.”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Naltrexone is likely to be more acceptable in the criminal justice setting than agonist medications.”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Neurobiology of Addiction > Substance Abuse Treatment Research in Criminal Justice Settings
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Punishment alone is a futile and ineffective response to drug abuse,2 failing as a public safety intervention for offenders whose criminal behavior is directly related to drug use.81”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [81]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Incarceration has little evidence of reducing drug use or drug-related re-incarceration for nonviolent drug offenders.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Addiction is a chronic brain disease with a strong genetic component that in most instances requires treatment.”
§ Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Incarceration has little evidence of reducing drug use or drug-related re-incarceration for nonviolent drug offenders.
“there is little evidence that this strategy reduces drug use or drug-related re-incarceration rates for nonviolent drug offenders.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Addiction is still a stigmatized condition that the criminal justice system often does not treat as medical.
“Addiction remains a stigmatized disease not often regarded by the criminal justice system as a medical condition”
The paper relies on this without support.
Treatment for addiction is not constitutionally guaranteed in the way treatment for other medical conditions is.
“as a consequence, treatment is not constitutionally guaranteed as is the treatment of other medical conditions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Integrating volunteer-led self-help groups into criminal justice settings has only nominal cost.
“The cost of integrating volunteer-led self-help organizations such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous into criminal justice settings is nominal”
The paper relies on this without support.
Only a small proportion of people who need drug addiction treatment seek it voluntarily.
“Only a small percentage of those requiring treatment for drug addiction seek help voluntarily”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many barriers, including insufficient resources, infrastructure, and treatment staff, prevent meeting the drug treatment needs of drug-involved offenders.
“There are many barriers to treatment for the drug-involved offender, including lack of the resources, infrastructure, and treatment staff (including physicians knowledgeable about addiction medicine) required to meet the drug treatment needs of individuals under their supervision.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Poor compliance with naltrexone has restricted its use for heroin addiction.
“However, the poor compliance with naltrexone has limited its use in the treatment of heroin addiction.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently several ways to provide drug abuse treatment instead of incarceration.
“Several avenues currently exist for providing drug abuse treatment as an alternative to incarceration.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The number of drug courts has grown to nearly 2000 since the first one in Miami in 1989.
“from the first drug court established in Miami in 1989, drug courts have increased in number to nearly 2000 today.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Some states, including Arizona, California, and New York, have established treatment alternatives to incarceration for certain drug offenders.
“States such as Arizona, California, and New York have created treatment alternatives to incarceration for first-time drug offenders, juvenile offenders, and others.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many states face political pressure to cut incarceration costs by diverting nonviolent drug offenders into treatment.
“Many states are coming under political pressure to reduce the costs associated with incarceration by diverting nonviolent drug offenders to treatment.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Almost 85% of inmates who could benefit from treatment do not receive it within a US correctional facility (Chandler et al., 2009).”
From Reducing criminal recidivism in Alaska: The Set Free Model (2023) · cites this paper as Chandler et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“A history of drug use or misuse is pervasive among prison inmates by every measure, including prior use, use at the time the offense is committed, drug abuse, and drug dependence [2-4].”
From Return to drug use and overdose after release from prison: A qualitative study of risk and protective factors (2012) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Despite the magnitude of the problem of substance use disorders among criminal justice populations, prisoners have limited access to evidence-based substance abuse treatment during incarceration, during the transition to the community, or while under community supervision [3,5-7].”
From Return to drug use and overdose after release from prison: A qualitative study of risk and protective factors (2012) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Evidence-based opioid-agonist maintenance therapies for opioid dependence (methadone and buprenorphine) are effective in prison, jail, and community reentry (i.e., parole) settings2–5 but have historically been unavailable or discouraged among criminal justice clients.6–8”
From Extended-release naltrexone to prevent opioid relapse in criminal justice offenders (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
Citations
Cites
Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion
Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1579 · Cited by 3,785 · cited 1×
“These stimuli trigger automatic responses that frequently drive relapse, even in individuals motivated to stop taking drugs.(63) The”
BackgroundThe Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice
Kalivas, P. W., & Volkow, N. D. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.8.1403 · Cited by 2,757 · cited 1×
“One can also predict that dysfunction in this neurocircuitry would reduce an addicted person’s motivation to abstain from drug use because alternative reinforcers (natural stimuli) arecomparativelyweakerand negative consequences (eg, incarceration) are less salient.(62)”
BackgroundSelf-citationDrug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation
Koob, G. F., & Moal, M. L. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.52 · Cited by 2,535 · cited 1×
“Additionally, repeated drug use also affects brain regions implicated in mood and anxiety, which could explain the high rate of addiction comorbid with dysphoria, depression, or both and the vulnerabilityof theaddictedpersontorelapsewhen exposed to social stressors.(65,66) Impairment of the neural substrates affected…”
BackgroundRelease from prison–a high risk of death for former inmates
Binswanger, I. A., Stern, M. F., Deyo, R. A., Heagerty, P. J., Cheadle, A., Elmore, J. G., & Koepsell, T. D. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa064115 · Cited by 1,684 · cited 1×
“Failure to receive treatment on release increases the risk not only of relapse but alsoofmortality fromdrugoverdoseand other causes.(44) Infectious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C are associated with illicit drug use and occur at higher rates in correctional populations than in the general population,(5) but trea…”
BackgroundDamage to the insula disrupts addiction to cigarette smoking
Naqvi, N. H., Rudrauf, D., Damasio, H., & Bechara, A. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1135926 · Cited by 1,245
Cocaine cues and dopamine in dorsal striatum: mechanism of craving in cocaine addiction
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Childress, A.-R., Jayne, M., Ma, Y., & Wong, C. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1544-06.2006 · Cited by 1,164 · cited 1×
“As discussed below, these conditioned cues automatically activate the reward/ motivational neurocircuitry and can trigger an intense desire to consume drugs (craving).(13) The molecular and neurobiological adaptations resulting from chronic drug use persist for months after drug discontinuation,(14) and evidence exist…”
BackgroundSelf-citationWise, R. A. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80079-1 · Cited by 1,072
Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994
Langan, P. A., & Levin, D. J. (2002) · Federal Sentencing Reporter · doi:10.1525/fsr.2002.15.1.58 · Cited by 1,008
Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal
Grimm, J. W., Hope, B. T., Wise, R. A., & Shaham, Y. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084134 · Cited by 1,003
Plasticity of reward neurocircuitry and the ‘dark side’ of drug addiction
Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1105-1442 · Cited by 963
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7 of the 92 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
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Items 101–108 of 108
Risk of incarceration and clinical characteristics of incarcerated veterans by race/ethnicity
Tsai, J., Rosenheck, R. A., Kasprow, W. J., & McGuire, J. F. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0677-z · Cited by 33
Taxman, F. S., & Kitsantas, P. (2009) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.008 · Cited by 25
A Pilot Study of a Brief Motivational Intervention for Incarcerated Drinkers
Owens, M. D., & McCrady, B. S. (2016) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.05.005 · Cited by 23
A comparative study of the therapeutic education system for incarcerated substance-abusing offenders
Chaple, M., Sacks, S., McKendrick, K., Marsch, L. A., Belenko, S., Leukefeld, C., Prendergast, M., & French, M. (2016) · The Prison Journal · doi:10.1177/0032885516636858 · Cited by 22
Opioid Pharmacotherapy in Criminal Justice Settings: Now is the Time
Lee, J. D., & Rich, J. D. (2012) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2011.616797 · Cited by 22
Shaikh, R. A., Simonsen, K. A., O’Keefe, A., Earley, M., Foxall, M., Islam, K. M., Person, A., Boyle, C., Sandkovsky, U., & Margalit, R. (2015) · Journal of Correctional Health Care · doi:10.1177/1078345815600447 · Cited by 18
Effect of continuing care for people with cocaine dependence on criminal justice sentences
Wimberly, A. S., Hyatt, J. M., & McKay, J. R. (2018) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2330 · Cited by 8
Reducing criminal recidivism in Alaska: The Set Free Model
Ray, R., & Madison, A. (2023) · Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being · doi:10.35502/jcswb.331
“, 2015), cooccurring substance use disorder treatment (Chandler et al., 2009; Jewell et al., 2017; Kohn, 2018), education, training, and career placement (Jilani, 2018; Mullaney, 2018; Smith, 2018), intensive case management (Prendergast, 2009), and positive community reintegration (Boman & Mowen, 2017; Spooner & Heth…”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Chandler, R. K., Fletcher, B. W., & Volkow, N. D.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (US)
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2009-01-14
- Volume
- 301
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 183
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC2681083
- OpenAlex
- W2136084133
- Cited by
- 583
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 11.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- drug addiction treatment, drug-involved offenders, criminal justice system, neurobiology of addiction, evidence-based treatment, criminal behavior, substance abuse
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Crime, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Mental Health Services, Prisons, Public Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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