Cited by 280Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesOpioid Use Disorder TreatmentHIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk

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Screening and Brief Intervention for Drug Use in Primary Care: The ASPIRE Randomized Clinical Trial

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Saitz, Richard, Palfai, Tibor P. A., Cheng, Debbie M., Alford, Daniel P., Bernstein, Judith A., Lloyd-Travaglini, Christine A., Meli, Seville M., Chaisson, Christine E., Samet, Jeffrey H.·2014·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.2014.7862PMC PMC4667772

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Abstract

IMPORTANCE: The United States has invested substantially in screening and brief intervention for illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse, based in part on evidence of efficacy for unhealthy alcohol use. However, it is not a recommended universal preventive service in primary care because of lack of evidence of efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of 2 brief counseling interventions for unhealthy drug use (any illicit drug use or prescription drug misuse)-a brief negotiated interview (BNI) and an adaptation of motivational interviewing (MOTIV)-compared with no brief intervention. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This 3-group randomized trial took place at an urban hospital-based primary care internal medicine practice; 528 adult primary care patients with drug use (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test [ASSIST] substance-specific scores of ≥4) were identified by screening between June 2009 and January 2012 in Boston, Massachusetts. INTERVENTIONS: Two interventions were tested: the BNI is a 10- to 15-minute structured interview conducted by health educators; the MOTIV is a 30- to 45-minute intervention based on motivational interviewing with a 20- to 30-minute booster conducted by master's-level counselors. All study participants received a written list of substance use disorder treatment and mutual help resources. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome was number of days of use in the past 30 days of the self-identified main drug as determined by a validated calendar method at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included other self-reported measures of drug use, drug use according to hair testing, ASSIST scores (severity), drug use consequences, unsafe sex, mutual help meeting attendance, and health care utilization. RESULTS: At baseline, 63% of participants reported their main drug was marijuana, 19% cocaine, and 17% opioids. At 6 months, 98% completed follow-up. Mean adjusted number of days using the main drug at 6 months was 12 for no brief intervention vs 11 for the BNI group (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.77-1.22) and 12 for the MOTIV group (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.84-1.32; P = .81 for both comparisons vs no brief intervention). There were also no significant effects of BNI or MOTIV on any other outcome or in analyses stratified by main drug or drug use severity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Brief intervention did not have efficacy for decreasing unhealthy drug use in primary care patients identified by screening. These results do not support widespread implementation of illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse screening and brief intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00876941.

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Authors: Saitz, R., Palfai, T. P. A., Cheng, D. M., Alford, D. P., Bernstein, J. A., Lloyd-Travaglini, C. A., Meli, S. M., Chaisson, C. E., & Samet, J. H.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Saitz, Richard
ORCID: Saitz, Richard
Palfai, Tibor P. A.
Cheng, Debbie M.
Alford, Daniel P.
Bernstein, Judith A.
Lloyd-Travaglini, Christine A.
Chaisson, Christine E.
Samet, Jeffrey H.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2014-08-06
Volume: 312
Issue: 5
Pages: 502
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.7862
PMC: PMC4667772
OpenAlex: W2083318583
Cited by: 280
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 34.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA025068)
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000533, UL1RR025771)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Keywords: screening and brief intervention, illicit drug use, prescription drug misuse, motivational interviewing, primary care, substance use disorders, cannabis use, cocaine use, opioid use, ASSIST screening, hair analysis, self-help groups, health care utilization, substance use consequences, unprotected sex, health educators, counselors, calendar method, harm reduction, internal medicine practice, urban primary care
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Health Services, Hospitals, Urban, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders, Unsafe Sex, Self Report, Motivational Interviewing

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Screening and Brief Intervention for Drug Use in Primary Care: The ASPIRE Randomized Clinical Trial

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