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Cited by 345Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRetinal Imaging and Analysis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dietary Intake of Antioxidants and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

van Leeuwen, Redmer·2005·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.294.24.3101
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most prevalent cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Recently, high-dose supplementation with beta carotene, vitamins C and E, and zinc was shown to slow the progression of AMD. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether regular dietary intake of antioxidants is associated with a lower risk of incident AMD. DESIGN: Dietary intake was assessed at baseline in the Rotterdam Study (1990-1993) using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Incident AMD until final follow-up in 2004 was determined by grading fundus color transparencies in a masked way according to the International Classification and Grading System. SETTING: Population-based cohort of all inhabitants aged 55 years or older in a middle-class suburb of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Of 5836 persons at risk of AMD at baseline, 4765 had reliable dietary data and 4170 participated in the follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incident AMD, defined as soft distinct drusen with pigment alterations, indistinct or reticular drusen, geographic atrophy, or choroidal neovascularization. RESULTS: Incident AMD occurred in 560 participants after a mean follow-up of 8.0 years (range, 0.3-13.9 years). Dietary intake of both vitamin E and zinc was inversely associated with incident AMD. The hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increase of intake for vitamin E was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-1.00) and for zinc was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83-0.98). An above-median intake of all 4 nutrients, beta carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc, was associated with a 35% reduced risk (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.92) of AMD. Exclusion of supplement users did not affect the results. CONCLUSION: In this study, a high dietary intake of beta carotene, vitamins C and E, and zinc was associated with a substantially reduced risk of AMD in elderly persons.

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Crossref · 10.1001/jama.294.24.3101

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Metadata

Authors
van Leeuwen, R.
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2005-12-28
Volume
294
Issue
24
Pages
3101
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.294.24.3101
OpenAlex
W2120882408
Cited by
345
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 31
FWCI
24.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Keywords
age-related macular degeneration, dietary antioxidants, vitamin E, zinc, beta-carotene, vitamin C, drusen, geographic atrophy, choroidal neovascularization, dietary intake, older adults, Rotterdam Study
MeSH terms
Aged, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Diet, Diet Surveys, Female, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Risk, Vitamin E, Zinc, Cohort Studies, beta Carotene

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