Depression and Cardiovascular Disease: Healing the Broken-Hearted

Whooley, Mary A.

doi:10.1001/jama.295.24.2874

Cited by 251Cardiac Health and Mental HealthTreatment of Major DepressionMental Health Treatment and Access

Depression and Cardiovascular Disease: Healing the Broken-Hearted

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Whooley, Mary A.·2006·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.295.24.2874PMC PMC2771193

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Abstract

Major depressive disorder is a risk factor for the development of incident coronary heart disease events in healthy patients and for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with established heart disease. Depression is present in 1 of 5 outpatients with coronary heart disease and in 1 of 3 outpatients with congestive heart failure, yet the majority of cases are not recognized or appropriately treated. It is not known whether treating depression improves cardiovascular outcomes, but antidepressant treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is generally safe, alleviates depression, and improves quality of life. This article evaluates the importance of major depression in patients with cardiovascular disease, and provides practical guidance for identifying and treating this disorder.

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Depression is approximately twice as likely in individuals with coronary heart disease and 3 times as likely in persons with congestive heart failure compared to prevalence rates in the general population.
“depression has been found to be approximately twice as likely in individuals with coronary heart disease and 3 times as likely in persons with congestive heart failure compared to prevalence rates in the general population”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Whooley, 2006
In “What Is the Best Way to Diagnose Depression in a Patient With Heart Disease?”, the paper gives depression prevalences of approximately 5% in the general population, 20% in CHD outpatients, and 30%–40% in heart-failure outpatients. Relative to the stated general-population rate, those figures are roughly fourfold and six- to eightfold—not twofold and threefold. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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Skala, JA.; Freedland, KE.; Carney, RM. Heart Disease (Advances in Psychotherapy-Evidence- Based Practice). Hogrefe & Huber; Cambridge, Mass: 2005.

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2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
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Authors: Whooley, M. A.
Affiliations: San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Whooley, Mary A.
ORCID: Whooley, Mary A.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2006-06-28
Volume: 295
Issue: 24
Pages: 2874
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.24.2874
PMC: PMC2771193
OpenAlex: W2171037771
Cited by: 251
References: 103
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 15.71
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Health Services Research and Development
University of California, San Francisco
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079235)
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: major depressive disorder, depression, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cardiovascular outcomes, antidepressant treatment, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, depression detection, quality of life
MeSH terms: Antidepressive Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotherapy, Quality of Life, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

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Depression and Cardiovascular Disease: Healing the Broken-Hearted

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