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Cited by 746Cardiac Health and Mental HealthHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

Depression as a risk factor for cardiac mortality and morbidity

Carney, Robert M, Freedland, Kenneth E, Miller, Gregory E, Jaffe, Allan S·2002·Journal of Psychosomatic Research
DOI 10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00311-2
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Abstract

Depression increases the risk of cardiac mortality and morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), but the mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear. This review considers the evidence for several behavioral and physiological mechanisms that might explain how depression increases the risk for incident coronary disease and for subsequent cardiac morbidity and mortality. The candidate mechanisms include: (1). antidepressant cardiotoxicity; (2). association of depression with cardiac risk factors such as cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and reduced functional capacity; (3). association of depression with greater coronary disease severity; (4). nonadherence to cardiac prevention and treatment regimens; (5). lower heart rate variability (HRV) reflecting altered cardiac autonomic tone; (6). increased platelet aggregation; and (7). inflammatory processes. Despite recent advances in our understanding of these potential mechanisms, further research is needed to determine how depression increases risk for cardiac morbidity and mortality.

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  • Major depressive disorder is a consistent predictor of the subsequent first onset of coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, heart attacks, and certain types of cancer, though evidence about major depressive disorder as a cause of physical disorders is spotty.

    “we know from meta-analyses of longitudinal studies that MDD is a consistent predictor of the subsequent first onset of coronary artery disease,97, 98 stroke,99 diabetes,100 heart attacks ,101, 102 and certain types of cancer.103”

    From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [103]

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Authors
Carney, R. M., Freedland, K. E., Miller, G. E., & Jaffe, A. S.
Affiliations
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author
Carney, Robert M
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-10
Volume
53
Issue
4
Pages
897-902
ISSN
0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00311-2
OpenAlex
W91600810
Cited by
746
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 51
FWCI
4.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • American Heart Association
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL058946, U01 HL58946, R01 HL65356, R01HL065356)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords
depression, cardiac mortality, coronary artery disease, cardiac morbidity, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, functional capacity, medication non-adherence, heart rate variability, cardiac autonomic tone, platelet aggregation, inflammation
MeSH terms
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Chronic Disease, Coronary Disease, Depressive Disorder, Heart Rate, Humans, Patient Compliance, Platelet Aggregation, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Comorbidity

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