Cited by 1,264Child Abuse and TraumaIntimate Partner and Family ViolenceCrime Patterns and Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

Open access

Finkelhor, David, Turner, Heather A., Shattuck, Anne, Hamby, Sherry L.·2015·JAMA Pediatrics

DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: It is important to estimate the burden of and trends for violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of children. OBJECTIVE: To provide health care professionals, policy makers, and parents with current estimates of exposure to violence, crime, and abuse across childhood and at different developmental stages. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) includes a representative sample of US telephone numbers from August 28, 2013, to April 30, 2014. Via telephone interviews, information was obtained on 4000 children 0 to 17 years old, with information about exposure to violence, crime, and abuse provided by youth 10 to 17 years old and by caregivers for children 0 to 9 years old. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Exposure to violence, crime, and abuse using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 37.3% of youth experienced a physical assault in the study year, and 9.3% of youth experienced an assault-related injury. Two percent of girls experienced sexual assault or sexual abuse in the study year, while the rate was 4.6% for girls 14 to 17 years old. Overall, 15.2% of children and youth experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including 5.0% who experienced physical abuse. In total, 5.8% witnessed an assault between parents. Only 2 significant rate changes could be detected compared with the last survey in 2011, namely, declines in past-year exposure to dating violence and lifetime exposure to household theft. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children and youth are exposed to violence, abuse, and crime in varied and extensive ways, which justifies continued monitoring and prevention efforts.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

What's the Relative Risk?: A Method of Correcting the Odds Ratio in Cohort Studies of Common Outcomes
Zhang, J., & Yu, K. F. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.19.1690 · Cited by 4,138
Identification of child maltreatment with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales: development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents.
Straus, M., Hamby, S., Finkelhor, D., Moore, D. W., & Runyan, D. K. (1998) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00174-9 · Cited by 2,528
Self-citation
Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization
Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.06.008 · Cited by 2,214
Self-citation
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
(2014) · International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who · doi:10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_sim_org_2298 · Cited by 1,395
Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-4): Report to Congress
Sedlak, A. J. (2010) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · Cited by 960
Changes in Telephone Survey Nonresponse over the Past Quarter Century
Curtin, R. T., Presser, S., & Singer, E. (2005) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfi002 · Cited by 929
The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: reliability, validity, and national norms.
Finkelhor, D., Hamby, S., Ormrod, R., & Turner, H. (2005) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.11.001 · Cited by 860
Self-citation
Poly-Victimization in a National Sample of Children and Youth
Turner, H. A., Finkelhor, D., & Ormrod, R. K. (2010) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.11.012 · Cited by 823
Self-citation
Violence, Crime, and Abuse Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth
David Finkelhor, B., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2013) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.42 · Cited by 781
Self-citation
Bullying surveillance among youths : uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements, Version 1.0
Gladden, R. M., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Hamburger, M. E., & Lumpkin, C. D. (2014) · Cited by 586

Show all 33 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Finkelhor D, Hamby SL, Ormrod RK, Turner HA. The JVQ: reliability, validity, and national norms. Child Abuse Negl. 2005;29(4):383-412.
Finkelhor D, Ormrod RK, Turner HA, Hamby SL. Measuring poly-victimization using the JVQ. Child Abuse Negl. 2005;29(11):1297-1312.
Kilpatrick DG, Saunders BE, Smith DW. Youth Victimization: Prevalence & Implications. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Dept of Justice; 2003. NCJ 194972.

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,000

Systemic Factors Associated With Prosocial Skills and Maladaptive Functioning in Youth Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Howell, K. H., Thurston, I. B., Hasselle, A. J., Decker, K. M., & Jamison, L. E. (2018) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260518766420 · Cited by 13
Childhood adversity and developmental trajectories of alcohol and cannabis co-use
Davis, J. P., Pedersen, E. R., Tucker, J. S., Dunbar, M. S., Rodriguez, A., Seelam, R., & D’Amico, E. J. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106238 · Cited by 9
Development of risk prediction models for depression combining genetic and early life risk factors
Lu, T., Silveira, P. P., & Greenwood, C. M. T. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1143496 · Cited by 10
“, 2015), have been widely recognized as risk factors for psychiatric diseases, high-risk behaviors, and other adverse health outcomes (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Metts et al., 2023).”
Background
Health Care Access and Use Among U.S. Children Exposed to Neighborhood Violence
Khazanchi, R., South, E. C., Cabrera, K. I., Winkelman, T. N. A., & Vasan, A. (2024) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.009 · Cited by 9
The cycle of violence: effects of violence experience, behavior, and attitudes on adolescents’ peer rejection networks
Favre, C., Garrote, A., Kassis, W., Bacher, J., Wullschleger, A., & Aksoy, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1359558 · Cited by 11
The severity of perceived stress associated with community violence exposure and its role in future posttraumatic stress: findings from a longitudinal study of U.S. adolescents
Isaksson, J., Nyman, S., Schwab‐Stone, M., Stickley, A., & Ruchkin, V. V. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00813-0 · Cited by 9
Has This Child Experienced Physical Abuse?
Shah, S. N., Fong, H., Haney, S. B., Harper, N. S., Pierce, M. C., & Neuman, M. I. (2025) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2025.2216 · Cited by 12
Unseen Costs: The Direct and Indirect Impact of U.S. Immigration Policies on Child and Adolescent Health and Well‐Being
Mattingly, T. J., Kiser, L. J., Hill, S., Briggs, E. C., Trunzo, C. P., Zafarí, Z., & Betancourt, T. S. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22576 · Cited by 9
Sex differences in poly-victimization among youth experiencing homelessness prior to substance use treatment
DiGuiseppi, G., Ring, C. R., Rice, E. R. W., & Davis, J. P. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105670 · Cited by 10
Adolescent-Adult Social Networks and Experiences of Violence Among Black Youth in Neighborhoods With High Levels of Community Violence
Culyba, A. J., Riley, A., Corona, G., Miller, E. P., & Carley, K. M. (2022) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.010 · Cited by 10
“I’m Glad That I Was Given a Second Chance to Live”: the Buffering Impact of Turning Points in the Lives of Young People with Foster Care Experience
Taussig, H. N., Roberts, L., Scourfield, J., & Franz, C. (2022) · International Journal on Child Maltreatment Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s42448-022-00129-6 · Cited by 11
“In studies of the general population and in high-risk samples, the number of ACEs has been found to be linearly associated with later adverse outcomes, including physical and mental health problems, criminal behavior, and substance use (Baldwin et al., 2021; Felitti et al., 1998; Finkelhor et al., 2015; Godoy et al.,…”
Background
Emerging Ideas: Is sibling aggression as scary as peer aggression in childhood and adolescence?
Tucker, C. J., David Finkelhor, B., & Turner, H. A. (2023) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12844 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
The Potential for Anti-Stigma Interventions to Change Public Attitudes Toward Minor-Attracted Persons: A Replication and Extension of Jara and Jeglic’s Study
McKillop, N., & Price, S. (2023) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2023.2204864 · Cited by 9
“Certainly, available prevalence rates show a significant proportion of children are affected by offline and online sexual abuse globally (e.g., Barth et al., 2012; Finkelhor et al., 2014, 2022; Moody et al., 2018; Stoltenborgh et al., 2011, 2014).”
Background
Reducing Family Violence Through Child Welfare Intervention: A Propensity Score-Matched Study of Fathers for Change
Beebe, R., Fish, M. C., Grasso, D. J., Bernstein, B. A., DiVietro, S., & Stover, C. S. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231186121 · Cited by 9
Initial Medical Assessment of Possible Child Sexual Abuse: History, History, History
Dubowitz, H., Finkel, M. A., Feigelman, S., & Lyon, T. D. (2023) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2023.11.013 · Cited by 9
Pharmacologic Considerations for Youth with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Keeshin, B. R., & Strawn, J. R. (2017) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.2017.28.1.14 · Cited by 9
Cyberbullying Prevention and Intervention: Promising Approaches and Recommendations for Further Evaluation
Agatston, P. W., & Limber, S. P. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95414-1_5 · Cited by 10
Psychic Song and Dance: Dissociation and Duets in the Analysis of Trauma
Purcell, S. D. (2019) · The Psychoanalytic Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00332828.2019.1587975 · Cited by 9
“Reportable abuse—and, presumably, “Big T” traumas—among children is shockingly prevalent (Finkelor 2015).”
Background
Poly-victimization and opioid use during late adolescence and young adulthood: Health behavior disparities and protective factors.
Davis, J. P., Tucker, J. S., Dunbar, M. S., Seelam, R., & D’Amico, E. J. (2021) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000770 · Cited by 9
“We took turns”: How do child victims of intrafamilial child sexual abuse perceive and experience their siblings?
Katz, C., Tener, D., & Hindi, I. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106227 · Cited by 9
Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes among American Indians with type 2 diabetes
Elma, J. H. L., Hautalab, D., Abrahamson-Richards, T., & Wallsb, M. L. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105326 · Cited by 9
Peer Status as a Potential Risk or Protective Factor: A Latent Profile Analysis on Peer Status and Its Association with Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents with and without Parental Physical Abuse Experience
Favre, C. A., Aksoy, D., Janousch, C., & Garrote, A. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9050599 · Cited by 10
“With about a 20% prevalence, the present study confirms the alarming international finding that one in five adolescents in Switzerland experience parental physical abuse [3,5].”
BackgroundResult
Homeschooling and Child Safety: Are Kids Safer at Home
Dills, A. K. (2022) · Journal of School Choice · doi:10.1080/15582159.2022.2113355 · Cited by 9
Building a Transdisciplinary Team to Prevent Intimate Partner Homicide: A Research Note
Pizarro, J. M., Messing, J. T., AbiNader, M. A., Zeoli, A. M., Spearman, K. J., & Campbell, J. C. (2023) · Homicide Studies · doi:10.1177/10887679231178786 · Cited by 9
“It is estimated that up to one in four children in the U.S. experience parental/caregiver IPV in their childhood (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
Childhood Polyvictimization and the Life Course: Associations With Depression and Crime
Carbonaro, R. (2019) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00099 · Cited by 9
“There is a vast literature examining the severe negative effects of child victimization across a number of outcomes, including behavioral and mental health (e.g., Flynn et al., 2015).”
Background
Youth Civic Action Across the United States: Projects, Priorities, and Approaches
Gustafson, E., Cohen, A. K., & Andes, S. (2019) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x19883737 · Cited by 9
Violence exposure among Chinese middle school students: Characteristics and influencing factors
Wang, W., Qian, Y., Wang, Y., & Ma, Y. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105000 · Cited by 9
The Implications of Self-Definitions of Child Sexual Abuse for Understanding Socioemotional Adaptation in Young Adulthood
Linde-Krieger, L. B., Moon, C. M., & Yates, T. M. (2020) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2020.1841352 · Cited by 10
“As expected, females endorsed higher rates of CSA than males (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Stoltenborgh et al., 2011).”
Background
Relationships between parental mental illness and/or offending and offspring contact with the police in childhood: Findings from a longitudinal record‐linkage study
Athanassiou, U., Green, M. J., Tzoumakis, S., Whitten, T., Laurens, K. R., Harris, F. A. J., Carr, V. J., & Dean, K. (2023) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.2274 · Cited by 7
“…likelihood of offending (Farrell & Zimmerman, 2018; Hartinger-Saunders et al., 2011) and re-victimisation (Athanassiou et al., 2021; Ellonen & Salmi, 2011), in addition to the link between indirect exposure to violence and risk of direct victimisation (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Hamby et al., 2010).”
Background
Adolescent delinquency: The role of early childhood exposure to intimate partner violence
Cheung, S., & Huang, C. (2023) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12949 · Cited by 12
Maternal childhood maltreatment trauma resolution: Development of a novel narrative coding measure and implications for intergenerational parenting processes
Swerbenski, H. G., Sturge‐Apple, M. L., Messina, G., Toth, S. L., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2023) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579423001256 · Cited by 8
“Millions of children are abused and neglected each year, impacting 1 in 4 children ages 0–17 (Afifi & Macmillan, 2011; Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Mixed Methods Illustration of Teachers’ Trauma-Informed Attitudes and Practice
Russell, B. S., Wink, M. N., & Hutchison, M. (2023) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-023-00583-5 · Cited by 16
“…witnessing or being a victim of a crime, and experiencing mental and/ or physical abuse include physically or emotionally harmful occurrences, which may or may not be life threatening, have lasting adverse effects on mental, physical, social, or emotional well-being (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
‘Life should go on’: a qualitative inquiry of parental reactions, experiences, and perceived needs following adolescents’ recent traumatic exposure
Kerbage, H., Elbejjani, M., El‐Hage, W., & Purper‐Ouakil, D. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2299660 · Cited by 8
“Children and adolescents worldwide are subject to alarmingly high rates of sexual abuse, physical assaults, violent accidents, and other potentially traumatic events (PTEs), such as war and displacement (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Lewis et al., 2019).”
Background
Systematic review of the impacts of childhood exposure to domestic violence among college students
Ravi, K. E., Lawler, A., Haselschwerdt, M. L., Lucca, C. C., & Niederhauser, V. P. (2024) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2024.101931 · Cited by 10
“Something’s got to give”: A Qualitative Exploration of Policies and Practices by Child Welfare Services in Cases of Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence in Ontario, Canada
O’Connor, C., Alaggia, R., & Nixon, K. (2024) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-024-00700-4 · Cited by 8
“A US survey found that 25% of children aged 14 to 17 had directly witnessed one of their caregivers assault another (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
EMDR–Teens–cPTSD: Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Adolescents with Complex PTSD Secondary to Childhood Abuse: A Case Series
Rolling, J., Fath, M., Zanfonato, T., Durpoix, A., Mengin, A. C., & Schroder, C. M. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12191993 · Cited by 13
“…been victims of maltreatment by the person who took care of them with 5.8% who would have witnessed domestic violence between parents, 5% reporting having suffered physical violence, and 2% of girls reporting having suffered sexual abuse (National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence) [4].”
BackgroundInfluential
Child Protection Responses to Domestic Violence Exposure: Co-Occurring Safety Concerns and Investigation Outcomes
Rebbe, R., Victor, B. G., Cuccaro-Alamin, S., & Palmer, L. (2024) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595241301085 · Cited by 8
“National estimates suggest that 16% of children in the United States are exposed to parental domestic violence at some point prior to adulthood (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Emotional regulatory flexibility mitigates effects of school-related stress
Harel, O., Hemi, A., & Levy‐Gigi, E. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-10708-5 · Cited by 11
Sibling Aggression and Abuse: Invisible and Widespread Public Health Problems
Tucker, C. J., Whitworth, T. R., & Perkins, N. H. (2025) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2024.307983 · Cited by 8
Should failure to protect laws include physical and emotional sibling violence?
Perkins, N. H., & Barry, J. E. (2019) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12643 · Cited by 8
Trauma from Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence as a Potential Risk Factor for Elder Abuse
Spira, M. K., Perkins, N. H., & Gilman, A. H. (2020) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1080/01634372.2020.1733728 · Cited by 8
Disparities by Gender and Race/Ethnicity in Child Maltreatment and Memory Performance
Brown, M. J., Jiang, Y., Hung, P., Haider, M. R., & Crouch, E. L. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211015222 · Cited by 12
“As of 2014, one in four children experience some form of maltreatment, including abuse and neglect, in their lifetimes (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
MSW students’ experiences with ACEs and capacity to address sibling violence: a pilot study
Perkins, N. H., Shadik, J. A., Cales, M. A., & Ortiz, S. P. (2021) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2021.1967311 · Cited by 8
“and antisocial behavior in children (Finkelhor et al., 2015) and adults (Khodabandeh et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
The Role of Emotion Dysregulation in the Links Between Sibling Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms in Middle Childhood
Fite, P. J., Cooley, J. L., Tampke, E. C., Hesse, D. R., & Doyle, R. L. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-022-09956-w · Cited by 9
Intimate Partner Violence, Child Care, and Children’s Behavioral Outcomes
Nicholson, J. H., & Ha, Y. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-022-00464-9 · Cited by 8
“More than 60% of preschool age children in the U.S. are regularly cared for by non-parental caregivers (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013), and a growing literature shows the potential for non-parental child care (i.e., regular care provided by non-primary caregivers) to buffer the negative effects of early adversity on childr…”
Influential
Potential challenges and future implications for trauma-informed approaches in schools
Phung, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.1040980 · Cited by 7
“alter brain architecture by excessive activation of the body’s stress response, and ultimately impact physical health, mental health, learning, and behavior (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019a).”
Background
“How Can I Be a Victim When I Have children?” Abused Men’s Perceptions of Their Children’s Exposure to Domestic Violence
Lysova, A. V., Hanson, K., & Hines, D. A. (2023) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2023.2186300 · Cited by 8
Shared and unique characteristics of school, cyber and family victimization among school‐aged children in Hong Kong
Chen, Q., Lo, C. K. M., Chen, M., Chan, K. L., & Ip, P. (2023) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.13019 · Cited by 8
Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence in Childhood and Attachment in Close Relationships in Adulthood
Perkins, N. H., & Lees, E. R. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231179723 · Cited by 8
Advanced child tax credit payments and national child abuse hotline contacts, 2019–2022
Merrill-Francis, M., Chen, M. S., Dunphy, C., Swedo, E. A., Kudon, H. Z., Metzler, M. M., Mercy, J. A., Zhang, X., Rogers, T. M., & Shortt, J. W. (2024) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip-2023-045130 · Cited by 8
Trauma and mental health in Pacific Islanders
Subica, A. M., Soakai, L., Tukumoeatu, A., Johnson, T., & Aitaoto, N. (2024) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640241236109 · Cited by 8
“Notably, NH/PIs’ rates of childhood abuse substantially exceeded U.S. population rates with NH/PI women’s and men’s childhood sexual abuse rates of 22% and 21%, respectively, greatly surpassing the 14% and 6% sexual abuse rates for U.S. women and men, respectively (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
Exposure to community violence as a mechanism linking neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and neural responses to reward
Westerman, H. B., Suarez, G. L., Richmond‐Rakerd, L. S., Nusslock, R., Klump, K. L., Burt, S. A., & Hyde, L. W. (2024) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsae029 · Cited by 9
“In the USA, 67.5% of children have heard about, witnessed or been the target of violence, with 50% reporting multiple exposures (Finkelhor et al ., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluential
Psychosocial interventions for violence exposed youth – A systematic review
Lindert, J., Jakubauskienė, M., Natan, M., Wehrwein, A., Bain, P. A., Schmahl, C. G., Kamenov, K., Carta, M. G., & Cabello, M. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104530 · Cited by 12
Threat-specific maltreatment exposure: Comparison of measurement models and associations with internalizing, externalizing, and PTSD symptoms
Lombera, M. A., Lee, A. H., Sharma-Patel, K., & Brown, E. J. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105010 · Cited by 9
Trends of 20 Health Risk Behaviours Among Adolescents in Morocco: Results of Three National Cross-Sectional School Surveys of 2006, 2010 and 2016
Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2021) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s283137 · Cited by 8
Examining the overlap of young people’s early contact with the police as a person of interest and victim or witness
Athanassiou, U., Whitten, T., Tzoumakis, S., Hindmarsh, G., Laurens, K. R., Harris, F. A. J., Carr, V. J., Green, M. J., & Dean, K. (2021) · Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/26338076211014594 · Cited by 8
Childhood Violence Exposure, Inflammation, and Cardiometabolic Health
Finegood, E. D., & Miller, G. E. (2021) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_283 · Cited by 8
No child is an island – The life situation before and during treatment for children exposed to family violence
Onsjö, M., Strand, J., & Axberg, U. (2022) · Human Systems: Therapy, Culture and Attachments · doi:10.1177/26344041221078221 · Cited by 6
“Children worldwide experience maltreatment and violence in their families, which increases their risk of developing serious mental illness (Felitti et al., 1998; Finkelhor et al., 2015; Kloppen et al., 2015).”
Background
Prevalence and Impact of Exposure to Childhood Domestic Violence on College Students’ Health and Perceived Academic Success
Ravi, K. E., Haselschwerdt, M. L., & Niederhauser, V. P. (2022) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2022.2130021 · Cited by 8
Beliefs About Aggression as Mediators of Relations Between Community Violence Exposure and Aggressive Behavior Among Adolescents: Review and Recommendations
Pittman, S. K. (2022) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-022-00417-0 · Cited by 8
Comparison of Trauma and Burn Evaluations in a Pediatric Emergency Department During Pre, Early and Late COVID-19 Pandemic
Kannikeswaran, N., Ehrman, R. R., Vitale, L. C., Oag, K., Sundaralingam, S., Spencer, P., Donoghue, L. J., & Sethuraman, U. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.03.008 · Cited by 8
Sexual and Physical Victimization and Health Correlates Among Norwegian Adolescents
Frøyland, L. R., Pedersen, W., Stefansen, K., & von Soest, T. (2023) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02604-8 · Cited by 8
“Similarly, the cross-national Violence Against Children Surveys (Chiang et al., 2016) reported lifetime prevalence rates of over 20% for sexual victimization and 50% for physical victimization in eight participating countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia.”
Background
Neighborhood collective efficacy and environmental exposure to firearm homicide among a national sample of adolescents
Aubel, A. J., Bruns, A., Zhang, X., Buggs, S., & Kravitz‐Wirtz, N. (2023) · Injury Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s40621-023-00435-8 · Cited by 8
“Beyond fatal and nonfatal injuries, research estimates that 13% of youth aged 14–17 have heard gunshots or seen someone shot in their lifetime (Finkelhor et al. 2015).”
Background
Entwicklungstraumastörung (ETS) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Ergebnisse einer Patientenpopulation der kinder- und jugend-psychiatrischen Spezialsprechstunde „Gewalt und Trauma“
Metzner, F., Dahm, K., Richter‐Appelt, H., Pawils, S., Moulaa-Edmondson, M. J., & Stellermann-Strehlow, K. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000578 · Cited by 8
An evaluation of welfare and child welfare system integration on rates of child maltreatment in Colorado
Latzman, N. E., Lokey, C. N., Lesesne, C. A., Klevens, J., Cheung, K., Condron, D. S., & Garraza, L. G. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.009 · Cited by 9
Evaluating the Implementation of Bounce Back: Clinicians’ Perspectives on a School-Based Trauma Intervention
Distel, L. M. L., Torres, S. A., Ros, A. M., Brewer, S. K., Raviv, T., Coyne, C. A., Baker, S., Kolski, C., Smith, M. L., & Santiago, C. D. (2019) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2019.1565501 · Cited by 8
Childhood family violence and officer responses to officer-involved domestic violence: Effects of cumulative and resolved trauma
Prost, S. G., Saunders, D. G., & Oehme, K. (2020) · International Journal of Police Science & Management · doi:10.1177/1461355720907641 · Cited by 8
“In a national study, the rate of child physical abuse was 5% and the rate of child emotional abuse was 9% (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
Developmental Differences in the Association of Peer Relationships with Traumatic Stress Symptoms
Sokol, R. L., Zimmerman, M. A., Perron, B. E., Rosenblum, K. L., Muzik, M., & Miller, A. L. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01125-3 · Cited by 11
Trauma-Informed Schools: Implications for Special Education and School Counseling
Maddox, R. P., Rujimora, J., Nichols, L. M., Williams, M. K., Hunt, T. J., & Carter, R. A. (2022) · Teaching Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/00400599221107142 · Cited by 7
“Finkelhor et al. (2015) conducted a national survey with results indicating that in a single year, approximately 61% of children experienced direct exposure to at least one incident of violence, crime, or abuse.”
The association between witnessing firearm violence and firearm carriage: Results from a national study of teens
Sokol, R. L., Haasz, M., Zimmerman, M. A., Cunningham, R. M., & Carter, P. M. (2023) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107516 · Cited by 7
Contamination in Observational Research on Child Maltreatment: A Conceptual and Empirical Review With Implications for Future Research
Shenk, C. E., Shores, K., Ram, N., Felt, J. M., Chimed‐Ochir, U., Olson, A. E., & Fisher, Z. F. (2023) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595231224472 · Cited by 7
The association of childhood trauma with suicidality in adult psychiatric patients: The mediating role of NSSI and the moderating role of self‐esteem
Zhou, J., Hu, T., Xue, S., Dong, Z., & Tang, W. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23646 · Cited by 7
Amplifying marginalized voices: The necessity of anonymity for diversity and inclusivity in qualitative research
Adams, B. L. (2025) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/14687941251350901 · Cited by 7
“…childhood violence and then perpetrating violence in college dating relationships (e.g. Gover et al., 2008; Manchikanti Gómez, 2011), relies on static and categorical conceptions of childhood abuse, despite the possibility that forms of abuse change as children develop (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
A meta-analytic review of child maltreatment and interoception
Ditzer, J., Woll-Weber, C. F. J., Burger, C., Ernst, A., Boehm, I., Garthus‐Niegel, S., & Zietlow, A. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00456-w · Cited by 7
Nicotine treatment buffers negative behavioral consequences induced by exposure to physical and emotional stress in adolescent male mice
Parise, L. F., Sial, O. K., Warren, B. L., Sattler, C. R., Duperrouzel, J. C., Parise, E. M., & Bolaños‐Guzmán, C. A. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05598-6 · Cited by 7
How can services be improved to effectively address the mental health of vulnerable children and young people?
Lidchi, V., & Wiener, A. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104648 · Cited by 7
From Human Resources to Human Rights
Reichman, W., & Carr, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607.030 · Cited by 7
Conduct Problems As a Pathway From Childhood Adversity to Community Violence Exposure: The Protective Roles of Caregiver Knowledge and Involvement
Evans, M. C., Duong, J. B., Morelli, N. M., Hong, K., Voss, C., Mendez, L., Garcia, J., Elzie, X., & Villodas, M. T. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221081932 · Cited by 7
“…health outcomes (Fowler et al., 2009; Wright et al., 2017), ECV (both direct and indirect) has typically been measured separately from other forms of ACEs, which may lead to an underestimation of the full burden of the adversities children and adolescents experience (Finkelhor et al., 2015a).”
Background
The Reach of Johnson’s Typology of Intimate Partner Violence: a Scoping Review of Empirical Research, 1996–2020
Cares, A. C., Khallouq, B. A. B., & Mukazhanova-Powell, K. (2023) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-023-00602-x · Cited by 7
“IPV indirectly impacts millions of others, as 16% of children in the U.S. witness IPV in their lifetime (Finkelhor et al., 2015) and the economic burden of IPV victimization in the U.S. over the lifetime of the victims was estimated to be $3.6 trillion in 2014 dollars (Peterson et al., 2018).”
Influential
Early Childhood Violence Exposure Patterns in The Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS)
Tsunga, L., Lake, M. T., Halligan, S. L., Malcolm‐Smith, S., Hoffman, N., Heron, J., Zar, H. J., Fraser, A., Donald, K. A., & Stein, D. J. (2023) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18598.2 · Cited by 7
“…that older boys reported more exposure to violence than girls (Falconer et al ., 2021; Kaminer et al ., 2013b; Kaminer et al ., 2013d; Shields et al ., 2008) whilst others found no differences in reported exposure to violence (Asagba et al ., 2021; Finkelhor et al ., 2015; Sternberg et al ., 2006).”
Routine Emergency Department Screening to Decrease Subsequent Physical Abuse
Lindberg, D. M., Peterson, R., Orsi, R., Chen, P. C. B., Kille, B., Rademacher, J., Hensen, C., Listman, D. A., & Ong, T. C. (2024) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.04.025 · Cited by 7
A short screen for lifetime sexual victimization experiences: Expanding research on the Sexual Abuse History Questionnaire (SAHQ) across cultures, genders, and sexual identities
Nagy, L., Bergeron, S., Koós, M., Gewirtz‐Meydan, A., Vaillancourt‐Morel, M., Kraus, S. W., Potenza, M. N., Demetrovics, Z., Dupuis-Fortier, F., Ballester‐Arnal, R., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100535 · Cited by 7
“Systematic reviews and meta-analyses report that 15 – 35 % of girls and 5 – 20 % of boys have experienced CSA worldwide (Andersson et al., 2020; Barth et al., 2013; Finkelhor et al., 2015; Kloppen et al., 2016; Ma, 2018; Pereda et al., 2009; Stoltenborgh et al., 2011).”
Childhood Victimization, Cognitive Schemas, and Unwanted Consensual Sex Among College Students
Goodman, L. C., Hamilton, L., Koerten, H. R., Mattei, G. M., Froemming, M. W., & Dubow, E. F. (2019) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2019.1595258 · Cited by 7
“However, many youth experience multiple types of victimization simultaneously or sequentially before the age of 18 (i.e., polyvictimization; Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
Applied and Translational Research on Trauma‐Responsive Programs and Policy: Introduction to a Special Issue of the American Journal of Community Psychology
Herrenkohl, T. I., Mersky, J. P., & Topitzes, J. (2019) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12402 · Cited by 8
Do animal Cruelty Exposure and Positive Engagement with Pets Moderate Associations Between Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Externalizing Behavior Problems?
Matijczak, A., McDonald, S. E., O’Connor, K. E., George, N., Tomlinson, C. A., Murphy, J. L., Ascione, F. R., & Williams, J. H. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-020-00702-3 · Cited by 7
Dealing with the day‐to‐day: Harnessing school climate to address the effects of student victimization on academic performance
Cuellar, M. J., Coyle, S., & Weinreb, K. S. (2021) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22560 · Cited by 7
Public policy and parent-child aggression: Considerations for reducing and preventing physical punishment and abuse
McGuier, E. A., Kolko, D. J., & Dubowitz, H. (2021) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2021.101635 · Cited by 7
Pathways From Witnessing Parental Intimate Partner Violence to Involvement in Bullying: Empirically Testing a Proposed Conceptual Framework
Hong, J. S., Lee, J., McCloskey, L. A., Victor, B. G., Wei, H.-S., & Voisin, D. R. (2021) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-021-00647-y · Cited by 7
Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure
Delaney, S., Hidalgo, A. P. C., White, T. J. H., Haneuse, S., Ressler, K. J., Tiemeier, H. W., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101033 · Cited by 10
Epidemiology of Childhood Witnessing Domestic Violence and Exploration of Its Relationships With Affective Lability and Suicide Attempts in Chinese Young Adults
Gong, J., Zhou, L., Zhao, L., Zhang, S., Chen, Z., & Liu, J. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211072221 · Cited by 7
“(Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Exposure to Intimate-Partner Violence and Resilience Trajectories of Adolescents: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Latent Transition Analysis
Aksoy, D., Simões, C., & Favre, C. A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095676 · Cited by 10
Evaluation of Midlife Educational Attainment Among Attendees of a Comprehensive Early Childhood Education Program in the Context of Early Adverse Childhood Experiences
Giovanelli, A., Mondi, C., Reynolds, A., & Ou, S.-R. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.19372 · Cited by 5
Mental Illness Following Physical Assault Among Children
Archambault, É., Vigod, S. N., Brown, H. K., Lu, H., Fung, K., Shouldice, M., & Saunders, N. R. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.29172 · Cited by 7
Longitudinal associations between community violence exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms
Isaksson, M., Isaksson, J., Schwab‐Stone, M., & Ruchkin, V. V. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-00965-6 · Cited by 8
“Adolescents girls have an 8–10-fold higher risk of developing ED symptoms than boys [40], whereas CVE is more commonly reported by boys than girls [19, 29].”
Background
Risk factors for violence-related injuries in emergency departments: a Danish linkage study
Murphy, S., Kruse, M., Elklit, A., & Brink, O. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1606627 · Cited by 7
Rigorous Research on Existing Child Maltreatment Prevention Programs: Introduction to the Special Section
Eddy, J. M., & Sneddon, D. (2019) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-019-01058-6 · Cited by 7
“Lifetime estimates for children aged 14 to 17 years are 18.1% for physical abuse and 23.9% for emotional abuse (Finkelhor et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluential
‘Web of Violence’, Depression, and Impairment in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents
Benton, T. D., Jones, J. D., Julye, S., Butler, L. L., & Boyd, R. C. (2020) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-020-00157-1 · Cited by 7
Readiness assessment for implementation of a large scale child maltreatment prevention program in Qatar
Alansari, K., Hammadi, Z. A., Jilani, N. Z., Vaux, H., Shadaksharaiah, J. H., Al‐Eissa, M. A., Saleheen, H. N., & Almuneef, M. A. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104745 · Cited by 7
The Protective Effects of Social Support on Hypertension Among African American Adolescents Exposed to Violence
Hsieh, H., Heinze, J. E., Caruso, E. C., Scott, B. A., West, B. T., Mistry, R., Eisman, A. B., Assari, S., Buu, A., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520969390 · Cited by 7
“In fact, in a nationally representative sample of youth, approximately 37% of adolescents aged 14–17 years old witnessed violence and 32% were physically assaulted during the study period between 2013 and 2014 (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
Gender-specific Trajectories of Maltreatment, School Engagement, and Delinquency: The Protective Role of School Engagement
Lee, S., Villagrana, M., & Tadesse, A. (2020) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2020.1860174 · Cited by 7
“…child maltreatment, it was estimated that females are 30% more likely to experience childhood sexual abuse than their male counterparts at 5% (Finkelhor et al., 2015) even though there are no official reports of gender differences in experiences of child maltreatment (U.S. Department of…”
Background

Authors: Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L.
Affiliations: Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham
University of New Hampshire (US)
Sewanee: The University of the South (US)
ORCID: Turner, Heather A.
Hamby, Sherry L.
Venue: JAMA Pediatrics
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2015-08-01
Volume: 169
Issue: 8
Pages: 746
ISSN: 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
2168-6203
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
OpenAlex: W1840653868
Cited by: 1,264
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 100 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 173 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 86.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords: childhood exposure to violence, child abuse, physical assault, sexual assault, dating violence, witnessing domestic violence, prevalence trends, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, child and adolescent health
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Crime, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Offenses, United States, Violence, Domestic Violence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks