Cited by 1,264Child Abuse and TraumaIntimate Partner and Family ViolenceCrime Patterns and Interventions

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Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

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Finkelhor, David, Turner, Heather A., Shattuck, Anne, Hamby, Sherry L.·2015·JAMA Pediatrics

DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676

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Abstract

IMPORTANCE: It is important to estimate the burden of and trends for violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of children. OBJECTIVE: To provide health care professionals, policy makers, and parents with current estimates of exposure to violence, crime, and abuse across childhood and at different developmental stages. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) includes a representative sample of US telephone numbers from August 28, 2013, to April 30, 2014. Via telephone interviews, information was obtained on 4000 children 0 to 17 years old, with information about exposure to violence, crime, and abuse provided by youth 10 to 17 years old and by caregivers for children 0 to 9 years old. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Exposure to violence, crime, and abuse using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 37.3% of youth experienced a physical assault in the study year, and 9.3% of youth experienced an assault-related injury. Two percent of girls experienced sexual assault or sexual abuse in the study year, while the rate was 4.6% for girls 14 to 17 years old. Overall, 15.2% of children and youth experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including 5.0% who experienced physical abuse. In total, 5.8% witnessed an assault between parents. Only 2 significant rate changes could be detected compared with the last survey in 2011, namely, declines in past-year exposure to dating violence and lifetime exposure to household theft. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children and youth are exposed to violence, abuse, and crime in varied and extensive ways, which justifies continued monitoring and prevention efforts.

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Finkelhor D, Hamby SL, Ormrod RK, Turner HA. The JVQ: reliability, validity, and national norms. Child Abuse Negl. 2005;29(4):383-412.
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Background
Applying polyvictimization theory to veterans: Associations with substance use and mental health.
Davis, J. P., Lee, D., Saba, S. K., Fitzke, R. E., Ring, C. R., Castro, C. C., & Pedersen, E. R. (2021) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000781 · Cited by 16
Racial Disparities in Child Physical and Sexual Abuse Substantiations: Associations with Childs’ and Accused Individuals’ Race
Atkinson, K. D., Fix, S. T., & Fix, R. L. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02403-0 · Cited by 16
“Rates of different forms of child abuse vary by gender, with most studies of CPA prevalence estimates indicating similar rates for both genders, ranging from 8–21% for girls and 11–31% for boys (Briere and Elliott, (2003); Finkelhor et al., 2015; MacMillan et al., 1997).”
Background
Initial development of tools to identify child abuse and neglect in pediatric primary care
Hanson, R. F., Zhu, V. J., Are, F. G., Espeleta, H. C., Wallis, E., Heider, P. M., Kautz, M. M., & Lenert, L. A. (2023) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02361-7 · Cited by 16
Let it go, let it go: Stop measuring child maltreatment as a binary yes/no
McGuire, A., Singh, M., & Jackson, Y. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106994 · Cited by 18
Associations of childhood bullying victimization with lifetime suicidal behaviors among new U.S. Army soldiers
Campbell‐Sills, L., Kessler, R. C., Ursano, R. J., Rosellini, A. J., Afifi, T. O., Colpe, L. J., Heeringa, S. G., Nock, M. K., Sampson, N. A., Sareen, J., et al. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22621 · Cited by 16
Traumatic Experience, Polytraumatization, and Perinatal Depression in a Diverse Sample of Adolescent Mothers
Killian-Farrell, C., Rizo, C. F., Lombardi, B. M., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., & Bledsoe, S. E. (2017) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260517726410 · Cited by 21
A Framework for Child Well-Being in the Gulf Countries
Lansford, J. E., Brik, A. B., & Fara, H. A. (2019) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-019-9620-5 · Cited by 16
Sensitive Periods for the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and BMI
Sokol, R. L., Gottfredson, N. C., Poti, J. M., Shanahan, M. E., Halpern, C. T., Fisher, E. B., & Ennett, S. T. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.05.016 · Cited by 15
Sex Differences in Problem Alcohol Use in High School as a Function of Recent Sexual Violence Victimization or Perpetration
Badour, C. L., Bell, S. C., Clear, E. R., Bush, H., & Coker, A. L. (2019) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-019-00116-5 · Cited by 17
Relationships Between Experiences of Sibling Physical Aggression and Lifetime Aggression Using Statistical Controls for Poly-Victimization
Mangold, A. C., & King, A. R. (2020) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-020-00134-8 · Cited by 16
Natural mentoring relationships among survivors of caregiver childhood abuse: findings from the Add Health Study
Weber, E., Hagler, M., Parnes, M. F., Schwartz, S. E. O., Rhodes, J. E., & Erickson, L. D. (2020) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14313 · Cited by 17
Social determinants of health, personalized medicine, and child maltreatment
Lane, W. G., & Dubowitz, H. (2020) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-020-01290-9 · Cited by 18
Gender Differences in Witnessing and the Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence from the Perspective of Children in Finland
Hietamäki, J., Huttunen, M., & Husso, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094724 · Cited by 16
“2% of boys had witnessed IPV within the past year [6].”
Background
The Relationship Between Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and an Emotional–Behavioral Disability: A Scoping Review
Ravi, K. E., & Black, B. M. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020979846 · Cited by 18
“The Second National Children’s Exposure to Violence Survey of over 4,000 children found that one in four children have been directly exposed to a parental assault in their lifetime (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
Epidemiology of Trauma and Trauma-Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Mangelsdorf, S. N., & Alisic, E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46138-0_2 · Cited by 16
Post-traumatic stress as a pathway to psychopathology among adolescents at high-risk for victimization
Cromer, K. D., & Villodas, M. T. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.025 · Cited by 15
Sağlık Tedbiri Alınan Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Ruhsal Değerlendirmesi
Nasıroğlu, S. (2017) · Cukurova Medical Journal (Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi) · doi:10.17826/cutf.296421 · Cited by 15
Validating the Child Trauma Screen Among a Cross-Sectional Sample of Youth and Caregivers in Pediatric Primary Care
Lang, J. M., Connell, C. M., & Macary, S. J. (2021) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/00099228211005302 · Cited by 15
“21,22 The present cross-sectional study was developed to answer the following research questions: (1) does the CTS identify children within a pediatric primary care population and setting who are suffering from PTSD symptoms, compared with a longer validated measure of PTSD symptoms; and (2) what are the rates of trau…”
Background
Patterns of Childhood Adversities and Their Associations With Adult Victimization Among Incarcerated Men and Women in Spanish Prisons
Aizpurúa, E., Caravaca-Sánchez, F., & Wolff, N. (2022) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x221102845 · Cited by 15
“Indeed, girls and women, compared to boys and men, are more likely to report experiencing inappropriate sexual contact and non-consensual sexual acts, as well as emotional and physical harm (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Haahr-Pedersen et al., 2020; Stoltenborgh et al., 2011).”
Background
Living through the experience of sibling sexual abuse: parents’ perspectives
Westergren, M., Kjellgren, C., & Nygaard, K. (2023) · Journal of Sexual Aggression · doi:10.1080/13552600.2023.2225534 · Cited by 15
A Systematic Approach to Evaluate Sudden Unexplained Death in Children
Pries, A. M., Ruskamp, J. M., Edelenbos, E., Fuijkschot, J., Semmekrot, B. A., Verbruggen, K. T., van de Putte, E. M., & Puiman, P. J. (2023) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113780 · Cited by 15
Exposure to community violence as a mechanism linking neighborhood disadvantage to amygdala reactivity and the protective role of parental nurturance.
Suarez, G. L., Burt, S. A., Gard, A. M., Klump, K. L., & Hyde, L. W. (2024) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001712 · Cited by 24
Is All Dating Violence Equal? Gender and Severity Differences in Predictors of Perpetration
Ontiveros, G., Cantos, A. L., Chen, P., Charak, R., & O’Leary, K. D. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs10070118 · Cited by 15
Controlling contamination in child maltreatment research: Impact on effect size estimates for child behavior problems measured throughout childhood and adolescence
Shenk, C. E., Rausch, J. R., Shores, K., Allen, E. K., & Olson, A. E. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420002242 · Cited by 15
“Child Maltreatment 2017. b= US data on self-reported child maltreatment obtained from Finkelhor et al. (2015) participants with no instances of confirmed child maltreatment during this same age range were assigned to the No Confirmed Maltreatment level; a linear slope parameter, age, representing…”
Method
Health risk behaviours among adolescents in Argentina: trends between 2007, 2012 and 2018 national cross-sectional school surveys
Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2021) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02929-0 · Cited by 15
Exposure to parent assault on a sibling as a childhood adversity
Tucker, C. J., David Finkelhor, B., & Turner, H. A. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105310 · Cited by 15
“live with a sibling (Knop, 2020) and levels of family violence remain high (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Sibling, Peer, and Cyber Bullying Among Children and Adolescents: Co-occurrence and Implications for Their Adjustment
Dantchev, S., & Zemp, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.761276 · Cited by 15
Parenting in Fathers Who Have Exposed Their Children to Domestic Violence: Identifying Targets for Change
SCOTT, K. L., Thompson-Walsh, C., & Nsiri, A. (2018) · International Journal on Child Maltreatment Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s42448-018-0004-0 · Cited by 15
Is the childhood home food environment a confounder of the association between child maltreatment exposure and adult body mass index?
Mason, S. M., Santaularia, N. J., Berge, J. M., Larson, N., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2018) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.016 · Cited by 14
“Childhood maltreatment, including abuse and neglect by adult caregivers, is highly prevalent (Tjaden and Thoennes, 2000; Finkelhor et al., 2015) and has been consistently found to predict obesity (Danese and Tan, 2013; Schneiderman et al., 2012; Shin and Miller, 2012; Mason et al., 2015a; Noll et…”
Background
Household Chaos Moderates Indirect Pathways Involving Domestic Violence, Parenting Practices, and Behavior Problems among Preschool Children
Coe, J. L., Parade, S. H., Seifer, R., Frank, L., & Tyrka, A. R. (2019) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-019-00093-9 · Cited by 14
Women and men sexually violated by closely related perpetrators over a lifespan. Prevalence, revictimization, and association to adverse childhood conditions and experiences
Andersson, T., Pettersson, R., & Jacobsson, M. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104897 · Cited by 16
Social‐emotional competence trajectories from a school‐based child trauma symptom intervention in a disadvantaged community
Hutchison, M., Russell, B. S., & Wink, M. N. (2020) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22388 · Cited by 15
The Importance of Anti-Racism in Trauma-Informed Family Engagement
Piper, K. N., Elder, A., Renfro, T. L., Iwan, A., Ramirez, M. R., & Woods-Jaeger, B. A. (2021) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-021-01147-1 · Cited by 16
Benevolent Childhood Experiences and Childhood Maltreatment History: Examining Their Roles in Depressive Symptoms Across the Peripartum Period
Cárdenas, E. F., Kujawa, A., & Humphreys, K. L. (2022) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-022-00062-0 · Cited by 16
“, emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect), affect many children (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
The child and family traumatic stress intervention: Factors associated with symptom reduction for children receiving treatment
Stover, C. S., Hahn, H., Maciejewski, K. R., Epstein, C., & Marans, S. R. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105886 · Cited by 14
Adaptations of evidence-based trauma-focused interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review
Lange, B. C. L., Nelson, A. M., Lang, J. M., & Stirman, S. W. (2022) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-022-00348-5 · Cited by 16
Longitudinal Associations Between Community Violence Exposure and Mental Health Problems in Inner-City Youth: Ethnicity and Gender Perspectives
Ruchkin, V. V., Isaksson, J., Stickley, A., & Schwab‐Stone, M. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231158754 · Cited by 19
“Studies have shown that males are more likely to encounter violent events than females (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Koposov et al., 2021; Weist et al., 2001).”
Background

Authors: Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L.
Affiliations: Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham
University of New Hampshire (US)
Sewanee: The University of the South (US)
ORCID: Turner, Heather A.
Hamby, Sherry L.
Venue: JAMA Pediatrics
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2015-08-01
Volume: 169
Issue: 8
Pages: 746
ISSN: 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
2168-6203
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
OpenAlex: W1840653868
Cited by: 1,264
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 100 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 173 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 86.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords: childhood exposure to violence, child abuse, physical assault, sexual assault, dating violence, witnessing domestic violence, prevalence trends, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, child and adolescent health
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Crime, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Offenses, United States, Violence, Domestic Violence

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Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

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