Cited by 1,264Child Abuse and TraumaIntimate Partner and Family ViolenceCrime Patterns and Interventions

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Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

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Finkelhor, David, Turner, Heather A., Shattuck, Anne, Hamby, Sherry L.·2015·JAMA Pediatrics

DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676

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Abstract

IMPORTANCE: It is important to estimate the burden of and trends for violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of children. OBJECTIVE: To provide health care professionals, policy makers, and parents with current estimates of exposure to violence, crime, and abuse across childhood and at different developmental stages. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) includes a representative sample of US telephone numbers from August 28, 2013, to April 30, 2014. Via telephone interviews, information was obtained on 4000 children 0 to 17 years old, with information about exposure to violence, crime, and abuse provided by youth 10 to 17 years old and by caregivers for children 0 to 9 years old. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Exposure to violence, crime, and abuse using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 37.3% of youth experienced a physical assault in the study year, and 9.3% of youth experienced an assault-related injury. Two percent of girls experienced sexual assault or sexual abuse in the study year, while the rate was 4.6% for girls 14 to 17 years old. Overall, 15.2% of children and youth experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including 5.0% who experienced physical abuse. In total, 5.8% witnessed an assault between parents. Only 2 significant rate changes could be detected compared with the last survey in 2011, namely, declines in past-year exposure to dating violence and lifetime exposure to household theft. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children and youth are exposed to violence, abuse, and crime in varied and extensive ways, which justifies continued monitoring and prevention efforts.

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Mathews, B., Finkelhor, D., Pacella, R., Scott, J. G., Higgins, D. J., Meinck, F., Erskine, H. E., Thomas, H. J., Lawrence, D., Malacova, E., et al. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106562 · Cited by 85
Annual Research Review: Youth firearm violence disparities in the United States and implications for prevention
Bottiani, J. H., Camacho, D. A., Johnson, S. L., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2021) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13392 · Cited by 88
Deconstructing pathways to resilience: A systematic review of associations between psychosocial mechanisms and transdiagnostic adult mental health outcomes in the context of adverse childhood experiences
Panagou, C., & MacBeth, A. M. (2022) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2732 · Cited by 102
“Exposure to childhood adversity and its associated consequences constitutes a global problem (e.g., Finkelhor et al., 2015; Kessler et al., 2010; Lewis et al., 2019; Manyema & Richter, 2019).”
Background
Exposure to parental and community violence and the relationship to bullying perpetration and victimization among early adolescents: A parallel process growth mixture latent transition analysis
Davis, J. P., Ingram, K. M., Merrin, G. J., & Espelage, D. L. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12493 · Cited by 83
“– which is consistent with recent prevalence estimates that a larger proportion of youth report exposure to violence in the home compared to community (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Macmillan & Hagan, 2004).”
BackgroundResult
COVID-19: Differences in sentinel injury and child abuse reporting during a pandemic
Sharma, S., Wong, D., Schomberg, J., Knudsen-Robbins, C., Gibbs, D., Berkowitz, C. D., & Heyming, T. W. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104990 · Cited by 78
Trouble in the nest: Antecedents of sibling bullying victimization and perpetration.
Dantchev, S., & Dieter Wolke, C. (2019) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000700 · Cited by 76
A systematic review of factors associated with disclosure of child sexual abuse
Latiff, M. A., Fang, L., Goh, D. A., & Tan, L. J. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106564 · Cited by 89
The Scope, Nature, and Causes of Child Abuse and Neglect
Font, S. A., & Maguire‐Jack, K. (2020) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716220969642 · Cited by 74
Neighborhood characteristics and violence behind closed doors: The spatial overlap of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence
Enrique Gracia, A., López‐Quílez, A., Marco, M., & Lila, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198684 · Cited by 74
“Don’t Know where to Go for Help”: Safety and Economic Needs among Violence Survivors during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Wood, L., Baumler, E. R., Schrag, R. V., Guillot-Wright, S. P., Hairston, D., Temple, J. R., & Torres, E. D. (2021) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-020-00240-7 · Cited by 74
Assessment of Rates of Child Maltreatment in States With Medicaid Expansion vs States Without Medicaid Expansion
Brown, E. C. B., Garrison, M. M., Bao, H., Qu, P., Jenny, C., & Rowhani‐Rahbar, A. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5529 · Cited by 73
The Combination of Sibling Victimization and Parental Child Maltreatment on Mental Health Problems and Delinquency
van Berkel, S. R., Tucker, C. J., & David Finkelhor, B. (2018) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559517751670 · Cited by 72
“…national survey to obtain incidence and prevalence estimates of a wide range of childhood victimization types in the United States consisting of 4,000 completed interviews of children and adolescents aged 0–17 years from August 28, 2013, to April 30, 2014 (for details, see Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Understanding the Buffering Effects of Protective Factors on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Teen Dating Violence Perpetration
Davis, J. P., Ports, K. A., Basile, K. C., Espelage, D. L., & David-Ferdon, C. F. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01028-9 · Cited by 82
“Adolescents are also likely to experience indirect violence in their lifetime with over 32% reporting witnessing family assault, 25% witnessing partner assault, and almost 58% witnessing assaults in the community (e.g., seeing someone get attacked, hearing gun shots) (Finkelhor et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluential
The Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Children and Adults Who Have Experienced Complex Childhood Trauma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Chen, R., Gillespie, A. L., Zhao, Y., Xi, Y., Ren, Y., & McLean, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00534 · Cited by 73
“A similar telephone survey study (Finkelhor et al., 2015) of 4,000 children aged 0–17 years old, also found that 15.2% had experienced maltreatment by the caregiver (including 5% who had experienced physical abuse), 5.8% had witnessed domestic violence between parents and 2% of girls had…”
BackgroundInfluential
A Template Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence Survivors’ Experiences of Animal Maltreatment: Implications for Safety Planning and Intervention
Collins, E. A., Cody, A. M., McDonald, S. E., Nicotera, N., Ascione, F. R., & Williams, J. H. (2017) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801217697266 · Cited by 71
Differential Patterns of Delayed Emotion Circuit Maturation in Abused Girls With and Without Internalizing Psychopathology
Keding, T. J., Heyn, S. A., Russell, J. D., Zhu, X., Cisler, J. M., McLaughlin, K. A., & Herringa, R. J. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20081192 · Cited by 66
“Exposure to potentially traumatic events during childhood is pervasive, with two-thirds of children experiencing violence (physical abuse, sexual abuse, or witnessing community or domestic violence) by age 16 (1).”
Background
Social and Structural Determinants of Community Firearm Violence and Community Trauma
Buggs, S. A. L., Kravitz-Wirtz, N., & Lund, J. J. (2022) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/00027162231173324 · Cited by 61
“…survey administered in 2013 to 2014, when rates of firearm violence were relatively low, estimated that approximately 8 percent of children and teens and 13 percent of the subset of those ages 14 to 17 reported hearing gunshots or seeing someone shot over their lifetime (Finkelhor et al. 2015).”
Background
The Legacy of Early Abuse and Neglect for Social and Academic Competence From Childhood to Adulthood
Raby, K. L., Roisman, G. I., Labella, M. H., Martin, J., Fraley, R. C., & Simpson, J. A. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13033 · Cited by 68
Areas with High Rates of Police-Reported Violent Crime Have Higher Rates of Childhood Asthma Morbidity
Beck, A. F., Huang, B., Ryan, P., Sandel, M. T., Chen, C., & Kahn, R. S. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.018 · Cited by 69
Applying a Trauma Informed School Systems Approach: Examples from School Community-Academic Partnerships
Kataoka, S., Vona, P., Acuña, A., Jaycox, L. H., Escudero, P., Rojas, C., Ramirez, E., Langley, A. K., & Stein, B. D. (2018) · Ethnicity & Disease · doi:10.18865/ed.28.s2.417 · Cited by 68
Pediatric firearm injuries: Racial disparities and predictors of healthcare outcomes
Hughes, B. D., Cummins, C. B., Shan, Y., Mehta, H. B., Radhakrishnan, R. S., & Bowen, K. A. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.02.021 · Cited by 66
“Unintentional injuries are most commonly the result of a child playing with a firearm or presenting it to other children, resulting in accidental discharge of the weapon [2].”
Background
Extending poly-victimization theory: Differential effects of adolescents’ experiences of victimization on substance use disorder diagnoses upon treatment entry
Davis, J. P., Dworkin, E. R., Helton, J., Prindle, J., Patel, S., Dumas, T. M., & Miller, S. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.009 · Cited by 66
Economic Burden of Child Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence in the United States
Holmes, M. R., Richter, F., Votruba, M. E., Berg, K. A., & Bender, A. E. (2018) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-018-9954-7 · Cited by 66
“1 3 Americans enter young adulthood having been exposed to IPV in childhood (Finkelhor et al. 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Human Rights
Dudgeon, P., Carey, T. A., Hammond, S., Hirvonen, T., Kyrios, M., Roufeil, L., & Smith, P. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607 · Cited by 68
Identifying children exposed to maltreatment: a systematic review update
McTavish, J. R., González, A., Santesso, N. A., MacGregor, J. C. D., McKee, C., & MacMillan, H. L. (2020) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-2015-4 · Cited by 73
A Meta-Analysis of Parenting Practices and Child Psychosocial Outcomes in Trauma-Informed Parenting Interventions after Violence Exposure
Johnson, S. L., Elam, K. K., Rogers, A. A., & Hilley, C. D. (2018) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-018-0943-0 · Cited by 65
Bidirectional Association Between Bullying Perpetration and Internalizing Problems Among Youth
Silva, M. A. D., Gonzalez, J. C., Person, G. L., & Martins, S. S. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.09.022 · Cited by 66
“These include: the School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey [3], the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) [4], the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) [24], the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey (HBSC) [5,25], and the National Survey of Children’s Hea…”
Background
Promoting Resilience Through Trauma-Focused Practices: A Critical Review of School-Based Implementation
Zakszeski, B. N., Ventresco, N. E., & Jaffe, A. R. (2017) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-017-9228-1 · Cited by 65
Friendship Attachment Style Moderates the Effect of Adolescent Exposure to Violence on Emerging Adult Depression and Anxiety Trajectories
Heinze, J. E., Cook, S., Wood, E. P., Dumadag, A., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0729-x · Cited by 62
Healing-Informed Social Justice Mathematics: Promoting Students’ Sociopolitical Consciousness and Well-Being in Mathematics Class
Kokka, K. (2018) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/0042085918806947 · Cited by 62
“In addition, students of dominant backgrounds (e.g., students who are white and/or affluent) are also likely to have experienced trauma (Finkelhor et al., 2015), where such considerations also apply to their well-being.”
Background
Changing the Odds for Vulnerable Children
OECD (2019) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/a2e8796c-en · Cited by 88
Mothers’ Experiences of Parenting Within the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: Unique Challenges and Resilience
Fogarty, A., Woolhouse, H., Giallo, R., Wood, C., Kaufman, J., & Brown, S. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519883863 · Cited by 61
How Teachers Deal with Cases of Bullying at School: What Victims Say
Rigby, K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072338 · Cited by 61
‘Do you want to do some arm wrestling?’: children's strategies when experiencing domestic violence and the meaning of age
Överlien, C. (2016) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12283 · Cited by 61
Systematic Review on the Application of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Preschool-Aged Children
McGuire, A., Steele, R. G., & Singh, M. N. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00334-0 · Cited by 64
Adverse childhood experiences among adults with eating disorders: comparison to a nationally representative sample and identification of trauma profiles
Rienecke, R. D., Johnson, C., Grange, D. L., Manwaring, J. L., Mehler, P. S., Duffy, A., McClanahan, S. F., & Blalock, D. V. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00594-x · Cited by 63
Associations between childhood maltreatment latent classes and eating disorder symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States
Hazzard, V. M., Bauer, K. W., Mukherjee, B., Miller, A. L., & Sonneville, K. R. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104171 · Cited by 59
The Relationship between Childhood Maltreatment and Risky Sexual Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis
Wang, Z.-Y., Hu, M., Yu, T., & Yang, J. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193666 · Cited by 59

Authors: Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L.
Affiliations: Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham
University of New Hampshire (US)
Sewanee: The University of the South (US)
ORCID: Turner, Heather A.
Hamby, Sherry L.
Venue: JAMA Pediatrics
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2015-08-01
Volume: 169
Issue: 8
Pages: 746
ISSN: 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
2168-6203
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
OpenAlex: W1840653868
Cited by: 1,264
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 100 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 173 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 86.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords: childhood exposure to violence, child abuse, physical assault, sexual assault, dating violence, witnessing domestic violence, prevalence trends, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, child and adolescent health
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Crime, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Offenses, United States, Violence, Domestic Violence

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Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

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