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Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: It is important to estimate the burden of and trends for violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of children. OBJECTIVE: To provide health care professionals, policy makers, and parents with current estimates of exposure to violence, crime, and abuse across childhood and at different developmental stages. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) includes a representative sample of US telephone numbers from August 28, 2013, to April 30, 2014. Via telephone interviews, information was obtained on 4000 children 0 to 17 years old, with information about exposure to violence, crime, and abuse provided by youth 10 to 17 years old and by caregivers for children 0 to 9 years old. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Exposure to violence, crime, and abuse using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 37.3% of youth experienced a physical assault in the study year, and 9.3% of youth experienced an assault-related injury. Two percent of girls experienced sexual assault or sexual abuse in the study year, while the rate was 4.6% for girls 14 to 17 years old. Overall, 15.2% of children and youth experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including 5.0% who experienced physical abuse. In total, 5.8% witnessed an assault between parents. Only 2 significant rate changes could be detected compared with the last survey in 2011, namely, declines in past-year exposure to dating violence and lifetime exposure to household theft. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children and youth are exposed to violence, abuse, and crime in varied and extensive ways, which justifies continued monitoring and prevention efforts.
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“Childhood adversities are widely prevalent and often co-occur in general populations (Kessler et al. 1997; Finkelhor et al. 2015).”
From Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis (2017) · cites this paper as Finkelhor et al. 2015
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On the preventability of injuries and poisonings in the paediatric age group
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“For example, between 0.6% and 3.8% of children ages 0–9 were attacked with a weapon and between 5.8% and 11.6% witnessed domestic violence (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
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“Approximately 15% of children will experience maltreatment by a caregiver before reaching adulthood (Finkelhor et al., 2015), 8.6% of youth will be a victim of or witness neighborhood violence (Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, 2013), and almost 27% of females will experience…”
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“%) comparable to national lifetime estimates (38.1%)[4].”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysical and Emotional Sibling Violence Among South Asian Immigrants in the United States
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“However, Straus et al. (2006) found sibling violence to be the most common form of family violence with estimates indicating approximately 30% experience sibling physical assault at some point in their childhood (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
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“1 3 abuse); similar rates were identified in the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (Finkelhor et al. 2005; Finkelhor et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialImplementation of Trauma-Informed Care in a Urban School District
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“Finkelhor et al. (2015) conducted a national survey on children under the age of 17 and found 60% of the students surveyed reported experiencing some form of trauma, such as being exposed to violence and the death of a loved one.”
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“Adolescents and adults in the United States are exposed to high rates of gun violence (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2017).”
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“However, emotional childhood victimization from adults is exceptionally prevalent (Finkelhor et al., 2015), which has led some to argue that it may have wider impact than other forms of victimization (Richards et al., 2017).”
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“…childhood violence victimization and the family environment is complicated by the fact that while the majority of violence to which children are exposed is perpetrated by other children, some of it is perpetrated by parents in cases of physical abuse or child maltreatment (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Shenk, C. E., Olson, A. E., Dunning, E. D., Shores, K., Ram, N., Fisher, Z. F., Felt, J. M., & Chimed‐Ochir, U. (2023) · Child maltreatment solutions network · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33739-0_2 · Cited by 1
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“Research finds emotional abuse is one of the most prevalent forms of childhood victimization (Finkelhor et al., 2015) and LGBT youth experience higher rates than their straight counterparts (Baams, 2018; Gorczynski & Fasoli, 2022).”
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Fang, Y., Chung, L. M. Y., Or, P. P. L., Sun, F., & Chan, C. K. M. (2024) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2024.2341081 · Cited by 1
“According to online data, it was estimated that at least 1/7th of American children experienced child abuse or neglect in 2014 (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Perkins, N. H., Kim, R., & Shadik, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-024-00646-1 · Cited by 1
Morgan, M. H. C., Herbst, J. H., Fortson, B. L., Shortt, J. W., Willis, L. A., Lokey, C. N., Slep, A. M. S., Lorber, M. F., & Huber‐Krum, S. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106928 · Cited by 1
Graham, L. M., Jun, H., Kim, J.-S., Power, L., Devaney, J., Frederick, J., & Betz, G. (2024) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-024-00713-z · Cited by 2
“Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem worldwide that increases the risk of chronic and severe behavioral and mental health problems across developmental periods (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Holt et al., 2008; Moylan et al., 2010).”
Koning, S. M., Aronoff, J. E., Chen, S., Hargrove, T. W., Polos, J., & McDade, T. W. (2024) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460.2024.2390834 · Cited by 1
“…among youth (e.g. youth violence victimisation) is common and generally associated with adverse adult health and social outcomes across socioeconomic positions (Margolin and Gordis 2000; Finkelhor et al. 2015; McDougall and Vaillancourt 2015; Finegood and Miller 2022; Schlauch et al. 2022).”
Perkins, N. H., Dressman, K. A., Kelly, B. L., & Lees, E. R. (2024) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1177/10443894241285532 · Cited by 1
Nicholson, J. H., Ha, Y., DeVoe, E. R., Spencer, R., & Levendosky, A. A. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108073 · Cited by 1
Heyn, S. A., Keding, T. J., Cisler, J. M., McLaughlin, K. A., & Herringa, R. J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-84616-5 · Cited by 1
Pirro, T., Bernier, A., Hébert, M., Frappier, J., & Langevin, R. (2025) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2025.2451652 · Cited by 1
Chen, Y., Shao, J., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12496 · Cited by 2
Adolescents’ Experiences of Parental Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of Qualitative Literature
Achar, M., Ruben, J., & Thomas, S. (2025) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380251329488 · Cited by 1
Engstrom, A., Moore, M., Jones, K. V., Bulger, E. M., Nehra, D., Russo, J. E., Wang, J., Shoyer, J., & Zatzick, D. (2025) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2025.112344 · Cited by 1
Weiss, B. R. (2025) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.1017/lsr.2025.19 · Cited by 1
Emezue, C., Froilan, A. P., Dunlap, A., Shipman, A., Feliciano, D., Ortega-Chavez, S., & Dan‐Irabor, D. (2025) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth5020044 · Cited by 1
“…at this age, they engage more independently with physical and digital environments, facing risks like community violence and online harassment (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Turner et al., 2016), while often lacking access to support systems (Zimmerman & Posick, 2016), necessitating a closer…”
Tonsing, J. C. (2025) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.70034 · Cited by 3
Profiles of gun violence exposure in a nationally representative sample of US youth and young adults
Liu, W., Sheridan-Johnson, J., Mitchell, K. J., Mumford, E. A., Turner, H. A., & Taylor, B. G. (2025) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-025-02478-1 · Cited by 2
“Three million children in the USA are exposed to gun violence each year (Finkelhor et al. 2015).”
Self-citationGruendl, M., del Valle, D. D., Campos, L. N., Nkurunziza, T., Wurdeman, T., Dey, T., Trejo, A. C., Klug, S. J., & Uribe‐Leitz, T. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22990-z · Cited by 1
The mediating role of anxiety between child abuse and pain among a sample of Lebanese adults
Kesrewani, E., Chammas, G., Malaeb, D. N., Sakr, F., Dabbous, M., Khatib, S. E., Hallit, S. R., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., & Obeïd, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01689-6 · Cited by 2
Godbout, N., Vaillancourt, S.-E., Ledoux-Labelle, M.-J., Gewirtz‐Meydan, A., Vaillancourt‐Morel, M., Brassard, A., & Hébert, M. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107485 · Cited by 3
Chen, M., & Gong, H. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251353489 · Cited by 1
“A national survey by Finkelhor et al. (2015) showed that over half of the surveyed children had two or more violence exposures, and 4.4% even had 10 or more exposures in the past year.”
InfluentialWalsh, J., Spangaro, J., Man, N. W. Y., & Spurway, K. (2025) · Journal of Gender-Based Violence · doi:10.1332/23986808y2025d000000089 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham
- University of New Hampshire (US)
- Sewanee: The University of the South (US)
- Venue
- JAMA Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2015-08-01
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 746
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-6203
- OpenAlex
- W1840653868
- Cited by
- 1,264
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 100 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 173 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 86.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- childhood exposure to violence, child abuse, physical assault, sexual assault, dating violence, witnessing domestic violence, prevalence trends, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, child and adolescent health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Crime, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Offenses, United States, Violence, Domestic Violence
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