Cited by 1,264Child Abuse and TraumaIntimate Partner and Family ViolenceCrime Patterns and Interventions

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Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

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Finkelhor, David, Turner, Heather A., Shattuck, Anne, Hamby, Sherry L.·2015·JAMA Pediatrics

DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676

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Abstract

IMPORTANCE: It is important to estimate the burden of and trends for violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of children. OBJECTIVE: To provide health care professionals, policy makers, and parents with current estimates of exposure to violence, crime, and abuse across childhood and at different developmental stages. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) includes a representative sample of US telephone numbers from August 28, 2013, to April 30, 2014. Via telephone interviews, information was obtained on 4000 children 0 to 17 years old, with information about exposure to violence, crime, and abuse provided by youth 10 to 17 years old and by caregivers for children 0 to 9 years old. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Exposure to violence, crime, and abuse using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. RESULTS: In total, 37.3% of youth experienced a physical assault in the study year, and 9.3% of youth experienced an assault-related injury. Two percent of girls experienced sexual assault or sexual abuse in the study year, while the rate was 4.6% for girls 14 to 17 years old. Overall, 15.2% of children and youth experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including 5.0% who experienced physical abuse. In total, 5.8% witnessed an assault between parents. Only 2 significant rate changes could be detected compared with the last survey in 2011, namely, declines in past-year exposure to dating violence and lifetime exposure to household theft. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children and youth are exposed to violence, abuse, and crime in varied and extensive ways, which justifies continued monitoring and prevention efforts.

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Duron, J. F., Williams‐Butler, A., Mattson, P., & Boxer, P. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211016358 · Cited by 40
“The National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence indicates that approximately 51.4% of youth, 0 to 17 years old, describe having lifetime exposure to physical assault (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluential
Nonfatal firearm injuries: Utilization and expenditures for children pre‐ and postinjury
Pulcini, C. D., Goyal, M. K., Hall, M., Souza, H. G. D., Chaudhary, S. S., Alpern, E. R., Fein, J. A., & Fleegler, E. W. (2021) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.14318 · Cited by 35
Co-occurrence of sibling and peer bullying victimization and depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents: The role of sexual orientation
Peng, C., Wang, Z., Yu, Y., Cheng, J., Qiu, X., & Liu, X. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105684 · Cited by 41
Children's exposure to intimate partner violence and peer bullying victimization
Vikse Nicholson, J., Chen, Y., & Huang, C.-C. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.034 · Cited by 34
Typologies of intimate partner violence-maternal parenting and children’s externalizing problems: The moderating effect of the exposure to other forms of family violence
Lamela, D. J. P. D. V., Jongenelen, I., Pinto, R. J., & Levendosky, A. A. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.020 · Cited by 37
Prevalence of Diverse Genders and Sexualities in Australia and Associations With Five Forms of Child Maltreatment and Multi-type Maltreatment
Higgins, D. J., Lawrence, D. M., Haslam, D. M., Mathews, B., Malacova, E., Erskine, H. E., David Finkelhor, B., Pacella, R., Meinck, F., Thomas, H. J., et al. (2024) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595231226331 · Cited by 34
Longitudinal study of peer victimization, social support, and mental health during early adolescence
Martínez, M., Damme, K. S. F., Vargas, T., Yang, B., Rompilla, D. B., Stephens, J. E., Qu, Y., Mittal, V. A., & Haase, C. M. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724000035 · Cited by 44
“…around 20% of school-aged children experience different types of attacks from peers, with physical assaults peaking before age 9, and relational aggression reaching the highest points between ages 10 and 13 (Finkelhor, Turner, Shattuck, & Hamby, 2015; Pontes, Ayres, Lewandowski, & Pontes, 2018).”
Safe Places to Learn: Advances in School Safety Research and Practice
Nickerson, A. B., Randa, R., Jimerson, S. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2021) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2021.1871948 · Cited by 56
“…(e.g., socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity) have traditionally been studied in relation to individual and school violence, research from the past decade has revealed that community and school context variables are more predictive of school violence (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Hong & Espelage, 2012).”
Background
Heterogeneous effects of spatially proximate firearm homicide exposure on anxiety and depression symptoms among U.S. youth
Buggs, S., Zhang, X., Aubel, A. J., Bruns, A., & Kravitz‐Wirtz, N. (2022) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107224 · Cited by 34
“…et al., 2021), and studies find anywhere from 13% to 65% of young people report hearing gunshots or witnessing someone get shot or shot at in their lifetimes (Bancalari et al., 2022; Finkelhor et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 1997; Stein et al., 2003; Turner et al., 2019; Zimmerman and Posick, 2016).”
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Tack, A. M. C., & Small, M. L. (2017) · Sociological Science · doi:10.15195/v4.a10 · Cited by 34
Identification and initial response to children’s exposure to intimate partner violence: a qualitative synthesis of the perspectives of children, mothers and professionals
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“8% in the past year and 25% over the life-time.(7) Children’s exposure to IPV is strongly associated with a broad range of emotional and behavioural problems, including internalising and externalising symptoms, as well as increased risk-taking behaviour and academic problems.”
Background
Child Protective Service Referrals Involving Exposure to Domestic Violence: Prevalence, Associated Maltreatment Types, and Likelihood of Formal Case Openings
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Children's exposure to intimate partner violence: A systematic review of measurement strategies
Latzman, N. E., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Clinton‐Sherrod, A. M., Casanueva, C. E., & Carr, C. (2017) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2017.10.009 · Cited by 49
Bullying and psychosis: The impact of chronic traumatic stress on psychosis risk in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome—A uniquely vulnerable population
Mayo, D., Bolden, K. A., Simon, T. J., & Niendam, T. A. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.011 · Cited by 32
“Prevalence of bullying victimization is comparable across the biological sexes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014; Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
What explains childhood violence? Micro correlates from VACS surveys
Ravi, S., & Ahluwalia, R. (2017) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2017.1282162 · Cited by 32
Relationship Distress as a Mediator of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health: Implications for Clinical Practice with Economically Vulnerable Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Wheeler, N. J., Daire, A. P., Barden, S. M., & Carlson, R. G. (2018) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12392 · Cited by 33
Ongoing Pediatric Health Care for the Child Who Has Been Maltreated
Flaherty, E. G., Legano, L. A., Idzerda, S. M., Sirotnak, A. P., Budzak, A. E., Gavril, A. R., Haney, S. B., Laskey, A. L., Messner, S. A., Moles, R. L., et al. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0284 · Cited by 32
Co-occurrence of Violence-Related Risk and Protective Behaviors and Adult Support Among Male Youth in Urban Neighborhoods
Culyba, A. J., Miller, E. P., Albert, S. M., & Abebe, K. Z. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11375 · Cited by 36
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Self-citation
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Wan, G., Tang, S., & Xu, Y. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105266 · Cited by 32
Lifetime experiences of violence against women and men in Sweden
Öberg, M., Heimer, G. M., & Lucas, S. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494820945072 · Cited by 32
“[22] Finkelhor D, Turner HA, Shattuck A, et al.”
Background
Commentary on decision-making and judgments in child maltreatment prevention and response: An overview
López, M. L., Fluke, J., Benbenishty, R., & Knorth, E. J. (2015) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.08.013 · Cited by 32
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“Many children witness severe domestic violence (Meltzer et al., 2009) and experience abuse (Finkelhor et al., 2015), war trauma, natural disasters, and serious accidents (Costello et al., 2002).”
Background
Bullying as a Source of Posttraumatic Growth in Individuals with Visual Impairments
Ratcliff, J. J., Lieberman, L. J., Miller, A. K., & Pace, B. (2016) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-016-9523-z · Cited by 29
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“The increase of traumatic events in the United States, along with the growing awareness of the prevalence of exposure to trauma among youth (Finkelhor et al., 2015) and the impacts of trauma on the development of children (Perfect et al.”
Background
Associations between childhood exposure to community violence, child maltreatment and school outcomes
Schneider, S. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104473 · Cited by 31
Child Safety Matters: Randomized Control Trial of a School-Based, Child Victimization Prevention Curriculum
Bright, M. A., Huq, M. S., Patel, S., Miller, M. D., & David Finkelhor, B. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520909185 · Cited by 31
“Among abuse victims, elementary school age children are at considerable risk (Finkelhor et al., 2015; Sedlak et al., 2010), so universal education in primary schools is clearly warranted.”
Background
Trends in the prevalence of twenty health indicators among adolescents in United Arab Emirates: cross-sectional national school surveys from 2005, 2010 and 2016
Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2020) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02252-0 · Cited by 30
The Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on Children’s Medical System Engagement and Physical Health: A Systematic Review
Holmes, M. R., Berg, K. A., Bender, A. E., Evans, K. E., Kobulsky, J. M., Davis, A. P., & King, J. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-021-00291-4 · Cited by 34
“Estimates indicate that a quarter of all children under the age of 18 have witnessed a physical assault between their caregivers in their lifetime (Finkelhor et al., 2015).”
Background
Childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation: A systematic review
Rubens, M., Bruenig, D., Adams, J. A. M., Suresh, S. M., Sathyanarayanan, A., Haslam, D. M., Shenk, C. E., Mathews, B., & Mehta, D. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105079 · Cited by 35
Physical and emotional sibling violence and policy: An examination of Fox-Harding's child care value perspectives
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Association of childhood adversity with HPA axis activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Niu, L., Gao, Q., Xie, M., Yip, T., Gunnar, M. R., Wang, W., Xu, Q., Zhang, Y., & Lin, D. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106124 · Cited by 40

Authors: Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L.
Affiliations: Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham
University of New Hampshire (US)
Sewanee: The University of the South (US)
ORCID: Turner, Heather A.
Hamby, Sherry L.
Venue: JAMA Pediatrics
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2015-08-01
Volume: 169
Issue: 8
Pages: 746
ISSN: 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
2168-6203
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
OpenAlex: W1840653868
Cited by: 1,264
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 100 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 173 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 86.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords: childhood exposure to violence, child abuse, physical assault, sexual assault, dating violence, witnessing domestic violence, prevalence trends, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, child and adolescent health
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Crime, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Offenses, United States, Violence, Domestic Violence

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Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Violence, Crime, and Abuse: Results From the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence

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