Association of reports of childhood abuse and all-cause mortality rates in women
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Research has linked childhood abuse to a variety of adult psychiatric problems, but little is known about associations of child abuse with adult mortality. OBJECTIVE: To test associations of retrospective reports of physical and emotional abuse in childhood with all-cause mortality rates in adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: National sample of 6285 adults (aged 25-74 years at baseline) from the survey of Midlife Development in the United States. Baseline psychosocial data were collected in 1995 and 1996, with follow-up mortality data collected through October 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Participants completed questionnaires at baseline about self-report of childhood emotional abuse, moderate physical abuse, and severe physical abuse. Mortality data during the next 20 years was tracked using the National Death Index. RESULTS: Of the 6285 participants included in the study sample, 2987 were men (48%) and 5581were white (91%), with a mean (SD) age of 46.9 (12.95) years. Women who reported childhood emotional abuse (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% CI, 1.01-1.49; P = .04), moderate physical abuse (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.60; P = .02), or severe physical abuse (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.20-2.08; P = .001) were at increased risk for all-cause mortality during the follow-up period. Reports of more types of childhood abuse were also associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality in women (all vs none HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.24-2.30; P = .001; some vs none HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.52; P = .04). These effects could not be accounted for by childhood socioeconomic status, personality traits, or adult depression. No associations were observed in men. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These results suggest that in addition to the established psychiatric consequences of abuse, women who report childhood abuse also remain vulnerable to premature mortality into adulthood. Thus, reported childhood abuse may have long-term ramifications for health and longevity in women.
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Childhood adversity is associated with earlier mortality.
“as well as earlier mortality (Chen et al., 2016).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2016
Childhood abuse significantly accelerates biological aging and all-cause mortality.
“Indeed, childhood abuse significantly accelerates biological aging (Tyrka et al., 2010) and all-cause mortality (Chen et al., 2016).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2016
Many epidemiological studies show ELA is linked to higher risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and premature death.
“multiple epidemiological studies have documented an association between ELA and elevated risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease,36–38 cancer,39–42 diabetes,36,37 and premature mortality.15,16”
From Early life adversity and health-risk behaviors: Proposed psychological and neural mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Chen, E., Turiano, N. A., Mroczek, D. K., & Miller, G. E.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- West Virginia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Edith
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2016-09-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 920
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5234580
- OpenAlex
- W2508336557
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 16.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG018436, AG018436, AG020166, P01AG020166, U19AG051426)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL122328)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child Abuse and Related Trauma
- Keywords
- childhood abuse, all-cause mortality, women, emotional abuse, physical abuse, premature mortality, long-term health effects, gender differences, Midlife Development in the United States, adult depression, socioeconomic status, personality traits, longevity, psychosocial risk factors, mortality risk factors, health policy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cause of Death, Child, Child Abuse, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, United States, Proportional Hazards Models, Young Adult, Self Report, Mortality, Premature
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