The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 5 of the 23 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior
Open accessAbstract
Importance Antisocial behavior (ASB) places a large burden on perpetrators, survivors, and society. Twin studies indicate that half of the variation in this trait is genetic. Specific causal genetic variants have, however, not been identified.
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25 Own result · 9 Own method · 9 Own interpretation · 5 Sources not found · 5 No full text of the sources · 2 Supported · 2 Supported so far · 2 No basis given · 1 Not checked yet
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Specific causal genetic variants have, however, not been identified.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Abstract > Importance
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Vassos, Collier, & Fazel, 2014 source
The Discussion says the review found no gene of major effect for aggression and that candidate-gene studies had not identified genes consistently associated with aggression or violence. It also describes the few markers reported for conduct disorder as having modest effects, not as established causal variants. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kendler, 2013 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“a systematic review and meta-analysis of the majority of published genetic association studies on aggression and violence failed to reveal a significant overall association between any of the previously reported candidate genes and aggression”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Vassos, Collier, & Fazel, 2014 source
The Abstract reports that the primary meta-analyses found no association between any analyzed polymorphism and aggression at the 5% significance level. The Discussion likewise reports no significant associations in the primary analyses, while noting a few findings in sensitivity analyses. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“none of the other published GWAS studies Tielbeek et al. 2012(Tielbeek et al., 2012) (QIMR, N=4816, continuous measure of adult antisocial behaviour), Salvatore et al. 2015(Salvatore et al., 2015) (COGA, N=1379, continuous measure of adult antisocial behaviour, part of the present meta-analysis), Viding et al. 2010(Viding et al., 2010) (TEDS, N=1186 (Ncases=593), psychopathic tendencies) and Derr”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Tielbeek et al., 2012 source
The Results report that no associations reached genome-wide significance in either the case-status analysis or the adult antisocial-behavior symptom-count analysis. The Abstract gives the sample size as 4,816. This supports the claim as it pertains to Tielbeek et al.; it does not establish the results of the other cited studies. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites Salvatore et al., 2015 source
The Discussion (page not provided) states that no SNP reached strict genome-wide significance in this study of adult antisocial behavior. That supports the claim as it applies to the cited Salvatore et al. GWAS; it does not need to establish the results of the other studies listed alongside it. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Viding et al., 2010 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“One study, carried out on childhood conduct disorder in an American sample (N=3963, including 872 cases and 3091 controls), detected three genome-wide significant loci”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites D. M. Dick et al., 2011 source
The Results report four genome-wide-significant SNPs: two in C1QTNF7, and the Discussion locates the other two on chromosomes 11 and 13. That amounts to three distinct loci, despite there being four significant markers. Materials and methods (Measure) gives N=3963, including 872 CD cases and 3091 controls; the study assessed childhood conduct-disorder symptoms retrospectively in adults. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaincorrelationaln = 872- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Top signals were located differently across sex, which is illustrated by the Miami plot in Figure 1 and Table S5.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Meta-analysis of GWAS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Age of First Birth (r=-.43, p=.008)”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > SNP heritability and genetic correlation of ASB with other traits
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the meta-analysis for males (N=7772, Table S2c) identified a near genome-wide signal on chromosome X (rs41456347, p= 2.0 x 10-8, R2=.41%)”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Meta-analysis of GWAS
plaincorrelationaln = 7,772 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The BroadABC antisocial genetic risk scores could predict case-control status of antisocial personality disorder in the Finnish Crime Study (sex-combined, p=.031; male-specific, p=.05, in the most optimal model”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Polygenic risk scores
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found no evidence for heterogeneity (I2=0) across discovery samples in the association of rs2764450 (p=.45), rs11215217 (p=.54) and rs41456347 (p=.60) with ASB”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Meta-analysis of GWAS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“None of the traditional candidate genes on antisocial behaviour were significantly associated with ASB (top gene=TH, pcorr=.0841, Table S4a-c).”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Meta-analysis of GWAS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 17
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant genetic overlap was found with conduct disorder in YalePenn, although a nominal significant effect (p=.04, R2=.0022) in the expected direction was found in the males-only analysis”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Polygenic risk scores
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gene-based and gene-set analyses yielded no significant genes (top gene= CENPI, p= 3.2 × 10-5, Table S3a-c, Figure S3) or gene-sets (top gene-set=‘Reactome cell communication’, p= 3.6 × 10-4, Table S3d).”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Meta-analysis of GWAS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the analyses revealed low Nagelkerke’s R2 estimates (R2=.0019 in the most optimal model) not exceeding the Bonferroni corrected threshold for significance.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Polygenic risk scores
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In total, BroadABC has genotypic and phenotypic data from 25,781 individuals across eight unique samples, making it the largest collective sample available to estimate the effects of genome wide genetic variants for ASB”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions and Relevance · plain
“The Broad Antisocial Behaviour Consortium entails the largest collaboration to date (total N=25,781) on the genetic architecture of antisocial behaviour”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Introduction
plainn = 25,781- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Conclusions and Relevance · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The genomic inflation factors for the combined, male and female meta-analyses were 1.015, 1.012 and 1.001, respectively, which are as expected under a polygenic model given the current sample size, prevalence, and heritability of ASB”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found that the genetic effect from the females-only ASB analysis significantly overlapped with genetic effects in the expected direction on conduct problems in MSUTR (p= .004, R2=.021 for the most optimal model, see Figure 2E), but not with the sex-combined and males-only analyses”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results > Polygenic risk scores
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The genome-wide significance threshold was set at 1.67 x 10-8 as we performed three meta-analyses”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Materials and methods > Statistical analyses
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Polygenic risk score analysis, based on a broad conceptualization of ASB, could reliably predict some of the variation in antisocial personality disorder in a forensic cohort, demonstrating that population-based genetic association studies can also be informative for samples that are at-risk.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no discrepancies between the results files of the two analysts at either the cohort level or the meta-analysis level.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although we cannot rule out that most of the genetic variance in ASB is due to rare alleles”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“previous meta-analytical GWAS studies have successfully applied this joint analysis approach, by identifying additional loci associated with depressive symptoms and neuroticism”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Okbay, Baselmans, et al., 2016
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Strikingly, ASB also correlates with reproductive traits, thus fitting to the unified evolutionary theory that Boutwell and others proposed”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Boutwell et al., 2015 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quality control (QC) and meta-analysis of the GWA summary results were performed by two independent analysts (J.J.T. & A.J.), following a strict analysis protocol.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Materials and methods > Statistical analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“SNP heritability analyses demonstrated that the collective effect of the measured SNPs accounted for 5% of the variance, or 10% of the heritability of ˜50%, as estimated from family-based studies.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Discussion
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our meta-analyses of diverse continuous measures of ASB showed that ASB is heritable and highly polygenic and suggests that part of the genetic architecture is sex specific.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We only reported and interpreted the results of polymorphisms with a total sample size greater than 10,000 (across all samples) and 5000 (sex-specific).”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Materials and methods > Statistical analyses
plainn = 10,000- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We removed 2,134,049 SNPs due to insufficient total sample size (N < 10 000), resulting in 7,392,849 SNPs available for analyses.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All participants were recruited from different regions, thus making sample overlap highly unlikely.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Materials and methods > Cohorts and phenotypes
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, effect sizes were very small, indicating limited prediction accuracy and clinical utility for the current GWAS outcomes.”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Given the substantial differences in prevalence, age of onset, and severity of ASB between males and females (Cale & Lilienfeld, 2002)”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cale & Lilienfeld, 2002 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Genome-wide association analyses (GWA) were performed at the cohort level according to a pre-specified analysis plan (Standard Operating Procedures; SOP).”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Materials and methods > Statistical analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Our genetic correlation analyses revealed a suggestive positive genetic correlation of ASB with neuroticism, which is concordant with previous twin research demonstrating a shared genetic etiology of externalizing behaviour and negative emotionality”
§ Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Singh & Waldman, 2010 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Recent genome-wide association studies of other complex traits demonstrate that SNP heritability increases with greater sample sizes.
“Recent GWAs on other complex traits such as height, BMI, and schizophrenia clearly demonstrated that with greater sample sizes the SNP h2 increases.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the EAGLE GWAS meta-analysis of children’s aggression [13] and the Tielbeek’s GWAS of antisocial behavior (64% adult) [47] do not show genetic correlation.”
From An integrated analysis of genes and functional pathways for aggression in human and rodent models (2019) · cites this paper as [47]
Citations
Cites
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13595 · Cited by 7,577
LD Score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Bulik-Sullivan, B. K., Loh, P.-R., Finucane, H. K., Ripke, S., Yang, J., Patterson, N., Daly, M. J., Price, A. L., & Neale, B. M. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3211 · Cited by 5,559
METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans
Willer, C. J., Li, Y., & Abecasis, G. R. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq340 · Cited by 5,205 · cited 2×
“The meta-analysis across discovery cohorts was run for the pooled male-female GWAS results (N = 16 400), as well as separately for the sexes (8535 female individuals and 7772 male individuals), using a fixed-effects model with z scores weighted by sample size as implemented in the software METAL.31 We only reported an…”
MethodCommon polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
The International Schizophrenia Consortium (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08185 · Cited by 4,821
An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits
ReproGen Consortium, Bulik-Sullivan, B., Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3, Finucane, H. K., Anttila, V., Gusev, A., Day, F. R., Loh, P.-R., Duncan, L., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3406 · Cited by 4,255 · cited 1×
“This method is particularly useful because it only requires GWAS summary statistics and is not biased by sample overlap.(33) Genetic correlations of ASB were calculated with cognitive and psychiatric traits previously reported to be comorbid with ASB using summary results from attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (…”
MethodSelf-citationHowie, B. N., Donnelly, P., & Marchini, J. (2009) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000529 · Cited by 3,928
Partitioning heritability by functional annotation using genome-wide association summary statistics
ReproGen Consortium, Finucane, H. K., Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, The RACI Consortium, Bulik-Sullivan, B., Gusev, A., Trynka, G., Reshef, Y., Loh, P.-R., Anttila, V., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3404 · Cited by 2,604
Self-citationMeta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies
Polderman, T. J. C., Benyamin, B., de Leeuw, C. A., Sullivan, P. F., van Bochoven, A., Visscher, P. M., & Posthuma, D. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3285 · Cited by 2,467
Self-citationVisscher, P. M., Brown, M. A., McCarthy, M. I., & Yang, J. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.029 · Cited by 2,425 · cited 1×
“This lack of positive results fromGWASs ismost likely attributable to lowstatistical power todetect small effects.(20)For example, recentwork of the SchizophreniaWorkingGroup of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium revealed the direct association between sample size and success in detecting genetic variants.”
BackgroundMaCH: using sequence and genotype data to estimate haplotypes and unobserved genotypes
Li, Y., Willer, C. J., Ding, J., Scheet, P., & Abecasis, G. R. (2010) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20533 · Cited by 1,843
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Self-citationMale antisocial behaviour in adolescence and beyond
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“For example, dozens of genetic loci have been discovered for schizophrenia ( > 100 loci) 50 , bipolar disorder (30 loci) 51 and major depressive disorders (44 loci) 52 , whereas for antisocial behavior 53 , AUDs 54 and opioid use disorders 8 , only a very small number of loci have been discovered.”
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An integrated analysis of genes and functional pathways for aggression in human and rodent models
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“A recent genome-wide association study on antisocial behavior (Tielbeek et al., 2017) reported a genetic correlation (r) with educational attainment of −0.”
BackgroundTesting structural models of psychopathology at the genomic level
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Self-citationA genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health
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Self-citationGenetic influences on antisocial behavior: recent advances and future directions
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“rts No genome-wide significant associations in the total sample, but there were suggestive sexdiscordant associations (for females, Chr 1: rs2764450, Chr 11: rs11215217, and for males, Chr X, rs41456347) [52].”
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Self-citationGenetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age
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“has an opposite sign than what was expected based on the literature [39].”
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“198 — — — Antisocial behaviour [52] 16,400 1.”
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Self-citationThe interaction of biopsychological and socio-environmental influences on criminological outcomes
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“Other studies have relied on GWAs that have bearing on behaviors that are of direct interest to criminologists like the GWA on antisocial behavior (Tielbeek et al., 2017) and the GWA on aggressive behavior (Pappa et al., 2016).”
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Building causal knowledge in behavior genetics
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The Genetics of Externalizing Problems
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Self-citationChildhood Antisocial Behavior: A Neurodevelopmental Problem
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Neurobiological roots of psychopathy
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Self-citationThe Genetic and Neural Substrates of Externalizing Behavior
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Disruptive Behavior Disorders: The Challenge of Delineating Mechanisms in the Face of Heterogeneity
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Self-citationGenome‐wide association meta‐analysis of age at first cannabis use
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“Why might youth emotional insecurity mediate the moderating role of the hypodopaminergic genetic profile in associations between interparental conflict and their externalizing symptoms? As denoted in Table 1, low dopamine activity in the mesocorticolimbic complex is associated with alterations in emotion reactivity, r…”
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The promise and peril of the new science of social genomics
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The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Genetics
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Self-citationGenetic correlation of antisocial behaviour with alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use
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Self-citationThe Association of Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) Polymorphisms Antisocial Behavior: A Meta-analysis
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Are there sex differences in the etiology of youth antisocial behavior?
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Exploring the genetic correlations of antisocial behaviour and life history traits
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“This overlap has been described for MDD and anxiety (Tiller, 2013), ADHD, ASD, tic disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD; Huisman-van Dijk, van de Schoot, Rijkeboer, Mathews, & Cath, 2016).”
MethodSelf-citationRuisch, I. H., Dietrich, A., Glennon, J. C., Buitelaar, J. K., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0964-5 · Cited by 19
COLOCdb: a comprehensive resource for multi-model colocalization of complex traits
Pan, S., Kang, H., Liu, X., Li, S., Yang, P., Wu, M., Yuan, N., Lin, S., Zheng, Q., & Jia, P. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad939 · Cited by 23
“…Catalog ( 16 ), Social Sciences Genetic Association Consortium (SSGA C) ( 17 , 18 ), Genetics of Personality Consortium (GPC) ( 19 ), Broad ABC ( 20 ), International Cannabis Consortium (ICC) ( 21 ,22 ), The Lettre Lab ( 23 ), Imaging Genomics analysis lab (BIG-KP) ( 24 ), Biostatistics and the…”
BackgroundTorrico, B., Antón-Galindo, E., Fernàndez‐Castillo, N., Francàs, E. R., Ghorbani, S., Pineda-Cirera, L., Amaia Hervas, G., Rueda, I., Moreno, E., Fullerton, J. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9061851 · Cited by 19
“ADHD: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASB: antisocial behaviour; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; BD: bipolar disorder; MDD: major depression disorder; OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder; SCZ: schizophrenia.”
BackgroundNedic Erjavec, G., Tudor, L., Nikolac Perkovic, M., Podobnik, J., Dodig Curkovic, K., Curkovic, M., Svob Strac, D., Cusek, M., Bortolato, M., & Pivac, N. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110542 · Cited by 18
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“…behaviors in children and adults (Baselmans et al., 2021; Demontis et al., 2021; Ip et al., 2021; Karlsson Linn (cid:1) er et al., 2021; Tielbeek et al., 2017, 2021; Watanabe et al., 2019); similarly, GWAS for brain structure and function across the lifespan, including longitudinal…”
InfluentialSelf-citationGeneralized genetic liability to substance use disorders
Miller, A. P., Bogdan, R., Arpana Agrawal, A., & Hatoum, A. S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci172881 · Cited by 20
“Specifically, GWAS of common externalizing traits and disorders such as antisocial behavior (115, 116), conduct and oppositional defiant disorder (117), and trait aggression (118, 119) were not included in this genetic model (largely due to their smaller sample sizes) but demonstrate moderate to…”
Wang, Y., Karstoft, K., Nievergelt, C. M., Maihofer, A. X., Stein, M. B., Ursano, R. J., Bybjerg‐Grauholm, J., Bækvad‐Hansen, M., HOUGAARD, D. M., Andreassen, O. A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.070 · Cited by 17
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“…of nearly 90,000 individuals) returned very few ‘hits ’ , and these were in genes previously associated with educational attainment (ST3GAL3, PCDH7, IPO13) accounting for less than 1 % of variance in aggression (Gard et al., 2019; Ip et al., 2021; Tielbeek et al., 2017; Viding & McCrory, 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTesli, N., Jaholkowski, P., Haukvik, U. K., Jangmo, A., Haram, M., Rokicki, J., Friestad, C., Tielbeek, J. J., Næss, Ø., Skardhamar, T., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115628 · Cited by 14
Self-citationBiosocial Criminology: History, Theory, Research Evidence, and Policy
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“Heritability estimates of antisocial behavior based on polygenic risk score analysis have been reported to be low, but with more research this estimate is expected to rise to 50% (from 5–6%; Salvatore et al., 2015; Tielbeek et al., 2017).”
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Genetic Association Study of Childhood Aggression across raters, instruments and agePreprint
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Self-citationA Family-Based Genome Wide Association Study of Externalizing Behaviors
Barr, P. B., Salvatore, J. E., Wetherill, L. F., Anokhin, A. P., Chan, G., Edenberg, H. J., Kuperman, S., Meyers, J. L., Nürnberger, J. I., Porjesz, B., et al. (2020) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-020-09999-3 · Cited by 17
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A preliminary transcriptomic analysis of the orbitofrontal cortex of antisocial individuals
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“11 Given the well-documented role of serotonin in modulating aggression, 12 most studies have focused on genes related to this neurotransmitter system, particularly on MAOA (monoamine oxidase A), which encodes the primary enzyme responsible for its degradation.”
BackgroundComorbidity of bipolar I disorder and conduct disorder: a familial risk analysis
Wozniak, J. R., Wilens, T. E., DiSalvo, M., Farrell, A., Wolenski, R. A., Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (2019) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13013 · Cited by 10
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“2008) and are presumed to be a function of polygenic liability (Dick et al. 2011; Rautiainen et al. 2016; Tielbeek et al. 2017).”
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Mortality in adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder: a nationwide register study
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“Other disorders associated with alcohol abuse, such as anxiety and “antisocial or undercontrolled behavior” [5] have a heritable component [49, 50] and are themselves associated with increased mortality [51, 52].”
BackgroundShedding Light on Antisocial Behavior Through Genetically Informed Research
Pezzoli, P., McCrory, E. J. P., & Viding, E. M. (2024) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-021524-043650 · Cited by 14
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The genetics of human fertility.
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“Others have questioned the general applicability of this finding, particularly for high- Genetic correlation References Yes [6 ,15,19,20,21 ] Yes [22–25] No [15,27] Yes [29] Yes [6 ,33] No [6 ,33] Yes [6 ,33] Yes [19,33,34] No [35,36] No [37–39] Yes [6 ,41 ] No [43,44,46] No [45,46] ing a significant genetic correlati…”
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Preempting the Development of Antisocial Behavior and Psychopathic Traits.
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Deters, R. K., Ruisch, I. H., Faraone, S. V., Hartman, C. A., Luman, M., Franke, B., Oosterlaan, J., Buitelaar, J. K., Naaijen, J., Dietrich, A., et al. (2022) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.07.182 · Cited by 8
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“…et al., 2021; Jami et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2020; Karlsson Linnér et al., 2019; Karlsson Linnér et al., 2021; Mills et al., 2021; Nagel, Jansen, et al., 2018; Otowa et al., 2016; Tielbeek et al., 2017; Van den Berg et al., 2016; Walters et al., 2018; Williams et al., 2023; Wray et al., 2018).”
Epigenome-Wide Association Study of CpG Methylation in Aggressive Behavior
Borinskaya, S. A., Rubanovich, A. V., Larin, A. K., Kazantseva, A. V., Davydova, Y. D., Generozov, E. V., Хуснутдинова, Э. К., & Yankovsky, N. K. (2021) · Russian Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1134/s1022795421120048 · Cited by 7
Genetics and epigenetics of human aggression
Odintsova, V. V., Hagenbeek, F. A., van der Laan, C. M., van de Weijer, S. G. A., & Boomsma, D. I. (2023) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821375-9.00005-0 · Cited by 13
Davis, C. N., Khan, Y., Toikumo, S., Jinwala, Z., Boomsma, D. I., Levey, D. F., Gelernter, J. E., Kember, R. L., & Kranzler, H. R. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725000856 · Cited by 11
“…general risk tolerance [Risk; n = 431,126], number of sexual partners [NumSex; n = 370,711; Karlsson Linnér et al., 2019; Karlsson Linnér et al., 2021], antisocial behavior [ASB; n = 16,400; Tielbeek et al., 2017], and automobile speeding propensity [n = 404,291; Karlsson Linnér et al., 2019]).”
Self-citationMotz, R. T., Tanksley, P. T., Liu, H., Baye, T. M., & Barnes, J. C. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.09.008 · Cited by 8
“By conducting what are known as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), researchers have successfully identified associations between genetic variants and complex traits such as educational attainment [38], subjective well-being [39], depression [40], antisocial behavior [41], and intelligence [42].”
BackgroundThe Genome-Wide Study of Human Social Behavior and Its Application in Sociology
Tanksley, P. T., Motz, R. T., Kail, R. M., Barnes, J. C., & Liu, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00053 · Cited by 8
“…et al., 2016a), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Demontis et al., 2019), aggression (Pappa et al., 2016), antisocial behavior (Tielbeek et al., 2017), tobacco, and alcohol use (Liu et al., 2019), and educational attainment (Rietveld et al., 2013a; Okbay et al., 2016b; Lee et…”
BackgroundWhittington, R., McGuire, J., & Peres, M. F. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139086486 · Cited by 7
The Effect of MAOA and Stress Sensitivity on Crime and Delinquency: A Replication Study
Christ, C. C., Schwartz, J. A., Stoltenberg, S. F., Brauer, J. R., & Savolainen, J. (2018) · Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/1043986218770001 · Cited by 7
“Concerns with insufficient statistical power underscore the need for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the use of polygenic risk scores (PRS) over cG × E studies to investigate the genetic architecture of complex traits and behaviors (Belsky et al., 2016; Tielbeek et al., 2017).”
BackgroundPhenotypic and genetic markers of psychopathology in a population-based sample of older adults
Gard, A. M., Ware, E. B., Hyde, L. W., Schmitz, L., Faul, J. D., & Mitchell, C. M. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01354-2 · Cited by 7
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“Still, we found that the collective effect across all of the included variants (typically referred to as “SNP heritability”) explained roughly 5% of the total variation in ASB [16], which is in line with meta-analyses of the ACTION [17] and EAGLE [18] consortium.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationAcland, E. L., Pocuca, N., Paquin, S., Boivin, M., Ouellet-Morin, I., Andlauer, T. F. M., Gouin, J. P., Côté, S. M., Tremblay, R. E., Geoffroy, M., et al. (2025) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457942400004x · Cited by 6
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van de Weijer, S. G. A., & Moneva, A. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100249 · Cited by 10
Recent advances in genetics of aggressive behavior
Davydova, Y. D., Litvinov, S., Enikeeva, R. F., Malykh, S. B., & Хуснутдинова, Э. К. (2018) · Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding · doi:10.18699/vj18.415 · Cited by 7
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Beyond a Crime Gene: Genetic Literacy and Correctional Orientation
Graham, A., Barnes, J. C., Liu, H., & Cullen, F. T. (2021) · American Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1007/s12103-020-09595-5 · Cited by 5
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tielbeek, J. J., Johansson, A., Polderman, T. J. C., Rautiainen, M.-R., Jansen, P., Taylor, M., Tong, X., Lu, Q., Burt, A. S., Tiemeier, H., Viding, E., Plomin, R., Martin, N. G., Heath, A. C., Madden, P. A. F., Montgomery, G., Beaver, K. M., Waldman, I., Gelernter, J., Kranzler, H. R., Farrer, L. A., Perry, J. R. B., Munafò, M., LoParo, D., Paunio, T., Tiihonen, J., Mous, S. E., Pappa, I., de Leeuw, C., Watanabe, K., Hammerschlag, A. R., Salvatore, J. E., Aliev, F., Bigdeli, T. B., Dick, D., Faraone, S. V., Popma, A., Medland, S. E., Posthuma, D., & for the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium collaborators
- Affiliations
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- Åbo Akademi University (FI)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
- University College London (GB)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Veterans Health Administration (US)
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- Boston University (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital (NL)
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Tielbeek, Jorim J.
- ORCID
- Tielbeek, Jorim J.
- Johansson, Ada
- Polderman, Tinca J. C.
- Jansen, Philip
- Taylor, Michelle
- Tong, Xiaoran
- Lu, Qing
- Tiemeier, Henning
- Viding, Essi
- Plomin, Robert
- Martin, Nicholas G.
- Heath, Andrew C.
- Madden, Pamela A. F.
- Montgomery, Grant
- Beaver, Kevin M.
- Waldman, Irwin
- Gelernter, Joel
- Kranzler, Henry R.
- Farrer, Lindsay A.
- Perry, John R. B.
- LoParo, Devon
- Paunio, Tiina
- Tiihonen, Jari
- Mous, Sabine E.
- Pappa, Irene
- Watanabe, Kyoko
- Hammerschlag, Anke R.
- Salvatore, Jessica E.
- Bigdeli, Tim B.
- Dick, Danielle
- Faraone, Stephen V.
- Popma, Arne
- Medland, Sarah E.
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2017-12-01
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1242
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6309228
- OpenAlex
- W2762265603
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20
- FWCI
- 34.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland) (acceptedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UTUPub (University of Turku) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Åbo Akademi University Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- WOS
- Funders
- Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO 480‐05‐003, 480- 05-003, VICI 453-14-005, 406-12-131, NWO VICI 453-14-005, 453-14-005)
- Waldemar von Frenckells Stiftelse
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/2, MR/M021475/1, MC_PC_15018)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1103623)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (F32AA022269, K01AA024152)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA033346)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- antisocial behavior, genetic architecture, heritability, single nucleotide polymorphisms, genetic risk variants, pleiotropy, polygenic risk score, conduct problems, conduct disorder, substance dependence, educational attainment, European ancestry, psychiatric traits, candidate genes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Environment, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Genetic Variation, Conduct Disorder, Multifactorial Inheritance, Genome-Wide Association Study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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