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Support for mothers, fathers and families after perinatal death
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Provision of an empathetic, sensitive, caring environment and strategies to support mothers, fathers and their families experiencing perinatal death are now an accepted part of maternity services in many countries. Interventions such as psychological support or counselling, or both, have been suggested to improve outcomes for parents and families after perinatal death. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of any form of intervention (i.e. medical, nursing, midwifery, social work, psychology, counselling or community-based) on parents and families who experience perinatal death. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (28 January 2013) and article bibliographies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of any form of support aimed at encouraging acceptance of loss, bereavement counselling, or specialised psychotherapy or counselling for mothers, fathers and families experiencing perinatal death. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed eligibility of trials. MAIN RESULTS: No trials were included. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Primary healthcare interventions and a strong family and social support network are invaluable to parents and families around the time a baby dies. However, due to the lack of high-quality randomised trials conducted in this area, the true benefits of currently existing interventions aimed at providing support for mothers, fathers and families experiencing perinatal death is unclear. Further, the currently available evidence around the potential detrimental effects of some interventions (e.g. seeing and holding a deceased baby) remains inconclusive at this point in time. However, some well-designed descriptive studies have shown that, under the right circumstances and guided by compassionate, sensitive, experienced staff, parents' experiences of seeing and holding their deceased baby is often very positive. The sensitive nature of this topic and small sample sizes, make it difficult to develop rigorous clinical trials. Hence, other research designs may further inform practice in this area. Where justified, methodologically rigorous trials are needed. However, methodologically rigorous trials should be considered comparing different approaches to support.
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“However, despite shifting recommendations or lack of empirical evidence, hospital perinatal bereavement guidelines in Western cultures typically involve interdisciplinary support (social workers, chaplains, nurses), encouraging parents to choose to see and hold their baby, build attachment, and make meaning by keeping mementos.28–30”
From Bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities immediately following perinatal loss: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
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“Fifty reports pertaining to good communication reported parents’ mental health outcomes to include coping, depression, anxiety, emotional distress, frustration, and anger.”
From Bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities immediately following perinatal loss: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
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“The use of sedation or tranquilizers was identified in older literature, although this practice was also identified in a few more recent sources.”
From Bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities immediately following perinatal loss: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
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“Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (October 2008) published a series of discussion papers on cultural perspectives of care in foetal and neonatal medicine, (Evans 2008; Gatrad 2008; Husain 2008; Laing 2008; McGraw 2008; Nelson 2008; Rennie 2008; Shinwell 2008; Steer 2008; Vaughan 2008; Williams 2008).”
BackgroundWhen newborns die: do we practice what we preach?
Ransohoff-Adler, M., & Cs, B. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Psychosocial care of mothers after stillbirth
Ambuehl, E. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11535-2 · Cited by 4 · cited 1×
“The study by Hughes and colleagues has been heavily criticised by both bereaved parents and researchers who feel that the translation of the study results to all women should be made with caution due to issues with cohort representation, small sample size and the lack of detail provided around how women were presented…”
BackgroundKersting, A., Kroker, K., & Steinhard, J. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.220 · Cited by 4
Psychosocial care of mothers after stillbirth
Matthews, M., & Kohner, N. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11532-7 · Cited by 4
United States law and managing the terminally ill fetus and newborn
Nelson, L. J. (2008) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2008.03.008 · Cited by 3
Psychosocial care of mothers after stillbirth
Brooks, D. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11536-4 · Cited by 3
Palliative Versorgung bei Früh- und Reifgeborenen mit sehr ungünstiger Prognose
Schulze, A., & Wermuth, I. (2007) · Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie · doi:10.1055/s-2005-836629 · Cited by 2
Ethical dimensions of non-aggressive fetal management: A UK perspective
Steer, P. J. (2008) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2008.04.019 · Cited by 2 · cited 1×
“Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (October 2008) published a series of discussion papers on cultural perspectives of care in foetal and neonatal medicine, (Evans 2008; Gatrad 2008; Husain 2008; Laing 2008; McGraw 2008; Nelson 2008; Rennie 2008; Shinwell 2008; Steer 2008; Vaughan 2008; Williams 2008).”
BackgroundSpending cuts start to surface
Walker, C. (2010) · Nursing Children and Young People · doi:10.7748/paed.22.6.5.s1 · Cited by 2
NICE set to change its advice on holding stillborn babies
(2010) · Nursing Children and Young People · doi:10.7748/paed.22.2.5.s8 · Cited by 2
Psychosocial care of mothers after stillbirth
McCabe, A. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11533-9 · Cited by 2
Ethical dimensions of non-aggressive fetal management: An Australian perspective
Vaughan, J. (2008) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2008.04.020 · Cited by 1 · cited 1×
“Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (October 2008) published a series of discussion papers on cultural perspectives of care in foetal and neonatal medicine, (Evans 2008; Gatrad 2008; Husain 2008; Laing 2008; McGraw 2008; Nelson 2008; Rennie 2008; Shinwell 2008; Steer 2008; Vaughan 2008; Williams 2008).”
BackgroundReorientation of care in the NICU – An Australian perspective
Evans, N. (2008) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2008.04.023 · Cited by 1 · cited 1×
“Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (October 2008) published a series of discussion papers on cultural perspectives of care in foetal and neonatal medicine, (Evans 2008; Gatrad 2008; Husain 2008; Laing 2008; McGraw 2008; Nelson 2008; Rennie 2008; Shinwell 2008; Steer 2008; Vaughan 2008; Williams 2008).”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 117 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Fish, 1986, Differences in grief intensity in bereaved parents
- Forrest, 1989, Care of the bereaved after perinatal death, 1423
- Stillbirth series Lancet. Available from www.thelancet.com/series/stillbirth 2011
- Mashegoane, 1999, Stillbirth grief in hospital settings: assessing the intervention practices of professional helpers, 374
- The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2012
- Stroebe, 2008, Handbook of Bereavement Research and Practice
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stillbirths: economic and psychosocial consequences
Heazell, A. E. P., Siassakos, D., Blencowe, H., Burden, C., Bhutta, Z. A., Cacciatore, J., Dang, N., Das, J., Flenady, V., Gold, K. J., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00836-3 · Cited by 807
Self-citationDelayed vs early umbilical cord clamping for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Fogarty, M., Osborn, D. A., Askie, L. M., Seidler, A. L., Hunter, K. E., Lui, K., Simes, R. J., & Tarnow‐Mordi, W. (2017) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.231 · Cited by 524
Ellis, A., Chebsey, C., Storey, C., Bradley, S., Jackson, S., Flenady, V., Heazell, A., & Siassakos, D. (2016) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0806-2 · Cited by 322
“A Cochrane review concluded there was insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to indicate whether or not there is benefit from interventions for families after perinatal loss [26].”
BackgroundSelf-citationObst, K. L., Due, C., Oxlad, M., & Middleton, P. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2677-9 · Cited by 222
Das, J. K., Kumar, R., Salam, R. A., Lassi, Z. S., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2014) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-11-s2-s4 · Cited by 180
“A review evaluating the impact of supportive interventions for mothers, fathers or families after perinatal death did not find any study for inclusion [43].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Koopmans, L., Wilson, T., Cacciatore, J., & Flenady, V.
- Affiliations
- Mater Health Services (AU)
- Mater Mothers' Hospital (AU)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-06-19
- Volume
- 2013
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- CD000452-CD000452
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- PMC
- PMC7086381
- OpenAlex
- W1902716212
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (10/4001/02, SRP/10/4001/02)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- perinatal death, parental bereavement, psychological support, counseling, psychotherapy, family support, acceptance of loss, obstetric care, social support networks
- MeSH terms
- Bereavement, Counseling, Death, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Life Change Events, Nuclear Family, Social Support
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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