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Cited by 32Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumGlobal Maternal and Child Health

Long-term impact of intrauterine fetal death on quality of life and depression: a case–control study

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Gravensteen, Ida Kathrine, Helgadottir, Linda Bjørk, Jacobsen, Eva-Marie, Sandset, Per Morten, Ekeberg, Øivind·2012·BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
DOI 10.1186/1471-2393-12-43PMC PMC3405471
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Abstract

Background: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is a serious incidence that has been shown to impact mothers’ psychological well-being in the short-term. Long-term quality of life (QOL) and depression after IUFD is not known. This study aimed to determine the association between intrauterine fetal death and long-term QOL, well-being, and depression. Methods: Analyses were performed on collected data among 106 women with a history of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and 262 women with live births, 5–18 years after the event. Univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to quantify the association between previous fetal death and long-term QOL, well-being and depression. QOL was assessed using the QOL Index (QLI), symptoms of depression using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and subjective well-being using the General Health Questionnaire 20 (GHQ-20). Results: More of the cases had characteristics associated with lower socioeconomic status and did not rate their health as good as did the controls. The QLI health and functioning subscale score was slightly but significantly lower in the cases than in the controls (22.3. vs 23.5,P = .023). The CES-D depressed affect subscale score (2.0 vs 1.0,P = 0.004) and the CES-D global score (7.4 vs 5.0,P = .017) were higher in the cases. Subjective well-being did not differ between groups (20.6 vs 19.4,P = .094). After adjusting for demographic and health-related variables, IUFD was not associated with global QOL (P = .674), subjective well-being (P = .700), or global depression score (adjusted odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.37–1.57). Conclusions: Women with previous IUFD, of which the majority have received short-term interventions, share the same level of long-term QOL, well-being and global depression as women with live births only, when adjusted for possible confounders. Trial registration: The study was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, with registration number NCT 00856076.

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  • There is increasing evidence for associations between perinatal loss and common mental disorders including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress.

    “There is increasing evidence for associations between perinatal loss and common mental disorders including: depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress (PTS); all of which can develop in addition to the natural process of grieving (Adib-Rab et al., 2019; Gravensteen et al., 2012; Price & McLeod, 2012; Brier, 2004)”

    From The mental health impact of perinatal loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Gravensteen et al., 2012

    The Background links intrauterine fetal death to anxiety and depression in the following months and to depression and PTSD during a subsequent pregnancy. That supports the association for stillbirth, but the paper does not establish it for perinatal loss generally or say that these conditions develop in addition to natural grieving. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Gravensteen, I. K., Helgadottir, L. B., Jacobsen, E.-M., Sandset, P. M., & Ekeberg, Ø.
Affiliations
Oslo University Hospital (NO)
Corresponding author
Jacobsen, Eva-Marie
ORCID
Sandset, Per Morten
Venue
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-06-07
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
43-43
ISSN
1471-2393 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-2393-12-43
PMC
PMC3405471
OpenAlex
W2138491596
Cited by
32
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
FWCI
1.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Norges Forskningsråd
  • Helse Sør-Øst RHF
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
Keywords
intrauterine fetal death, stillbirth, quality of life, depression, maternal psychological well-being, long-term outcomes, subjective well-being, socioeconomic status, maternal mental health
MeSH terms
Adult, Depression, Female, Fetal Death, Health Status, Humans, Middle Aged, Mothers, Pregnancy, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult, Diagnostic Self Evaluation

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