Emotional Disorders and Metacognition: Innovative Cognitive Therapy
Abstract
The clinical experience of cognitive therapies is adding to the understanding of emotional disorders. Based on clinical experience and evidence, this groundbreaking book represents a development of cognitive therapy through the concept of metacognition. It provides guidelines for innovative treatments of emotional disorders and goes on to offer conceptual arguments for the future development of cognitive therapy. Offers a new concept in cognitive therapy and guidelines for innovative treatment. Clinically grounded, based on a thorough understanding of cognitive therapies in practice. Written by a recognized authority and established author.
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“94 for the total scale ) ( Wells , 2000 ) .”
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“Wells (2000) stated that worry and other symptoms are enhanced by both positive beliefs about the perceived utility of worrying and negative beliefs about the danger and uncontrollability of worrying.”
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“…this overall ability has been termed mentalization (Fonagy & Target, 1996; Target & Fonagy, 1996), metacognition (Main, 1991; Semerari et al., 2003; Wells, 2000), metarepresentation (Frith, 1992), and Correspondence: Antonio Semerari, Terzo Centro di Psicoterapia Cognitiva, Viz Ravenna, 9/c 00161,…”
BackgroundResponding mindfully to distressing psychosis: A grounded theory analysis
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“The combination of negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of thoughts along with positive beliefs about worry proposed to be associated with distress in emotional disorders (Wells, 2000) has been found in people experiencing psychosis (Baker & Morrison, 1998; Morrison & Wells, 2003).”
BackgroundAcceptance: An Historical and Conceptual Review
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“Nonattachment can also be described in terms of constructs such as “decentering” (Segal et al., 2002, p. 41), “metacognitive awareness” (Teasdale et al., 2002), “metacognitive experiencing” (Wells, 2000), and “self as context” (Strosahl et al., 2004, p. 44).”
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Self-citationMetacognition as a Mediator of the Effect of Test Anxiety on a Surface Approach to Studying
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A cognitive perspective on mindfulness
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“Although there is no direct verbal access to it (see Wells, 2000, p. 9), its content is reflected in metacognitive beliefs about thinking styles, coping, goals, etc. MSPM consists of a series of beliefs about how to organize, manage, and process the information necessary for a state of mindfulness…”
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“In view of the methodological precautions that we took, how can we interpret the potentially counterintuitive finding that optimism and pessimism are partly independent? As described by metacognitive theory (Wells, 2000), beliefs and expectations about the world must be assumed to be actively construed and revised on…”
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A Prospective Test of the Clinical Metacognitive Model of Rumination and Depression
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Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Hypnosis: <i>Cognitive and Clinical Perspectives</i>
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Metacognitive mastery dysfunctions in personality disorder psychotherapy
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“Wells (2000) noted that distracting oneself by deploying one's attentional resources underlies the strategies for controlling worry in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).”
BackgroundEvolutionary Approaches to Psychopathology and Cognitive Therapy
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“thoughts and feelings, and ruminations about one’s thoughts and feelings; a good many difficulties can arise from this level of processing (Wells, 2000).”
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A Systematic Review of Metacognitive Beliefs in Chronic Medical Conditions
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“…to identify the existence of absorption experiences and imaginative involvement, and if this were the case, to include in cognitive-behavioral intervention planning for hallucinations, patient training in distraction strategies, and attention training techniques, as described by Wells (2000).”
MethodRumination in problem drinkers
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“The activation and persistence of the CAS in response to stress is influenced primarily by top-down mechanisms, which are often triggered in response to low level automatic, or bottom-up, processing or activity (Wells, 2002).”
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“MCT emphasizes the role of thinking styles and metacognitions related to thinking—not the contents of the thoughts, but rather, how people relate to them (Wells 2000).”
BackgroundEffects of optimism on recovery and mental health after a tornado outbreak
Carbone, E. G., & Echols, E. T. (2017) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1283039 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A comparison of the effect of attention training and relaxation on responses to pain
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“The self-attention manipulation check is routinely employed following ATT and was used in the present study to assess participants’ self-focus after engaging in ATT and PMR [30].”
MethodEarly Trauma, negative affect, and anxious attachment: the role of metacognition
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“Maladaptive metacognitive knowledge and strategies are thought to maintain psychological disorder and distress (Wells, 2000).”
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Distress in Parkinson’s disease: contributions of disease factors and metacognitive style
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Self-citationWorry and rumination: do they prolong physiological and affective recovery from stress?
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An open trial of group metacognitive therapy for depression in Norway
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“These principles have been applied in the metacognitive model of PTSD (Wells 2000).”
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“In the SelfRegulatory Executive Function Model (SREF; Wells, 2000; Wells & Matthews, 1994) an alternative framework for conceptualizing psychological disorder is presented.”
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“Metacognitions can be divided into positive and negative metacognitive beliefs (Wells, 2002a), with the latter signifying a focus on the uncontrollability of cognitions and a focus on appraisals of danger.”
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Detached mindfulness and worry: a meta-cognitive analysis
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“Additionally, the findings suggest the potential efficacy of utilising principles of metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2002, 2013) in the treatment of social media addiction.”
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Responsibility to continue thinking and worrying: Evidence of incremental validity
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“In the metacognitive model of psychological distress, the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model (Wells, 2002), positive metacognitions (e.g., “If I worry I will be prepared”) are believed to drive the activation of coping strategies, such as rumination, worry and thought suppression, aimed…”
BackgroundMetacognitive self-assessment scale: psychometric properties and clinical implications
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Psychotherapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Don't Worry, It Works!
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Metacognition in Body Dysmorphic Disorder—A Preliminary Exploration
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“It may, for example, be an important route for the learning and executing of plans for dealing with danger or threat (Wells, 2000; Wells & Matthews, 1996).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA comparison of the effect of mindfulness and relaxation on responses to acute experimental pain.
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“A further consideration is the potential role of metacognitive beliefs about emotional states (Wells, 2000), since those beliefs underpin many behaviours designed to reduce such emotional activation, including substance misuse.”
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“Inclusion of such factors in executive functioning have since been provided in (a) studies of emotional disorders (e.g., Wells, 2002) and (b) an articulation of “somatic markers” or visceral-emotive tags necessary for social decision-making (Damasio, 1994).”
BackgroundMemory and metamemory for semantic information in obsessive–compulsive disorder
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Longitudinal Study of Life Events, Well-Being, Emotional Regulation and Depressive Symptomatology
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“…which views brooding as a cue to the patient to engage in behavioral activities (Addis & Martell, 2004), or attentional training to increase the metacognitive control (Papageorgiou & Wells, 2004: Wells, 2000) and thereby reduce brooding and depressive symptomatology (Papageorgiou & Wells, 2000).”
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“In addition to this, though much of the focus here has been based on ACT (as concepts and measures such as psychological flexibility and cognitive fusion come out of the ACT literature) these findings may generalize onto other third wave therapies which incorporate concepts similar to ACT such as acceptance and mindfu…”
BackgroundParental Factors Associated with Rumination Related Metacognitive Beliefs in Adolescence
Chow, K.-W., & Lo, B. C. Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00536 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Hence, they may be more prone to develop the negative metacognitive beliefs about rumination, which in turn may intensify and prolong the depressive mood according to Wells (2002) model.”
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Lønfeldt, N. N., Marin, C. E., Silverman, W. K., Reinholdt‐Dunne, M. L., & Esbjørn, B. H. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0664-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Strategic Cognition in Paranoia: The Use of Thought Control Strategies in a Non-Clinical Population
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“People use active coping strategies to manage distressing thoughts and feelings, and to reduce perceived threat (Bentall, 2003; Chadwick, 2006; Wells, 2000).”
InfluentialTransformative Leadership for Peace Negotiation
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“…in a clinical sample is important because metacognitive beliefs about rumination have been identified as a useful target for interventions aimed at reducing rumination (e.g. Wells, 2002) and knowledge concerning the above factors would inform the tailoring of such interventions to specific groups.”
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Metacognitive therapy for binge eating disorder: A case series study
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Dysfunctional metacognition processes as risk factors for drunkorexia during adolescence
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A Psychoeducational Approach to Hypochondriasis: Background, Content, and Practice Guidelines
Bouman, T. K., & Buwalda, F. M. (2008) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.11.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Akbari, M., Seydavi, M., Sheikhi, S., & Wright, P. J. (2024) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-024-10090-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rogaten, J., & Moneta, G. B. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9765-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“General metacognitions Metacognition is a multidimensional construct (e.g., Antonietti, Ignazi, & Perego, 2000; Wells, 2002) that encompasses psychological structures, beliefs, and control functions that enable an individual to interpret and modify one's own thinking (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundDo Mother’s Metacognitions, Beliefs, and Behaviors Predict Child Anxiety-Related Metacognitions?
Lønfeldt, N. N., Esbjørn, B. H., Normann, N., Breinholst, S., & Francis, S. E. B. (2017) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-017-9396-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Awenat, Y. F., Shaw-Núñez, E., KELLY, J. A., Law, H., Ahmed, S., Welford, M., Tarrier, N., & Gooding, P. A. (2016) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2016.1198827 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jansson, I., Perseius, K.-I., Gunnarsson, A., & Björklund, A. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.3109/11038128.2014.894572 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
MacArthur Competence Assessment Tools
Schaefer, L. A. (2012) · SpringerReference · doi:10.1007/springerreference_184303 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Metacognitive judgements and abilities in patients with affective disorders
Drueke, B., Gauggel, S., Weise, L., Forkmann, T., & Mainz, V. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02838-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Monitoring and Internalizing Symptoms Among Youths With Cystic Fibrosis
Bennett, D., Snooks, Q., Llera, S. J., Vogel, K., Conklin, D., & Varlotta, L. (2008) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739610802437426 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“If monitoring is found to be a risk factor for future internalizing symptoms, then interventions that may reduce the use of a high monitoring style (e.g., attention training; Wells, 2000) or promote acceptance of ambiguous bodily sensations (e.”
Background
- Authors
- Wells, A.
- Venue
- Wiley eBooks
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-01
- OpenAlex
- W2477255324
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Wiley eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- emotional disorders, metacognition, cognitive therapy, treatment guidelines, psychotherapy
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