Acceptance: An Historical and Conceptual Review

Williams, John C.; Lynn, Steven Jay

doi:10.2190/ic.30.1.c

Cited by 155Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Acceptance: An Historical and Conceptual Review

Williams, John C., Lynn, Steven Jay·2010·Imagination, Cognition and Personality

DOI 10.2190/ic.30.1.c

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Abstract

Recognition of the value of acceptance of the self, others, and the flux of human experience, has philosophical and religious roots that date back thousands of years. The past two decades have witnessed a swell of interest in acceptance, as evidenced by an increase in acceptance-based therapeutic interventions, and a growing appreciation of the paradoxical nature of acceptance and personal change and the role of experiential avoidance in psychopathology. In this article we review historical and contemporary descriptions and definitions of acceptance, measures of acceptance, the relation between acceptance and change, and the role of acceptance in psychopathology and psychotherapy. Our central objective is to delineate a rich conceptual scheme that encompasses the diverse ways in which acceptance has been explicated in classical and contemporary writings, and to highlight the need for further validation of this useful and popular construct.

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Non-judging is often considered a crucial facet of acceptance.
“It is therefore unsurprising that many conceptualizations of acceptance are centrally focused on the role of evaluations, and non-judging (also called non-evaluation) is often considered a crucial facet of acceptance (Shallcross et al., 2010; Williams and Lynn, 2010).”
From Aspects of acceptance: building a shared conceptual understanding (2024) · cites this paper as Williams and Lynn, 2010
Some disagreement exists as to whether allowing entails a neutral orientation to any given experience or a positive and welcoming orientation.
“Yet some disagreement exists as to whether allowing entails a neutral orientation to any given experience or a positive and welcoming orientation (Williams and Lynn, 2010).”
From Aspects of acceptance: building a shared conceptual understanding (2024) · cites this paper as Williams and Lynn, 2010

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“…& Williams, 2006), and on the efficacy of acceptance-based interventions (e.g., Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006; Hayes, Wilson, Gifford, Bissett, Piasecki, Batten, et al., 2004b; Lau & McMain, 2005; Longmore & Worrell, 2007; Roemer & Orsillo, 2002; Telford, Kralik, & Koch, 2006).”
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“…Dryden & Still, 2006), and study its relationship to other variables, such as psychopathology (e.g., Scott, 2007), psychological health (e.g., Chamberlain & Haaga, 2001), self-esteem (e.g., MacInnes, 2006), mindfulness (Carson & Langer, 2006), and acceptance of others (e.g., Durm & Glaze,…”
Background
Diagnosis and treatment of normal eating.
Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.5.635 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
A Preliminary trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance-abusing methadone-maintained opiate addicts
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Bissett, R., Piasecki, M., Batten, S. V., Byrd, M., & Gregg, J. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80014-5 · Cited by 283 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…genderalized anxiety disorder (Borkovec, Alcaine, & Behar, 2004), eating disorders (Kristeller & Hallett, 1999; Wilson, 1996), substance abuse (Hayes et al., 2004b), trichotilomania (Twohig & Woods, 2004), nicotine dependence (Gifford et al., 2004), and chronic pain (Dahl, Wilson, & Nilsson,…”
Background
Untitled work
(2004) · Cited by 283 · see citing works
An Open Trial of an Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.04.004 · Cited by 282 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A variety of acceptance-based treatments have been developed and investigated for use with a range of disorders, including anxiety (e.g., Roemer & Orsillo, 2007), depression (e.g., Kanter, Baruch, & Gaynor, 2006), psychosis (e.g., Pankey & Hayes, 2003), personality disorder (e.g., Gratz &…”
BackgroundMethod
Mindfulness: Method and process.
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Emotional Disorders and Metacognition: Innovative Cognitive Therapy
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“Nonattachment can also be described in terms of constructs such as “decentering” (Segal et al., 2002, p. 41), “metacognitive awareness” (Teasdale et al., 2002), “metacognitive experiencing” (Wells, 2000), and “self as context” (Strosahl et al., 2004, p. 44).”
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Buddhist philosophy and the treatment of addictive behavior
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Acceptance and denial: implications for people adapting to chronic illness: literature review
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A laboratory-based study of the relationship between childhood abuse and experiential avoidance among inner-city substance users: the role of emotional nonacceptance
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The ability of psychological flexibility and job control to predict learning, job performance, and mental health
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Competence and conformity in the acceptance of influence.
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Will therapy and Truth and reality
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A comparison of the relative utility of coping and acceptance-based measures in a sample of chronic pain sufferers
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Emotional avoidance and panicogenic responding to a biological challenge procedure
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A scale to measure acceptance of disability.
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An analysis of the relationship between acceptance of and respect for self and acceptance of and respect for others in ten counseling cases.
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A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy and habit reversal as a treatment for trichotillomania
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Integrating Mindfulness Meditation with Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies: The Challenge of Combining Acceptance- and Change-Based Strategies
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An analysis of recent meditation research and suggestions for future directions.
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HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF MINDFULNESS AND SELF-ACCEPTANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY
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A Behavior-Analytic Account of Depression and a Case Report Using Acceptance-Based Procedures
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Perfectionism and Acceptance
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Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT
Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.011 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
“…ability to allow momentary events to arise and pass (nonattachment) without evaluating (nonevaluation) them as good or bad (nonjudgment) as highly related and mutually reinforcing RUNNING HEAD: MONITOR AND ACCEPTANCE THEORY 11 features of the broader category of acceptance (Williams & Lynn, 2010).”
Background
Contemporary cognitive behavior therapy: A review of theory, history, and evidence
Thoma, N., Pilecki, B., & McKay, D. (2015) · Psychodynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/pdps.2015.43.3.423 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
From Compensatory Consumption to Adaptive Consumption: The Role of Self-Acceptance in Resolving Self-Deficits
Kim, S., & Gal, D. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/676681 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
LGBQ+ Self-Acceptance and Its Relationship with Minority Stressors and Mental Health: A Systematic Literature Review
Camp, J., Vitoratou, S., & Rimes, K. A. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01755-2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The relationship between acceptance of cancer and distress: A meta-analytic review
Secinti, E., Tometich, D. B., Johns, S. A., & Mosher, C. E. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.05.001 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Facing the fear of failure: An explorative qualitative study of client experiences in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program for university students with academic evaluation anxiety.
Hjeltnes, A., Binder, P.-E., Moltu, C., & Dundas, I. (2015) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.3402/qhw.v10.27990 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“The participants' experience of finding self-acceptance in difficult situations (theme 5) seems to resonate with theoretical formulations of an accepting or compassionate stance toward the self as an important dimension of change in psychotherapy (Gilbert, 2010; Rogers, 1995; Williams & Lynn, 2010).”
Defining Mindfulness: A Review of Existing Definitions and Suggested Refinements
Chems-Maarif, R., Cavanagh, K., Baer, R. A., Gu, J., & Strauss, C. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02507-2 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Acceptance as an Emotion Regulation Strategy in Experimental Psychological Research: What We Know and How We Can Improve That Knowledge
Wojnarowska, A., Kobylinska, D., & Lewczuk, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00242 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Neurobiological models of emotion regulation: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of acceptance as an emotion regulation strategy
Messina, I., Grecucci, A., & Viviani, R. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab007 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Strength of Self-Acceptance
Bernard, M. E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6806-6 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Moving From Acceptance Toward Transformation With Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS)
Schwartz, R. C. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22016 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
A longitudinal, mixed method evaluation of self-awareness training in the workplace
Sutton, A., Williams, H., & Allinson, C. W. (2015) · European journal of training and development · doi:10.1108/ejtd-04-2015-0031 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Know Thy Selves: Learning to Understand Oneself Increases the Ability to Understand Others
Böckler, A., Herrmann, L., Trautwein, F., Holmes, T., & Singer, T. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0023-6 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Understanding the Experience of Parents of Pre-pubescent Children with Gender Identity Issues
Gregor, C., Hingley‐Jones, H., & Davidson, S. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-014-0359-z · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Influence of value predispositions, interpersonal contact, and mediated exposure on public attitudes toward homosexuals in Singapore
Detenber, B. H., Ho, S. S., Neo, R. L., Malik, S., & Cenite, M. (2012) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12006 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Integrating mindfulness into the extended process model of emotion regulation: The dual-mode model of mindful emotion regulation.
Raugh, I. M., & Strauss, G. P. (2024) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001308 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Regulatory emotional self-efficacy and psychological distress among medical students: multiple mediating roles of interpersonal adaptation and self-acceptance
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Authors: Williams, J. C., & Lynn, S. J.
Affiliations: VA Long Beach Healthcare System (US)
Binghamton University (US)
Corresponding author: Williams, John C.
ORCID: Lynn, Steven Jay
Venue: Imagination, Cognition and Personality
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Pages: 5-56
ISSN: 0276-2366 (ISSN-L)
1541-4477
DOI: 10.2190/ic.30.1.c
OpenAlex: W2098273590
Cited by: 155
References: 354
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 7.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Imagination Cognition and Personality (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: acceptance, acceptance-based therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, experiential avoidance, psychopathology, personal transformation

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Acceptance: An Historical and Conceptual Review

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