Comparisons of memories for traumatic events and other experiences
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the similarities and differences between memory ratings for traumatic, negative, and positive life experiences. A sample of 113 female undergraduates completed a packet of questionnaires that included memory rating scales for all three types of experiences and measures of psychological functioning. Analyses revealed that traumatic experiences and negative experiences were less well‐recalled than positive experiences with regard to some sensory information and some aspects of the narrative structure of the event. In addition, there were no differences between some memory ratings for different types of life events. Additionally, no clear relationships emerged between memory ratings and measures of psychological functioning. Findings tend to support theoretical perspectives that emphasize more limited memory for traumatic experiences relative to memory for other experiences. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Overall, individuals with higher trait dissociation do not consistently report higher meta-memory fragmentation.
“Overall, in contrast to findings for peritraumatic dissociation, individuals with higher trait dissociation do not consistently report higher meta-memory fragmentation (Byrne et al., 2001; Engelhard et al., 2003; Kindt & van den Hout, 2003; Kindt et al., 2005; Peace et al., 2008; Rubin et al., 2004; van der Hart et al., 2005).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Byrne et al., 2001
Byrne et al. (2001) found that trait dissociation assessed with the DES was not significantly associated with fragmentation indices on the MCQ.
“Trait dissociation, assessed with the DES, was not significantly associated with fragmentation indices on this measure.”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Byrne et al., 2001
In a sample with varied trauma exposure, trait dissociation assessed post-event was not meaningfully associated with meta-memory fragmentation.
“Overall, in a sample with varied trauma exposure, trait dissociation assessed post-event was not meaningfully associated with meta-memory fragmentation.”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Byrne et al., 2001
Higher trait dissociation was not reliably associated with higher meta-memory fragmentation in most studies.
“Higher trait dissociation was not reliably associated with higher meta-memory fragmentation in most studies (Byrne et al., 2001; Engelhard et al., 2003; Kindt & van den Hout, 2003; Kindt et al., 2005; Peace et al., 2008; Rubin et al., 2004).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Byrne et al., 2001
When fragmentation is operationalized as specific tangible elements, relationships between higher dissociation and fragmentation were elusive across meta-memory, rater-based coding, and objective performance indices.
“Interestingly, when operationalizing fragmentation as a construct comprised of specific tangible elements (e.g., repetitions, sensory aspects), whether rated by meta-memory, rater-based coding, or objective performance based indices, relationships between higher dissociation and fragmentation were illusive (e.g., Byrne et al., 2001; Kindt et al., 2005; Peace et al., 2008; Rubin et al., 2004; Zoell”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Byrne et al., 2001
Most studies did not show significant relationships between general trait dissociation and fragmentation.
“However, most studies did not show significant relationships between general trait dissociation and fragmentation (Byrne et al., 2001; Engelhard et al., 2003; Kindt & van den Hout, 2003; Kindt et al., 2005; Peace et al., 2008; Rubin et al., 2004)”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Byrne et al., 2001
Fragmentation in trauma narratives and comparison narratives often looks similar.
“Indeed, fragmentation in trauma and comparison narratives often looks similar (e.g., Byrne et al., 2001; Porter & Birt, 2001; Rubin et al., 2004).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Byrne et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Byrne, C. A., Hyman, I. E., & Scott, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Western Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Byrne, Christina A.
- Venue
- Applied Cognitive Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 7
- ISSN
- 0888-4080 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0720
- OpenAlex
- W2030752431
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Cognitive Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- negative life events, sensory memory, narrative structure, psychological functioning, women
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