Metacognition, memory disorganization and rumination in posttraumatic stress symptoms
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the relative contribution of memory disorganization and beliefs about trauma memory in the prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms. A sample of 95 student nurses and midwives narrated their memory of the most distressing placement related event they had experienced. Several questionnaires were administered, including the Beliefs about Memory Questionnaire (BAMQ), which was devised for the study. Pearson's correlations, hierarchical analyses and mediation analyses were performed on the data. The reliability and validity of the BAMQ gained preliminary support. Beliefs about the trauma memory, but not memory disorganization within the trauma narrative, predicted a significant proportion of the variance in posttraumatic stress symptoms after control variables were accounted for. Consistent with the metacognitive model of PTSD, the use of rumination mediated the relationship between beliefs about the trauma memory and PTSD symptoms. The findings provide preliminary support for the role of meta-memory in the maintenance of PTSD symptoms and question the importance of memory disorganization.
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Findings in mental health settings demonstrate that metacognitive beliefs are associated with anxiety and depression and that negative metacognitive beliefs of uncontrollability and danger show the strongest and most reliable relationships with these symptoms.
“The results of the review mirror findings in mental health settings, which demonstrate that metacognitive beliefs are associated with anxiety and depression [29, 70–77] and that negative metacognitive beliefs of uncontrollability and danger show the strongest and most reliable relationships with these symptoms [29].”
From Metacognitive beliefs and their relationship with anxiety and depression in physical illnesses: A systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [70]
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Wells, A., & McNicol, K. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118775349.ch37
- Authors
- Bennett, H., & Wells, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bennett, Hazel
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 318-325
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164631352
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, metacognition, rumination, traumatic memory, metamemory, nursing students, midwives, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Awareness, Cognition, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Midwifery, Models, Psychological, Occupational Diseases, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Students, Nursing, Narration, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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