Cited by 1,373Memory Processes and InfluencesIdentity, Memory, and TherapyMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Flashbulb memories

Brown, Roger, Kulik, James·1977·Cognition

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-x

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • AI-produced glitch memories are like a reversal of flashbulb memories.

    “AI-produced glitch memories are like a reversal of ' flashbulb memories ' (Brown and Kulik 1977; Conway 1995; Neisser 1982/2000), namely human memories recalled so vividly and with such clarity, they are said to possess a ' photographic ' quality (Hoskins 2009b).”

    From AI and memory (2024) · cites this paper as Brown and Kulik 1977

  • A distinction between memory systems specialized for verbal and perceptual (visual, spatial, auditory, olfactory) material has emerged from studies of both short-term and long-term memory for nonautobiographical material.

    “As proposed by a number of theorists (R. Brown & Kulik, 1977; Chun & Johnson, 2011; Johnson & Multhaup, 1992; Paivio, 1971; Pillemer, 1998), a distinction between memory systems specialized for verbal and perceptual (visual, spatial, auditory, olfactory) material has emerged from studies of both short-term and long-term memory for nonautobiographical material.”
  • Flashbulb memories are highly durable, explicit recollections of the details of events that had transpired during emotional experiences.

    “Flashbulb memories are highly durable, explicit recollections of the details of events that had transpired during emotional experiences (Brown and Kulik [37]; Schmidt [92]).”
  • Flashbulb memories are usually recalled with a higher degree of confidence than other memories of equal age, even when individuals are confronted with evidence that the event in memory could not have occurred as it is remembered.

    “Flashbulb memories are usually recalled with a higher degree of confidence than other memories of equal age (Brown & Kulik, 1977;Talarico & Rubin, 2003), even when individuals are confronted with evidence that the event in memory could not have occurred as it is remembered (Neisser & Harsch, 1992).”

    From Emotional Intensity Predicts Autobiographical Memory Experience (2004) · cites this paper as Brown & Kulik, 1977

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Authors
Brown, R., & Kulik, J.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Venue
Cognition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1977-01
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
73-99
ISSN
0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4247463058
Cited by
1,373
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 41
FWCI
0.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Cognition (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
flashbulb memory, surprise, consequentiality, emotional arousal, memory rehearsal, memory elaboration, autobiographical memory, John F. Kennedy assassination, eyewitness memory

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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