Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems that Combine Hard and Soft Materials for Demanding Applications in Sweat Capture and Analysis
Abstract
Eccrine sweat contains a rich blend of electrolytes, metabolites, proteins, metal ions, and other biomarkers. Changes in the concentrations of these chemical species can indicate alterations in hydration status and they can also reflect health conditions such as cystic fibrosis, schizophrenia, and depression. Recent advances in soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems enable real-time measurement of local sweat loss and sweat biomarker concentrations, with a wide range of applications in healthcare. Uses in certain contexts involve, however, physical impacts on the body that can dynamically deform these platforms, with adverse effects on measurement reliability. The work presented here overcomes this limitation through the use of microfluidic structures constructed in relatively high modulus polymers, and designed in geometries that offer soft, system level mechanics when embedded low modulus elastomers. Analytical models and finite element analysis quantitatively define the relevant mechanics of these systems, and serve as the basis for layouts optimized to allow robust operation in demanding, rugged scenarios such as those encountered in football, while preserving mechanical stretchability for comfortable, water-tight bonding to the skin. Benchtop testing and on-body field studies of measurements of sweat loss and chloride concentration under imposed mechanical stresses and impacts demonstrate the key features of these platforms.
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The Rogers group found that wearable colorimetric/fluorometric microfluidics were a suitable platform for various sweat biosensing, such as sweat rate, electrolytes, pH, vitamin C, lactate, glucose, creatinine, ammonia and ethanol.
“For instance, the Rogers group found that wearable colorimetric/fluorometric microfluidics were a suitable platform for various sweat biosensing, such as sweat rate [132], electrolytes [133], pH [134], vitamin C [135], lactate [136], glucose [136], creatinine [132] and, ammonia and ethanol [137].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [133]
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- Authors
- Choi, J., Chen, S., Deng, Y., Xue, Y., Reeder, J. T., Franklin, D., Oh, Y. S., Model, J. B., Aranyosi, A. J., Lee, S. P., Ghaffari, R., Huang, Y., & Rogers, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Kookmin University (KR)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rogers, John A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Healthcare Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-09-29
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e2000722-e2000722
- ISSN
- 2192-2640 (ISSN-L)
- 2192-2659
- OpenAlex
- W3090380082
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Healthcare Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University (DMR‐1720139)
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Keywords
- sweat analysis, eccrine sweat, sweat biomarkers, chloride concentration, hydration status, stretchability, elastomers, impact resistance, finite element analysis, wearable sensors
- MeSH terms
- Electrolytes, Skin, Sweat, Reproducibility of Results, Microfluidics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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