Nanotheranostics: Congo Red/Rutin‐MNPs with Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and H2O2‐Responsive Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease in APPswe/PS1dE9 Transgenic Mice
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As nanotheranostics, Congo red/Rutin-MNPs combine the abilities of diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biocompatible nanotheranostics system based on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, with ultrasmall size and excellent magnetic properties, can specifically detect amyloid plaques by magnetic resonance imaging, realize targeted delivery of AD therapeutic agents, achieve drug controlled release by H2O2 response, and prevent oxidative stress.
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A significant portion of studies use MRI with contrast agents based on gadolinium, SPIONs, or manganese ions, reflecting the researchers' desire to create platforms potentially applicable in clinical practice.
“A significant portion of the studies use MRI with contrast agents based on gadolinium [70,71], SPIONs [58,63,73,83], or manganese ions [72], reflecting the researchers’ desire to create platforms potentially applicable in clinical practice.”
From Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
Many studies include an antioxidant component aimed at reducing ROS and an anti-inflammatory effect via delivery of immunosuppressants.
“Many studies also include an antioxidant component aimed at reducing the level of ROS [64,72,78,80,83], and an anti-inflammatory effect, implemented through the delivery of immunosuppressants [70,71].”
From Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
CDs and triggerable-release systems appear particularly promising for further development, as they address two key challenges: CDs combine intrinsic fluorescence with therapeutic activity in a single ultrasmall particle, while triggerable-release systems enable on-demand therapy activation using pathological signals, mitigating dose and pharmacokinetic conflicts.
“Among the platforms surveyed, CDs [78,79] and triggerable-release systems [83] appear particularly promising for further development, as they address two key challenges identified in our analysis: CDs combine intrinsic fluorescence with therapeutic activity in a single ultrasmall particle (bypassing the need for additional diagnostic labels), while triggerable-release systems enable on-demand ther”
From Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
The effectiveness of therapy is confirmed in most studies on cellular models, where a significant increase in survival of neuronal cells upon exposure to toxic concentrations of Aβ is shown.
“The effectiveness of therapy is confirmed in most studies on cellular models, where a significant increase in the survival of neuronal cells upon exposure to toxic concentrations of Aβ is shown [29,64,72,76,77,78,80,83].”
From Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
In animal models, reduction in amyloid plaque burden, decrease in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and improvement in cognitive functions in behavioral tests have been demonstrated.
“In animal models, a reduction in the burden of amyloid plaques [58,68,75], a decrease in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, as well as an improvement in cognitive functions in behavioral tests [58,64,72,73,83,85] have been demonstrated.”
From Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
Leading examples exhibit true component synergy.
“Leading examples exhibit true component synergy [64,69,83].”
From Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
Alternative targeting strategies include peptide ligands targeting hyperphosphorylated tau, BBB penetration property, small molecules binding beta-sheet structure, and electrostatic interactions.
“Alternative strategies include the use of peptide ligands targeting hyperphosphorylated tau protein [64] or the property of penetrating the BBB [58,72], as well as small molecules that bind to the beta-sheet structure of amyloid fibrils [83]. In some works, specificity is achieved through electrostatic interactions between the charged surface of Nps and negatively charged amyloid aggregates [68].”
From Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Analysis of Conceptual Contradictions (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles incorporated with Congo red/Rutin can detect amyloid plaque by MRI, achieve controlled release of drugs and prevent oxidative damage.
“Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles incorporated with Congo red/Rutin have been developed which can not only detect amyloid plaque by magnetic resonance imaging but also achieve controlled release of drugs and prevent oxidative damage [110].”
From Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- Hu, B., Dai, F., Fan, Z., Ma, G., Tang, Q., & Zhang, X.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital (CN)
- Ocean University of China (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Qunwei
- Zhang, Xin
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-08-13
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 5499-5505
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W2155068136
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 3.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ir.ipe.ac.cn
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institute of Process Engineering, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21304099, 51203162, 51373177)
- National High Technology Research and Development Program (2014AA020708, 2012AA020804)
- Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (YZ201253, YZ201313)
- Open Funding Project of the National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering (Y22504A169)
- “Strategic Priority Research Program” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA09030301-3)
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Z141100000214010)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Keywords
- nanotheranostics, Congo red, rutin, magnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques, magnetic resonance imaging, controlled drug release, oxidative stress, APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice
- MeSH terms
- Theranostic Nanomedicine, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Congo Red, Contrast Media, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Carriers, Ferric Compounds, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mice, Transgenic, Rutin, Drug Delivery Systems, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotective Agents, Cell Line, Tumor, Presenilin-1, Magnetite Nanoparticles, Plaque, Amyloid, Drug Liberation
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