A genome-wide identified risk variant for PTSD is a methylation quantitative trait locus and confers decreased cortical activation to fearful faces
Open accessAbstract
Genetic factors appear to be highly relevant to predicting differential risk for the development of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a discovery sample, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for PTSD using a small military cohort (Systems Biology PTSD Biomarkers Consortium; SBPBC, N = 147) that was designed as a case‐controlled sample of highly exposed, recently returning veterans with and without combat‐related PTSD. A genome‐wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs717947, at chromosome 4p15 (N = 147, β = 31.34, P = 1.28 × 10 −8 ) was found to associate with the gold‐standard diagnostic measure for PTSD (the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale). We conducted replication and follow‐up studies in an external sample, a larger urban community cohort (Grady Trauma Project, GTP, N = 2006), to determine the robustness and putative functionality of this risk variant. In the GTP replication sample, SNP rs717947 associated with PTSD diagnosis in females (N = 2006, P = 0.005), but not males. SNP rs717947 was also found to be a methylation quantitative trait locus (meQTL) in the GTP replication sample (N = 157, P = 0.002). Further, the risk allele of rs717947 was associated with decreased medial and dorsolateral cortical activation to fearful faces (N = 53, P < 0.05) in the GTP replication sample. These data identify a genome‐wide significant polymorphism conferring risk for PTSD, which was associated with differential epigenetic regulation and with differential cortical responses to fear in a replication sample. These results may provide new insight into understanding genetic and epigenetic regulation of PTSD and intermediate phenotypes that contribute to this disorder. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is accumulating evidence for gene programming and epigenetic regulation of specific genes in the pathophysiology of PTSD in humans.
“There is accumulating evidence for gene programming and epigenetic regulation of specific genes in the pathophysiology of PTSD in humans (399–402).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [402]
The Results section (‘rs717947 is a Methylation QTL’; page unavailable) links a PTSD-associated variant to differences in DNA methylation in a human cohort. But the Discussion (page unavailable) says the region is intergenic and its effects on neighboring genes remain uncertain; the paper does not establish programming or epigenetic regulation of specific genes in PTSD pathophysiology. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · see citing works
PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.
Purcell, S., Neale, B., Todd-Brown, K., Thomas, L., Ferreira, M. A. R., Bender, D., Maller, J., Sklar, P., de Bakker, P. I. W., Daly, M. J., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/519795 · Cited by 34,089 · see citing works
Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies
Price, A. L., Patterson, N. J., Plenge, R. M., Weinblatt, M. E., Shadick, N. A., & Reich, D. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1847 · Cited by 10,248 · see citing works
Selective Cortical Undercutting As a Means of Modifying and Studying Frontal Lobe Function in Man
Scoville, W. B. (1949) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1949.6.1.0065 · Cited by 7,373 · see citing works
The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106 · Cited by 5,024 · see citing works
Assessing the impact of life changes: Development of the Life Experiences Survey.
Sarason, I. G., Johnson, J. H., & Siegel, J. M. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.46.5.932 · Cited by 2,788 · see citing works
Rethinking feelings: an fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion
Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902760807212 · Cited by 2,520 · see citing works
Conserved role of intragenic DNA methylation in regulating alternative promoters
Maunakea, A. K., Nagarajan, R. P., Bilenky, M., Ballinger, T. J., D’Souza, C., Fouse, S. D., Johnson, B. E., Hong, C., Nielsen, C., Zhao, Y., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09165 · Cited by 1,743 · see citing works
Teschendorff, A. E., Marabita, F., Lechner, M., Bartlett, T. E., Tegner, J. N., Gómez-Cabrero, D., & Beck, S. (2012) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts680 · Cited by 1,652 · see citing works
Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder
Pitman, R. K., Rasmusson, A. M., Koenen, K. C., Shin, L. M., Orr, S. P., Gilbertson, M. W., Milad, M. R., & Liberzon, I. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3339 · Cited by 1,529 · see citing works
Binder, E. B. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.11.1291 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
Self-citationPost-traumatic stress disorder is associated with PACAP and the PAC1 receptor
Ressler, K. J., Mercer, K. B., Bradley, B., Jovanovic, T., Mahan, A., Kerley, K., Norrholm, S. D., Kilaru, V., Smith, A. K., Myers, A. J., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09856 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Self-citationTrue, W. R. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160019002 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Training and quality assurance with the structured clinical interview for DSM-iV (SCID-I/P)
Ventura, J., Liberman, R. P., Green, M. F., Shaner, A., & Mintz, J. (1998) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00038-9 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Mehta, D., Klengel, T., Conneely, K. N., Smith, A. K., Altmann, A., Pace, T. W., Rex-Haffner, M., Loeschner, A., Gonik, M., Mercer, K. B., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1217750110 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Self-citation(1993) · Behavior Therapy · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Vogt, D. S., Smith, B. N., King, L. A., King, D. W., Knight, J., & Vasterling, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21868 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Yehuda, R., Flory, J. D., Bierer, L. M., Henn-Haase, C., Lehrner, A., Desarnaud, F., Makotkine, I., Daskalakis, N. P., Marmar, C. R., & Meaney, M. J. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.006 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationStevens, J. S., Jovanovic, T., Fani, N., Ely, T. D., Glover, E. M., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. J. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.031 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationAbu-Safieh, L., Alrashed, M., Anazi, S., Alkuraya, H., Khan, A. O., Al-Owain, M., Al-Zahrani, J., Al-Abdi, L., Hashem, M., Al-Tarimi, S., et al. (2013) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.144105.112 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Fani, N., Tone, E. B., Phifer, J., Norrholm, S. D., Bradley, B., Ressler, K. J., Kamkwalala, A., & Jovanovic, T. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001565 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, A. K., Kilaru, V., Kocak, M., Almli, L. M., Mercer, K. B., Ressler, K. J., Tylavsky, F. A., & Conneely, K. N. (2014) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-145 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationLogue, M. W., Baldwin, C. T., Guffanti, G., Melista, E., Wolf, E. J., Reardon, A. F., Uddin, M., Wildman, D. E., Galea, S., Koenen, K. C., et al. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.113 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
CpGassoc: an R function for analysis of DNA methylation microarray data
Barfield, R., Kilaru, V., Smith, A. K., & Conneely, K. N. (2012) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts124 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationProinflammatory milieu in combat-related PTSD is independent of depression and early life stress
Lindqvist, D., Wolkowitz, O. M., Mellon, S., Yehuda, R., Flory, J. D., Henn-Haase, C., Bierer, L. M., Abu-Amara, D., Coy, M., Neylan, T. C., et al. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.003 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationAllard, C. B. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1539 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Genome-wide Association Study Identifies New Susceptibility Loci for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Xie, P., Kranzler, H. R., Yang, C., Zhao, H., Farrer, L. A., & Gelernter, J. E. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.013 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Amygdala-Dependent Fear Is Regulated by Oprl1 in Mice and Humans with PTSD
Andero, R., Brothers, S. P., Jovanović, T., Chen, Y. T., Salah-Uddin, H., Cameron, M. D., Bannister, T. D., Almli, L. M., Stevens, J. S., Bradley, B., et al. (2013) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3005656 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationPACAP receptor gene polymorphism impacts fear responses in the amygdala and hippocampus
Stevens, J. S., Almli, L. M., Fani, N., Gutman, D. A., Bradley, B., Norrholm, S. D., Reiser, E., Ely, T. D., Dhanani, R., Glover, E. M., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318954111 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk factors for suicide attempts among African American women
Kaslow, N., Thompson, M. P., Meadows, L. A., Chance, S., Puett, R., Hollins, L., Jessee, S., & Kellermann, A. (2000) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:1 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Genetic approaches to understanding post-traumatic stress disorder
Almli, L. M., Fani, N., Smith, A. K., & Ressler, K. J. (2014) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145713001090 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationGuffanti, G., Galea, S., Yan, L., Roberts, A. L., Solovieff, N., Aiello, A. E., Smoller, J. W., De Vivo, I., Ranu, H., Uddin, M., et al. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.014 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Power of Selective Genotyping in Genetic Association Analyses of Quantitative Traits
Van Gestel, S., Houwing-Duistermaat, J. J., Adolfsson, R., van Duijn, C. M., & Van Broeckhoven, C. (2000) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1001907321955 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Almli, L. M., Mercer, K. B., Kerley, K. A., Feng, H., Bradley, B., Conneely, K. N., & Ressler, K. J. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32145 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationSpontaneous brain activity in combat related PTSD
Yan, X., Brown, A. D., Lazar, M., Cressman, V. L., Henn‐Haase, C., Neylan, T. C., Shalev, A. Y., Wolkowitz, O. M., Hamilton, S. P., Yehuda, R., et al. (2013) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.032 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrecting Systematic Inflation in Genetic Association Tests That Consider Interaction Effects
Almli, L. M., Duncan, R., Feng, H., Ghosh, D., Binder, E. B., Bradley, B., Ressler, K. J., Conneely, K. N., & Epstein, M. P. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1339 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationGenome‐wide association study of sleep duration in the F innish population
Ollila, H. M., Kettunen, J., Pietiläinen, O. P. H., Lammi, V., Silander, K., Kronholm, E., Perola, M., Lahti, J. M. T., Räikkönen, K., Widén, E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12175 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cadherin expression delineates the divisions of the postnatal and adult mouse amygdala
Hertel, N., Redies, C., & Medina, L. M. (2012) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23140 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Koenen, K. C., Duncan, L. E., Liberzon, I., & Ressler, K. J. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.022 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationGillespie, C. F., Almli, L. M., Smith, A. K., Bradley, B., Kerley, K. A., Crain, D. F., Mercer, K. B., Weiss, T., Phifer, J. E., Tang, Y., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32147 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationARAP2 Signals through Arf6 and Rac1 to Control Focal Adhesion Morphology*
Chen, P.-W., Jian, X., Yoon, H., & Randazzo, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.415778 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Li, X., Baker‐Andresen, D., Zhao, Q., Marshall, V. M., & Bredy, T. W. (2014) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12150 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Handbook on Analyzing Human Genetic Data
Lin, S., & Zhao, H. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69264-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Post-traumatic stress disorder.
Yehuda, R., Hoge, C. W., McFarlane, A. C., Vermetten, E., Lanius, R. A., Nievergelt, C. M., Hobfoll, S. E., Koenen, K. C., Neylan, T. C., & Hyman, S. E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.57 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain circuit dysfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder: from mouse to man
Fenster, R. J., Lebois, L. A. M., Ressler, K. J., & Suh, J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0039-7 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Self-citationAgorastos, A., Pervanidou, P., Chrousos, G. P., & Baker, D. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00118 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Genome-wide Association Studies of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in 2 Cohorts of US Army Soldiers
Stein, M. B., Chen, C., Ursano, R. J., Cai, T., Gelernter, J. E., Heeringa, S. G., Jain, S., Jensen, K. P., Maihofer, A. X., Mitchell, C. M., et al. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0350 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Bandelow, B., Baldwin, D. S., Abelli, M., Altamura, C. A., Dell’Osso, B. M., Domschke, K., Fineberg, N. A., Grünblatt, E., Jarema, M., Maron, E., et al. (2016) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2016.1181783 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Recent Genetics and Epigenetics Approaches to PTSD
Daskalakis, N. P., Rijal, C. M., King, C. D., Huckins, L. M., & Ressler, K. J. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0898-7 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationMaul, S., Giegling, I., Fabbri, C., Corponi, F., Serretti, A., & Rujescu, D. (2020) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32763 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Gene × Environment Determinants of Stress- and Anxiety-Related Disorders
Sharma, S. K., Powers, A. D., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. J. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033408 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationAgorastos, A., Pervanidou, P., Chrousos, G. P., & Kolaitis, G. A. (2018) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-018-0065-x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A Genome-Wide Association Study of a Biomarker of Nicotine Metabolism
Loukola, A., Buchwald, J., Gupta, R., Palviainen, T., Hällfors, J., Tikkanen, E., Korhonen, T., Ollikainen, M., Sarin, A., Ripatti, S., et al. (2015) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005498 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The genetics and epigenetics of PTSD: overview, recent advances, and future directions
Sheerin, C. M., Lind, M. J., Bountress, K. E., Nugent, N. R., & Amstadter, A. B. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.09.003 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
A review of epigenetic contributions to post-traumatic stress disorder
Howie, J. H., Rijal, C. M., & Ressler, K. J. (2019) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2019.21.4/kressler · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationRyan, J., Chaudieu, I., Ancelin, M.-L., & Saffery, R. (2016) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2016-0083 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Matosin, N., Cruceanu, C., & Binder, E. B. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017710764 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationMehta, D., Bruenig, D., Carrillo‐Roa, T., Lawford, B., Harvey, W., Morris, C. P., Smith, A. K., Binder, E. B., Young, R. M., & Voisey, J. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12778 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationSchultebraucks, K., & Galatzer‐Levy, I. R. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22384 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Iyer, S., Kilaru, V., Almli, L., Stevens, J. S., Jovanović, T., Conneely, K., Wingo, A., Smith, A. K., Ressler, K. J., Lori, A., et al. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.69 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationNoncoding RNAs: Stress, Glucocorticoids, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Daskalakis, N. P., Provost, A. C., Hunter, R. G., & Guffanti, G. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.009 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A Multi-Omics Perspective of Quantitative Trait Loci in Precision Medicine
Ye, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., Diao, L., & Han, L. (2020) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2020.01.009 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sleep in PTSD: Conceptual model and novel directions in brain-based research and interventions
Germain, A., McKeon, A. B., & Campbell, R. L. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.12.004 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Genomic Approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Psychiatric Genomic Consortium Initiative
Nievergelt, C. M., Ashley‐Koch, A. E., Dalvie, S., Hauser, M. A., Morey, R. A., Smith, A. K., & Uddin, M. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.020 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA methylation correlates of PTSD: Recent findings and technical challenges
Morrison, F. G., Miller, M. W., Logue, M. W., Assef, M., & Wolf, E. J. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.011 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
DNA methylation analysis from saliva samples for epidemiological studies
Nishitani, S., Parets, S. E., Haas, B. W., & Smith, A. K. (2018) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2018.1461295 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrating NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) into PTSD Research
Schmidt, U., & Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_1 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Seligowski, A. V., Misganaw, B., Duffy, L., Ressler, K. J., & Guffanti, G. (2022) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21111113 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationAgorastos, A., & Linthorst, A. C. E. (2016) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/jpi.12330 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Neuroepigenetics of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Kim, G. S., Smith, A. K., Nievergelt, C. M., & Uddin, M. (2018) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationRDoC and translational perspectives on the genetics of trauma‐related psychiatric disorders
Montalvo‐Ortiz, J. L., Gelernter, J. E., Hudziak, J. J., & Kaufman, J. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32395 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Exome sequencing of healthy phenotypic extremes links TROVE2 to emotional memory and PTSD
Heck, A., Milnik, A., Vukojević, V., Petrovska, J., Egli, T., Singer, J., Escobar, P., Sengstag, T., Coynel, D., Freytag, V., et al. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0081 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Woo, H. J., Yu, C., Kumar, K., & Jaques Reifman, A. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.61 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Genetic risk mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder in the human brain
Bharadwaj, R. A., Jaffe, A. E., Chen, Q., Deep‐Soboslay, A., Goldman, A. L., Mighdoll, M. I., Cotoia, J. A., Brandtjen, A. C., Shin, J. H., Hyde, T. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23957 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Effects of a BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Bountress, K. E., Bacanu, S., Tomko, R. L., Korte, K. J., Hicks, T. A., Sheerin, C. M., Lind, M. J., Marraccini, M. E., Nugent, N. R., & Amstadter, A. B. (2017) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000489407 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Neuroimaging genetic approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Lebois, L. A. M., Wolff, J. D., & Ressler, K. J. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.019 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationPolimanti, R. A., Amstadter, A. B., Stein, M. T., Almli, L. M., Baker, D. G., Bierut, L. J., Bradley, B., Farrer, L. A., Johnson, E. O., King, A. P. J., et al. (2017) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0491-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom genetics to systems biology of stress-related mental disorders
Dalvie, S., Chatzinakos, C., Zoubi, O. A., Georgiadis, F., Lancashire, L., & Daskalakis, N. P. (2021) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100393 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Carvalho, C. M., Coimbra, B. M., Ota, V., Mello, M. F., & Belangero, S. I. (2017) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32564 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tamman, A. J. F., Sippel, L. M., Han, S., Neria, Y., Krystal, J. H., Southwick, S. M., Gelernter, J. E., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2017) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2017.1376114 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Modeling Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Way Forward for Future Discovery
Turner, R. C., Lucke-Wold, B. P., Logsdon, A. F., Robson, M. J., Lee, J. M., Bailes, J. E., Dashnaw, M. L., Huber, J. D., Petraglia, A. L., & Rosen, C. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00223 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Genome-wide association study of subcortical brain volume in PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls
Morey, R. A., Davis, S. L., Garrett, M. E., Haswell, C. C., Workgroup, M.-A. M., Marx, C. E., Beckham, J. C., McCarthy, G., Hauser, M. A., & Ashley‐Koch, A. E. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0021-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bearer, E. L., & Mulligan, B. S. (2018) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/1389202919666180307150508 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wilker, S., Schneider, A., Conrad, D., Pfeiffer, A., Boeck, C., Lingenfelder, B., Freytag, V., Vukojević, V., Vogler, C., Milnik, A., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0297-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Insights into genetic susceptibility in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth
Smith, A. K., Parets, S. E., & Knight, A. K. (2015) · The Application of Clinical Genetics · doi:10.2147/tacg.s58612 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationArtificial Intelligence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Malgaroli, M., & Schultebraucks, K. (2020) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000423 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A Clinician’s Guide to PTSD Biomarkers and Their Potential Future Use
Yang, S. M., Wynn, G. H., & Ursano, R. J. (2018) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20170045 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Multivariate genome-wide analysis of stress-related quantitative phenotypes
Schijven, D., Geuze, E., Vinkers, C. H., Pulit, S. L., Schür, R. R., Malgaz, M., Bekema, E., Medic, J., van der Kust, K. E., Veldink, J. H., et al. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.012 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cosentino, L., Vigli, D., Medici, V., Flor, H., Lucarelli, M., Fuso, A., & Filippis, B. D. (2019) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.06.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Meckes, J. K., Lim, P. H., Wert, S. L., Luo, W., Gacek, S. A., Platt, D., Jankord, R., Saar, K., & Redei, E. E. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194293 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Meng, P., Zhang, H., Jia, Y., Wen, Y. F., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Li, C., Pan, C., Cheng, S., et al. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13081341 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Clinical potential of epigenetic and microRNA biomarkers in PTSD
Wellington, N. J., Bouças, A. P., Lagopoulos, J., & Kuballa, A. (2024) · Journal of Neurogenetics · doi:10.1080/01677063.2024.2419098 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Role of Genetics and Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Pape, J. C., & Binder, E. B. (2016) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20160729-02 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationEpigenetic Alterations in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Comprehensive Review of Molecular Markers
Golubeva, E., Zeltser, A., Zorkina, Y., Ochneva, A., Tsurina, A. M., Andreyuk, D., Kostyuk, G. P., & Morozova, A. Y. (2024) · Complex Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000541822 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Detecting methylation quantitative trait loci using a methylation random field method
Lyu, C., Huang, M., Liu, N., Chen, Z., Lupo, P. J., Tycko, B., Witte, J. S., Hobbs, C. A., & Li, M. (2021) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbab323 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Epigenetic Approach to PTSD: In the Aspects of Rat Models
Aykaç, A., & Kalkan, R. (2021) · Global Medical Genetics · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736633 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Radhakrishnan, K., Aslan, M., Harrington, K. M., Pietrzak, R. H., Huang, G. D., Muralidhar, S., Cho, K., Quaden, R. M., GAGNON, D. R., Pyarajan, S., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1767 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Erjavec, G. N., Štrac, D. Š., Tudor, L., Konjevod, M., Šagud, M., & Pivac, N. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Islam, F., Lisoway, A. J., Oh, E., Fiori, L., Magarbeh, L., Elsheikh, S., Kim, H. K., Kloiber, S., Kennedy, J. L., Frey, B., et al. (2023) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-2313-9979 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Herrold, A. A., Smith, B., Aaronson, A. L., Coleman, J., & Pape, T. (2019) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usy306 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Intersection of Environment and the Genome in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Ressler, K. J. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0349 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, Q., Han, Y., Lam, J. C. K., Bai, R., Gozes, I., & Li, V. O. K. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.23285175 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hanson, T., Spencer, S., Harker, S. A., Barry, F., Burton, P., Beauchemin, J., Mennenga, S. E., Braden, B. B., D’Sa, V. A., Koinis‐Mitchell, D., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100421 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Naidoo, V., Martínez-Iglesias, O. A., & Cacabelos, R. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823039-8.00012-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mehta, D., & Czamara, D. (2019) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2019_105 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Peng, S. H., Liang, X. L., Wang, H. Y., Zhang, X., & Jiang, X. J. (2018) · Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment · doi:10.1080/13102818.2017.1421101 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding risk and resilience in maltreated children:
Kaufman, J., Montalvo‐Ortiz, J. L., & Lee, R. S. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198793014.003.0021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático como desencadeador de mudanças epigenéticas no corpo
Reis, A. J. D. V. D. S., dos Anjos, M. C. M. N., Cavalcanti, B. L. D., dos Santos, K. S. C., & Diniz, M. C. C. (2020) · Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento · doi:10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/saude/mudancas-epigeneticas · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flory, J. D., & Yehuda, R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802175-0.00030-9
Self-citationGenetic, Biomarker and Psychological Factors for Risk and Resilience of PTSD
Bruenig, D. (2017) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.112180
Junglen, A. G., Sheerin, C. M., Delahanty, D. L., Hauser, M. A., Lori, A., Morey, R. A., Nievergelt, C. M., Nugent, N. R., Sebat, J. L., Smith, A. K., et al. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813176-3.00023-7
Self-citationBountress, K. E., Brick, L. A. D., Cusack, S. E., Sheerin, C. M., Nugent, N. R., & Amstadter, A. B. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816022-0.00008-9
Posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and noncoding RNAs
Braný, D., Dvorská, D., Lockwood, L. E., Strnádel, J., & Youssef, N. A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823039-8.00011-3
Bailey, J., & Goenjian, A. K. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108877992.009
Lyu, C., Huang, M., Liu, N., Chen, Z., Lupo, P. J., Tycko, B., Witte, J. S., Hobbs, C. A., & Li, M. (2022) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btac443
Sociobehavioral-induced epigenetic variation and psychiatric diseases
Petroff, R., Goodrich, J. M., Bakulski, K. M., & Dolinoy, D. C. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824010-6.00032-0
Genetic Variants in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Findings of Genome-Wide Association Studies
Tudor, L., & Štrac, D. Š. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32035-4_177-1
Markowitsch, H. J., & Staniloiu, A. (2025) · Legal and Criminological Psychology · doi:10.1111/lcrp.2_12273
Genetic variants associated with the development of stress disorders: A systematic review of GWAS
Zorkina, Y., Golubeva, E., Gurina, O. I., Reznik, A. M., & Morozova, A. Y. (2025) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202512503112
Genetic Variants Associated with the Development of Stress Disorders: A Systematic Review of GWAS
Zorkina, Y., Golubeva, E., Gurina, O. I., Reznik, A. M., & Morozova, A. Y. (2025) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-025-01860-6
Genetic Variants in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Findings of Genome-Wide Association Studies
Tudor, L., & Štrac, D. Š. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73368-0_177
Computational Approaches to PTSD in the Middle East
Amjad, E., & Sokouti, B. (2026) · OBM Neurobiology · doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2603345
- Authors
- Almli, L. M., Stevens, J. S., Smith, A. K., Kilaru, V., Meng, Q., Flory, J., Abu‐Amara, D., Hammamieh, R., Yang, R., Mercer, K. B., Binder, E. B., Bradley, B., Hamilton, S., Jett, M., Yehuda, R., Marmar, C. R., & Ressler, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center New York New York
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
- Department of Psychiatry New York University Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury New York New York
- United States Army (US)
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- New York University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ressler, Kerry J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-05-18
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 327-336
- ISSN
- 1552-4841 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-485X
- PMC
- PMC4844461
- OpenAlex
- W1905797464
- Semantic Scholar
- ceb736a948a21cd44cc56091f54c731ea288dc92
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 17.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH87977, MH096764)
- U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-09-2-0044, W911NF-09-1-0298)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation, cortical activation, fearful faces, sex differences, combat-related PTSD, veterans, genome-wide association study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Face, Facial Expression, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, DNA Methylation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genome-Wide Association Study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review