A pilot integrative genomics study of GABA and glutamate neurotransmitter systems in suicide, suicidal behavior, and major depressive disorder
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Gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the major inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system, respectively, and have been associated with suicidal behavior and major depressive disorder (MDD). We examined the relationship between genotype, brain transcriptome, and MDD/suicide for 24 genes involved in GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling. In part 1 of the study, 119 candidate SNPs in 24 genes (4 transporters, 4 enzymes, and 16 receptors) were tested for associations with MDD and suicidal behavior in 276 live participants (86 nonfatal suicide attempters with MDD and 190 non‐attempters of whom 70% had MDD) and 209 postmortem cases (121 suicide deaths of whom 62% had MDD and 88 sudden death from other causes of whom 11% had MDD) using logistic regression adjusting for sex and age. In part 2, RNA‐seq was used to assay isoform‐level expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 59 postmortem samples (21 with MDD and suicide, 9 MDD without suicide, and 29 sudden death non‐suicides and no psychiatric illness) using robust regression adjusting for sex, age, and RIN score. In part 3, SNPs with subthreshold (uncorrected) significance levels below 0.05 for an association with suicidal behavior and/or MDD in part 1 were tested for eQTL effects in prefrontal cortex using the Brain eQTL Almanac (www.braineac.org). No SNPs or transcripts were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. However, a protein coding transcript (ENST00000414552) of the GABA A receptor, gamma 2 (GABRG2) had lower brain expression postmortem in suicide (P = 0.01) and evidence for association with suicide death (P = 0.03) in a SNP that may be an eQTL in prefrontal cortex (rs424740, P = 0.02). These preliminary results implicate GABRG2 in suicide and warrant further investigation and replication in larger samples. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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RNA-seq of postmortem DLPFC tissue from individuals who died by suicide revealed downregulation of GABAAR γ2 subunit.
“RNA-seq of postmortem DLPFC tissue from individuals who died by suicide also revealed the downregulation of GABAAR γ2 subunit 215.”
From Mechanisms of synaptic transmission dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex: pathophysiological implications (2022) · cites this paper as [215]
There is evidence for GABAergic impairment in MDD.
“In addition to the disrupted glutamatergic transmission, there is also evidence for GABAergic impairment in MDD.”
From Mechanisms of synaptic transmission dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex: pathophysiological implications (2022) · cites this paper as [215]
Reductions in both GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition in MDD have been demonstrated across genomic, postmortem, and neuroimaging studies.
“Likewise, reductions in both GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition in MDD have been demonstrated across genomic [64], postmortem [65], and neuroimaging studies [28,48].”
From Pharmacotherapies Targeting GABA-Glutamate Neurotransmission for Treatment-Resistant Depression (2023) · cites this paper as [64]
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“RNA-seq of post-mortem DLPFC tissue from individuals who died by suicide also revealed the downregulation of GABA A R γ 2 subunit [215].”
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“Likewise, reductions in both GABA A and GABA B receptor-mediated inhibition in MDD have been demonstrated across genomic [64], postmortem [65], and neuroimaging studies [28,48].”
Background
- Authors
- Yin, H., Pantazatos, S. P., Galfalvy, H., Huang, Y., Rosoklija, G. B., Dwork, A. J., Burke, A., Arango, V., Oquendo, M. A., & Mann, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Nanfang Hospital (CN)
- Columbia University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Department of Psychiatry Columbia University New York New York
- Corresponding author
- Mann, Joseph John
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-02-19
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 414-426
- ISSN
- 1552-4841 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-485X
- PMC
- PMC4851346
- OpenAlex
- W2281122272
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 14.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (5R01MH082041)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- suicide, suicidal behavior, major depressive disorder, GABAergic system, glutamatergic system, GABRG2, single nucleotide polymorphisms, expression quantitative trait loci, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, brain transcriptome, postmortem brain, suicide attempters, sudden death
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Gene Expression Regulation, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Postmortem Changes, Neurotransmitter Agents, Glutamic Acid, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genomics, Suicidal Ideation
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