Cited by 273Treatment of Major DepressionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling and Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder

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Tripp, Adam, Oh, Hyunjung, Guilloux, Jean-Philippe, Martinowich, Keri, Lewis, David A., Sibille, Etienne·2012·American Journal of Psychiatry

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex is implicated in the pathology and treatment response of major depressive disorder. Low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and reduced markers for GABA function, including in the amygdala, are reported in major depression, but their contribution to subgenual anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction is not known. METHOD: Using polymerase chain reaction, we first assessed the degree to which BDNF controls mRNA expression (defined as BDNF dependency) of 15 genes relating to GABA and neuropeptide functions in the cingulate cortex of mice with reduced BDNF function (BDNF-heterozygous [Bdnf(+/-)] mice and BDNF exon-IV knockout [Bdnf(KIV)] mice). Gene expression was then quantified in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex of 51 postmortem subjects with major depressive disorder and comparison subjects (total subjects, N=102; 49% were women) and compared with previous amygdala results. RESULTS: Based on the results in Bdnf(+/-) and Bdnf(KIV) mice, genes were sorted into high, intermediate, and no BDNF dependency sets. In postmortem human subjects with major depression, BDNF receptor (TRKB) expression, but not BDNF, was reduced. Postmortem depressed subjects exhibited down-regulation in genes with high and intermediate BDNF dependency, including markers of dendritic targeting interneurons (SST, NPY, and CORT) and a GABA synthesizing enzyme (GAD2). Changes extended to BDNF-independent genes (PVALB and GAD1). Changes were greater in men (potentially because of low baseline expression in women), displayed notable differences from prior amygdala results, and were not explained by demographic or clinical factors other than sex. CONCLUSIONS: These parallel human/mouse analyses provide direct (low TRKB) and indirect (low expression of BDNF-dependent genes) evidence in support of decreased BDNF signaling in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in individuals with major depressive disorder, implicate dendritic targeting GABA neurons and GABA synthesis, and, together, suggest a common BDNF-/GABA-related pathology in major depression with sex- and brain region-specific features.

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Crossref · 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020248

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  • Patients with depression and related mental illnesses have lower BDNF and/or TRKB mRNA levels, reduced cortical neuron size, lower synaptic protein levels, decreased mTOR signaling, and fewer dendritic spines/synapses in the PFC.

    “Postmortem studies have demonstrated that patients with depression and related mental illnesses have lower BDNF and/or TRKB mRNA levels (75–77), reduced cortical neuron size (75, 78, 79), lower synaptic protein levels (80), decreased mTOR signaling (81), and fewer dendritic spines/synapses (82, 83) in the PFC.”

    From Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness. (2021) · cites this paper as [77]

    The Results and Discussion report reduced TRKB expression in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex of people with major depression, but no reduction in BDNF expression there. The paper mentions reduced frontal-cortex cell density or numbers in its introductory discussion, not reduced cortical neuron size. The synaptic protein, mTOR, and spine claims have separate citations and are not assessed against this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Interneuron markers and interneuron-associated transcripts are decreased in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in human MDD brain tissue and chronically stressed rats.

    “Immunohistochemical analysis of interneurons and transcripts of interneuron-associated proteins are decreased within the PFC and anterior cingulate cortex in human MDD brain tissue and in chronically stressed rats, suggesting that deficits in GABA levels may contribute to the symptoms of depression [205][206][207][208].”
  • GABA deficits may contribute to depression symptoms.

    “Immunohistochemical analysis of interneurons and transcripts of interneuron-associated proteins are decreased within the PFC and anterior cingulate cortex in human MDD brain tissue and in chronically stressed rats, suggesting that deficits in GABA levels may contribute to the symptoms of depression [205][206][207][208].”

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Authors
Tripp, A., Oh, H., Guilloux, J.-P., Martinowich, K., Lewis, D. A., & Sibille, E.
Affiliations
Université Paris-Sud (FR)
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Published
2012-11
Volume
169
Issue
11
Pages
1194-1202
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
OpenAlex
W2161401578
Cited by
273
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
FWCI
12.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH084053, MH084060, MH084053, MH085111, R21MH085111, R01MH077159, K02MH084060)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
major depressive disorder, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, TrkB receptor, GABAergic interneurons, GABA synthesis, gene expression, sex differences, postmortem brain, amygdala, neuropeptides
MeSH terms
Animals, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Dominance, Cerebral, Exons, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Gyrus Cinguli, Genetic Carrier Screening, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, RNA, Messenger, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression, Case-Control Studies, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice, Knockout, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Receptor, trkB, Mice

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