Cited by 733Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology StudiesClassical Anatomy and HistologyBone health and osteoporosis research

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Age changes in the pubic bone. I. The male white pubis

Todd, T. Wingate·1920·American Journal of Physical Anthropology

DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330030301

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

Cleland J., 1889, On certain distinctions of form hitherto unnoticed in the human pelvis, characteristic of sex, age and race, Memoirs and Memoranda in Anatomy, London, 95
Aeby Ch., 1858, Ueber die Symphyse ossium pubis des Menschen nebst Beiträgen zur Lehre vom hyalinen Knorpel und seiner Verknöcherungen, Zschr. f. rationelle Med., Reihe 3, 1
Bonn, 1777, Overhet Maaksel en de beweeglijke Loswording der Beenvereenigingen von het Bekken etc., Verh. Bat. Gen. Rotterdam, 269
Todd T. W., 1920, Age characters of the public bone, Anat. Rec., 264
Hunter Joh., 1771, Treatise on the Natural History of the human teeth. Part I, Coll. works, 4
Home E., 1798, Experiments and observations on the growth of Bones, from the papers of the late Mr. Hunter, Coll. works of John Hunter, 315
Keith Arthu., 1920, Changes accompanying growth disorders of the human body, J. Anat., 101
Hunter W., 1761, Remarks on the symphysis of the ossa pubis, Medical Observations and Inquiries, 333
v. d. Broek A. J. P., 1915, Studien zur Morphologie des Primatenbeckens, Morph. Jahrb., 1

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 584

Estimating age from the pubic symphysis: A new component-based system.
Dudzik, B., & Langley, N. R. (2015) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.047 · Cited by 53
Quantitative Analysis of the Morphological Changes of the Pubic Symphyseal Face and the Auricular Surface and Implications for Age at Death Estimation
Villa, C., Buckberry, J., Cattaneo, C., Frohlich, B., & Lynnerup, N. (2015) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12689 · Cited by 52
“Most of the subsequent methods represent refinements or adjustments of Todd’s work (2–4).”
Background
Age Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Quantification of Observer Error in Phase Versus Component‐Based Methods
Shirley, N., & Montes, P. A. R. (2015) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12617 · Cited by 52
Investigating health at Kerma: Sacrificial versus nonsacrificial individuals
Buzon, M. R., & Judd, M. A. (2008) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20781 · Cited by 55
Identification and analysis of human remains recovered from wells from the 1991 War in Croatia
Šlaus, M., Strinović, D., Pećina‐Šlaus, N., Brkić, H., Baličević, D., Petrovečki, V., & Cicvara-Pećina, T. (2006) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.10.003 · Cited by 53
Is It Possible to Escape Racial Typology in Forensic Identification?
Albanese, J., & Saunders, S. R. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-099-7_12 · Cited by 60
Age estimation of adult human remains from hip bones using advanced methods.
Kotěrová, A., Navega, D., Štepanovský, M., Buk, Z., Brůžek, J., & Cunha, E. (2018) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.047 · Cited by 51
Pubic Symphyseal Age Estimation from Three‐Dimensional Reconstructions of Pelvic CT Scans of Live Individuals
Wink, A. E. (2014) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12369 · Cited by 50
A complementary approach using analytical pyrolysis to evaluate collagen degradation and mineral fossilisation in archaeological bones: The case study of Vicenne-Campochiaro necropolis (Italy)
Adamiano, A., Fabbri, D., Falini, G., & Belcastro, M. (2013) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2012.12.014 · Cited by 50
A study on estimation of age from pubic symphysis.
Sinha, A., & Gupta, V. (1995) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/0379-0738(95)01772-b · Cited by 50
Paleodemography: From archaeology and skeletal age estimation to life in the past
Boldsen, J. L., Milner, G. R., & Ousley, S. D. (2021) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24462 · Cited by 64
A Computational Framework for Age‐at‐Death Estimation from the Skeleton: Surface and Outline Analysis of 3D Laser Scans of the Adult Pubic Symphysis
Stoyanova, D. K., Algee‐Hewitt, B. F. B., Kim, J., & Slice, D. E. (2017) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13439 · Cited by 51
An enhanced computational method for age‐at‐death estimation based on the pubic symphysis using 3 D laser scans and thin plate splines
Stoyanova, D. K., Algee‐Hewitt, B. F. B., & Slice, D. E. (2015) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22797 · Cited by 47
Cultural patterns of trauma among 19th-century-born males in cadaver collections.
de la Cova, C. (2010) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1433.2010.01278.x · Cited by 49
Paleoepidemiology of a central California prehistoric population from CA-Ala-329: dental disease.
Jurmain, R. (1990) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330810303 · Cited by 49
Studies on the femur
Ingalls, N. (1924) · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330070220 · Cited by 49
Skeletal age at death: an evaluation of the miles method of ageing
Kieser, J., Preston, C., & Evans, W. (1983) · doi:10.1016/0305-4403(83)90121-8 · Cited by 49
Differences between biological and chronological age‐at‐death in human skeletal remains: A change of perspective
Couoh, L. R. (2017) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23236 · Cited by 55
Methods of Skeletal Age Estimation used by Forensic Anthropologists in Adults: A Review
Priya, E. (2017) · doi:10.15406/frcij.2017.04.00104 · Cited by 47
“Todd in 1920 proposed a ten phase method for analysing the pubic symphysis to estimate age [6].”
Method
Schmorl's nodes in a post‐medieval skeletal sample from Klostermarienberg, Austria
Üstündağ, H. (2008) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.993 · Cited by 55
Post-Cranial Traumatic Injury Patterns in Two Medieval Polish Populations: The Effects of Lifestyle Differences
Agnew, A. M., Betsinger, T. K., & Justus, H. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129458 · Cited by 47
Age assessment by rib phase analysis in Turks.
Yavuz, M., I̊şcan, M., & Çöloǧlu, A. (1998) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00122-4 · Cited by 46
Nondestructive adult age at death estimation: Visualizing cementum annulations in a known age historical human assemblage using synchrotron X‐ray microtomography
Cabec, A. L., Tang, N. K., Rubio, V. R., & Hillson, S. W. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23702 · Cited by 55
Testing inter-observer reliability of the Transition Analysis aging method on the William M. Bass forensic skeletal collection.
Fojas, C. L., Kim, J., Minsky-Rowland, J. D., & Algee-Hewitt, B. F. B. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23342 · Cited by 45
“…upon a predefined suite of age-related changes in the bone morphology for a single fully-observable, skeletal feature—the most common being the pubic symphysis of the os coxa (Brooks & Suchey, 1990; Brooks, 1955; Hartnett, 2010; Suchey & Katz, 1998; Suchey, Wiseley, & Katz, 1986; Todd, 1920, 1921).”
Background
Adult Skeletal Age-at-Death Estimation through Deep Random Neural Networks: A New Method and Its Computational Analysis
Navega, D., Costa, E., & Cunha, E. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11040532 · Cited by 44
“The proposed system is based on previous work by Todd [30,31] and Brooks and Suchey [26].”
Method
The ‘Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre’ Collection: An Argentinian sample of modern skeletons
Salceda, S. A., Desántolo, B., Mancuso, R. G., Plischuk, M., & Inda, A. M. (2012) · HOMO · doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2012.04.002 · Cited by 50
Paleoepidemiological patterns of interpersonal aggression in a prehistoric central California population from CA‐ALA‐329
Jurmain, R. D., Bartelink, E. J., Leventhal, A. M., Bellifemine, V., Nechayev, I., Atwood, M., & DiGiuseppe, D. (2009) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21002 · Cited by 61
“Given that the sample used was restricted to mature (or mostly mature) individuals, age was assessed using pri marily pubic symphysis remodeling (Todd, 1920, 1921; Katz and Suchey, 1986; Brooks and Suchey, 1990), as well as auricular surface remodeling (Lovejoy et al., 1985), and in a few cases…”
Reliability of age at death in the Hamann-Todd collection: validity of subselection procedures used in blind tests of the summary age technique.
Meindl, R., Russell, K., & Lovejoy, C. (1990) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330830308 · Cited by 43
Newly discovered Neanderthal remains from Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, and their attribution to Shanidar 5.
Pomeroy, E., Lahr, M. M., Crivellaro, F., Farr, L., Reynolds, T., Hunt, C., & Barker, G. (2017) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.001 · Cited by 42
“Using Todd (1920, 1921), the following characteristics suggest phase 9 (age 40e45 years): the defined inferior extremity, porosity of the symphyseal face but retention of faint ridges, incomplete symphyseal rim suggested by a hiatus at the limit of the preserved ventral section, and marked dorsal…”
BackgroundMethod
A Late Neolithic Case of Pott's Disease from Hungary
Köhler, K., Pálfi, G., Molnár, E., Zalai-Gaál, I., Osztás, A., Bánffy, E., Kirinó, K., Kiss, K. K., & Mende, B. G. (2012) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.2254 · Cited by 49
Health, Diet and Social Implications in Neolithic Greece from the Study of Human Osteological Material
Papathanasiou, A. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470670170.ch5 · Cited by 44
Anatomical and developmental bases for the ventral arc of the human pubis
Budinoff, L. C., & Tague, R. G. (1990) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330820109 · Cited by 45
Skeletal Growth and the Changing Genetic Landscape during Childhood and Adulthood
Duren, D., Šešelj, M., Froehle, A. W., Nahhas, R., & Sherwood, R. J. (2013) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22183 · Cited by 41
Asymmetry of the os pubis: implications for the Suchey-Brooks method.
Overbury, R. S., Cabo, L., Dirkmaat, D., & Symes, S. (2009) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20999 · Cited by 41
Genomic and darwinian medicine
Eichenberger, J., Alfaro, E. L., & Dipierri, J. (2009) · doi:10.17139/raab.2009.001.1.%g · Cited by 41
La Ferrassie 1: New perspectives on a “classic” Neandertal
Gómez‐Olivencia, A., Quam, R., Sala, N., Bardey-Vaillant, M., Ohman, J. C., & Balzeau, A. (2018) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.12.004 · Cited by 46
Age assessment of the Spitalfields cemetery population by rib phase analysis
Loth, S. (1995) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.1310070408 · Cited by 40
Optimal trait scoring for age estimation
Konigsberg, L. W., Frankenberg, S. R., & Liversidge, H. M. (2015) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22914 · Cited by 37
Effect of obesity on the reliability of age-at-death indicators of the pelvis.
Wescott, D., & Drew, J. L. (2015) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22674 · Cited by 39
“…(Lovejoy et al., 1995; Buckberry and Chamberlin, 2002; Osborne and Nawrocki, 2004; Igarashi et al. 2005) and symphyseal face of the pubic bone (Todd, 1920, 1921; McKern and Stewart, 1957; Gilbert and McKern, 1973; Hanihara and Suzuki, 1978; Katz and Suchey, 1986; Brooks and Suchey, 1990;…”
Background
Forensic age estimation based on the trabecular bone changes of the pelvic bone using post-mortem CT.
Villa, C., Hansen, M., Buckberry, J., Cattaneo, C., & Lynnerup, N. (2013) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.10.020 · Cited by 39
“Looking at the morphological changes of the pubic bone, it is possible to attribute a maximum age of +50 using the method of Todd [25], an age of 60±12.4 for females and 61.2±12.4 for males using the Suchey-Brooks method [2].”
Influential
Preliminary Radiological Assessment of Age‐related Change in the Trabecular Structure of the Human Os Pubis *
Wade, A. D., Nelson, A., Garvin, G., & Holdsworth, D. W. (2011) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01643.x · Cited by 38
8000 year-old human remains on the sea floor near Atlit, Israel
Hershkovitz, I., & Galili, E. (1990) · Human Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02437249 · Cited by 36
Shape variability of the adult human acetabulum and acetabular fossa related to sex and age by geometric morphometrics. Implications for adult age estimation
San‐Millán, M., Rissech, C., & Turbón, D. (2017) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.01.005 · Cited by 39
Mandibular Morphology as an Indicator of Human Subadult Age: Interlandmark Approaches *
Franklin, D., & Cardini, A. (2007) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00522.x · Cited by 37
Forensic osteological investigations in Kosovo.
Rainio, J., Hedman, M., Karkola, K., Lalu, K., Peltola, P., Ranta, H., Sajantila, A., Söderholm, N., & Penttilä, A. (2001) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00395-4 · Cited by 37
Pubic symphysis age distributions.
Jackes, M. (1985) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330680215 · Cited by 37
A case of multiple metastasis in Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from the Argentine Pampean region
Luna, L., Aranda, C., Bosio, L., & Berón, M. (2008) · doi:10.1002/oa.950 · Cited by 36
Use of the first rib for adult age estimation: a test of one method
Kurki, H. K. (2005) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.788 · Cited by 35
Ventral arc of the os pubis: Anatomical and developmental considerations
Anderson, B. E. (1990) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330830406 · Cited by 36
Life and death in ancient populations: Bones of contention in paleodemography
Greene, D., van Gerven, D. V., & Armelagos, G. (1986) · doi:10.1007/bf02436577 · Cited by 35
Application of the likelihood ratio test to age estimation using the infant and child temporal bone
Weaver, D. S. (1979) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330500216 · Cited by 37
Morphometric modelling of ageing in the human pubic symphysis: Sexual dimorphism in an Australian population
Lottering, N., Reynolds, M. S., MacGregor, D. M., Meredith, M., & Gregory, L. S. (2014) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.041 · Cited by 31
Example of human individual identification from World War II gravesite
Ossowski, A., Kuś, M., Brzeziński, P., Prüffer, J., Piątek, J., Zielińska, G., Bykowska‐Witowska, M., Jałowińska, K., Torgaszev, A., Skoryukov, A., et al. (2013) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.09.004 · Cited by 35
Demographic structure of skeletal populations in historic Japan: a new estimation of adult age-at-death distributions based on the auricular surface of the ilium
Nagaoka, T., & Hirata, K. (2007) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.10.002 · Cited by 29
Validation of transition analysis as a method of adult age estimation in a modern South African sample.
Jooste, N., L'Abbé, E., Pretorius, S., & Steyn, M. (2016) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.05.020 · Cited by 32
A Comparative Assessment of the Chen et al. and Suchey‐Brooks Pubic Aging Methods on a North American Sample , ,
Fleischman, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12061 · Cited by 32
Assessing the influence of occupational and physical activity on the rate of degenerative change of the pubic symphysis in Portuguese males from the 19th to 20th century.
Campanacho, V., Santos, A. L., & Cardoso, H. (2012) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22059 · Cited by 32
A one-million-year-old human pubic symphysis
Bondioli, L., Coppa, A., Frayer, D. W., Libsekal, Y., Rook, L., & Macchiarelli, R. (2006) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.01.001 · Cited by 35
Spondylolysis and its relationship to degenerative joint disease in the prehistoric Southeastern United States
Bridges, P. S. (1989) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330790308 · Cited by 32
Skeletal change in ancient Greece.
Angel, J. (1946) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330040109 · Cited by 32
Modeling senescence changes of the pubic symphysis in historic Italian populations: a comparison of the Rostock and forensic approaches to aging using transition analysis.
Godde, K., & Hens, S. M. (2015) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22671 · Cited by 31
Skeletal age estimation in Hungarian population of known age and sex.
Wolff, K., Vás, Z., Sótonyi, P., & Magyar, L. (2012) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.033 · Cited by 31
Forensic Anthropology: Embracing the New Paradigm
Dirkmaat, D. C., & Cabo, L. L. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118255377.ch1 · Cited by 39
“Todd and his coworkers (including Montague Cobb and Krogman) used this collection to conduct basic research in human skeletal biology, notably that including age-related changes in the cranial sutures (Todd and Lyon 1924 , 1925a , 1925b ) and the pubic symphysis (Todd 1920 , 1921a , 1921b ).”
Background
Age, sex, and antemortem loss of teeth in prehistoric Eskimo samples from point hope and Kodiak Island, Alaska
Costa, R. L. (1980) · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330530413 · Cited by 31
Age estimation of skeletal remains: principal methods
Lynnerup, N., & Villa, C. (2014) · Research and Reports in Forensic Medical Science · doi:10.2147/rrfms.s35660 · Cited by 32
“Todd first described a method in 1920.(22) Since, there have been several modifications,(23) not least the introduction of a reference set of casts by Suchey et al,(24) which has become more-or-less a standard for aging the pubic symphysis.”
Method
An investigation of age‐related changes at the acetabulum in 18th–19th century ad adult skeletons from Christ Church Spitalfields, London
Mays, S. (2012) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22146 · Cited by 29
CT evaluation of native acetabular orientation and localization: Sex-specific data comparison on 336 hip joints
Tohtz, S., Sassy, D., Matziolis, G., Preininger, B., Perka, C., & Hasart, O. (2010) · Technology and Health Care · doi:10.3233/thc-2010-0575 · Cited by 30
Issues in the Global Applications of Methodology in Forensic Anthropology *
Ubelaker, D. (2008) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00717.x · Cited by 30
Caries frequency and distribution in an early medieval Avar population from Austria.
Meinl, A., Rottensteiner, G., Huber, C., Tangl, S., Watzak, G., & Watzek, G. (2010) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01624.x · Cited by 30
“In adults, both skeletal ageing methods (Todd, 1920; Hansen, 1953; Martin and Saller, 1957; Szilvassy, 1977; Perizonius, 1984) and the assessment of occlusal wear (Miles, 1963; Brothwell, 1981) were utilized.”
Background
A reassessment of demographic estimates for Pecos Pueblo
Ruff, C. (1981) · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330540118 · Cited by 30
A Bayesian Approach to Age‐at‐Death Estimation from Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder in Modern North Americans
Brennaman, A. L., Love, K., Bethard, J. D., & Pokines, J. (2017) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13327 · Cited by 29
Estimating age from adult occlusal wear: a modification of the miles method.
Gilmore, C. C., & Grote, M. N. (2012) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22106 · Cited by 29
Estimating Age and Sex from the Skeleton, a Paleopathological Perspective
Milner, G. R., & Boldsen, J. L. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781444345940.ch15 · Cited by 28
Centers of control: Revealing elites among the Ancestral Pueblo during the “Chaco Phenomenon”
Harrod, R. P. (2012) · International Journal of Paleopathology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2012.09.013 · Cited by 27
The Role of Forensic Anthropology in the Recovery and Analysis of Branch Davidian Compound Victims: Assessing the Accuracy of Age Estimations
Houck, M. M., Ubelaker, D. H. V., Owsley, D. W., Craig, E., Grant, W., Fram, R., Woltanski, T., & Sandness, K. (1996) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1520/jfs14000j · Cited by 26
A Late Archaic Period Burial from the South-Central Andean Coast
Wise, K., Clark, N. R., & Williams, S. R. (1994) · Latin American Antiquity · doi:10.2307/971881 · Cited by 27
Age estimation based on computed tomography exploration: a combined method
Bascou, A., Dubourg, O., Telmon, N., Dedouit, F., Saint‐Martin, P., & Savall, F. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02666-0 · Cited by 28
“It is based on the macroscopic morphological analysis of the maturing and degenerative process on dry pubic symphysis, with six phases for males and females associated with an age range and mean [4, 5, 9].”
Background
Sampling and statistical considerations for the Suchey-Brooks method for pubic bone age estimation: implications for regional comparisons.
Wärmländer, S., & Sholts, S. (2011) · Science & justice : journal of the Forensic Science Society · doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2010.12.001 · Cited by 28
A contemporary Colombian skeletal reference collection: A resource for the development of population specific standards.
Sanabria-Medina, C., González-Colmenares, G., Restrepo, H. O., & Rodríguez, J. M. G. (2016) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.06.020 · Cited by 27
Age estimation by quantitative features of pubic symphysis using multidetector computed tomography
Chiba, F., Makino, Y., Motomura, A., Inokuchi, G., Torimitsu, S., Ishii, N., Kubo, Y., Abe, H., Sakuma, A., Nagasawa, S., et al. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00414-014-1010-4 · Cited by 26
Assessing the application of tooth cementum annulation relative to macroscopic aging techniques in an archeological sample.
Gauthier, J., & Schutkowski, H. (2013) · Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen · doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2012.11.001 · Cited by 26
“Conventionally, the best way to avoid the pitfalls associated with the unreliability of single age indicators is to pool data from several indicators to assess age (Brooks, 1955; Lovejoy et al., 1985; Todd, 1920).”
Background
The use of vertebral ring epiphyseal union for age estimation in two cases of unknown identity.
Albert, A. (1998) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00143-1 · Cited by 26
Demographic anthropology
DeWitte, S. N. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23317 · Cited by 55
“…examples of this approach have been published in AJPA, including methods using the pubic symphysis (Gilbert & McKern, 1973; Katz & Suchey, 1986; Todd, 1920), auricular surface (Buckberry & Chamberlain, 2002; Lovejoy, Meindl, Pryzbeck, & Mensforth, 1985), and cranial sutures (Meindl & Lovejoy,…”
Method
Age-at-Death Estimation
Uhl, N. M. (2013) · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385189-5.00003-0 · Cited by 26
A Test of a Recently Devised Method of Estimating Skeletal Age at Death using Features of the Adult Acetabulum
Mays, S. (2014) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12293 · Cited by 25
Ascertaining year of birth/age at death in forensic cases: A review of conventional methods and methods allowing for absolute chronology.
Lynnerup, N., Kjeldsen, H., Zweihoff, R., Heegaard, S., Jacobsen, C., & Heinemeier, J. (2010) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.026 · Cited by 25
The Scope of Forensic Anthropology
Loth, S. (1997) · doi:10.1201/9781439821909.ch13 · Cited by 25
Identified skeletal collections: the testing ground of anthropology?
Henderson, C., & Cardoso, F. A. (2018) · doi:10.2307/j.ctv1pdrqct · Cited by 24
“…data from the first 2500 individuals in his collection; conducted groundbreaking research on age changes in the skeleton (for example, Todd 1920, 1921; Todd and Lyon 1924, 1925a, 1925b,1925c); published extensively on various osteological, anatomical and forensically relevant topics…”
Background
Diet and collapse: A stable isotope study of Imperial-era Gabii (1st–3rd centuries AD)
Killgrove, K., & Tykot, R. H. (2017) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.05.054 · Cited by 68
Forensic anthropology and human identification
Lynnerup, N. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science · doi:10.2478/sjfs-2013-0005 · Cited by 22
Labial canine talon cusp from the Early Holocene site of Gobero, central Sahara Desert, Niger
Stojanowski, C. M., & Johnson, K. M. (2011) · doi:10.1002/oa.1144 · Cited by 24
Une recherche en paléo-démographie: la Nubie soudanaise
Swedlund, A. C., Armelagos, G. J., & Godneff, N. (1969) · Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales · doi:10.3406/ahess.1969.422167 · Cited by 24
“physes pubiennes — d'après les méthodes de Me Kern et Steward (1957), et de Todd (1920) — ainsi que les critères habituels d'examen morphologique des squelettes pour déterminer le sexe.”
Background
Trabecular involution in femoral heads of a prehistoric (X-group) population from Sudanese Nubia.
Mielke, J. H., Armelagos, G., & van Gerven, D. V. (1972) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330360106 · Cited by 24
A geometric morphometric assessment of shape variation in adult pelvic morphology
Cox, S. L. (2021) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24399 · Cited by 26
Correlation between pubic bone mineral density and age from a computed tomography sample.
Dubourg, O., Faruch-Bilfeld, M., Telmon, N., Maupoint, E., Saint‐Martin, P., & Savall, F. (2019) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.018 · Cited by 23
Advances in Documentation of Commingled and Fragmentary Remains
Osterholtz, A. J. (2019) · Advances in Archaeological Practice · doi:10.1017/aap.2018.35 · Cited by 25
Social food here and hereafter: Multiproxy analysis of gender-specific food consumption in conversion period inhumation cemetery at Kukruse, NE-Estonia
Oras, E., Tõrv, M., Jonuks, T., Malve, M., Radini, A., Isaksson, S., Gledhill, A., Kekišev, O., Vahur, S., & Leito, I. (2018) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2018.07.001 · Cited by 23
Three dimensional surface analyses of pubic symphyseal faces of contemporary Japanese reconstructed with 3D digitized scanner.
Biwasaka, H., Sato, K., Aoki, Y., Kato, H., Maeno, Y., Tanijiri, T., Fujita, S., & Dewa, K. (2013) · Legal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2013.02.003 · Cited by 23
“Todd reported that pubic symphyseal faces over the age of forty fell into metabolic stage [1].”
Background
Chacarita Project: Conformation and analysis of a modern and documented human osteological collection from Buenos Aires City – Theoretical, methodological and ethical aspects
Bosio, L., Guráieb, S. G., Luna, L., & Aranda, C. (2012) · HOMO · doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2012.06.003 · Cited by 30
Appearance of hyperostosis frontalis interna in some osteoarcheological series from Hungary.
Hajdu, T., Fóthi, E., Bernert, Z., Molnár, É., Lovász, G., ̋vári, I. K., Köhler, K., & Marcsik, A. (2009) · Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen · doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2008.07.004 · Cited by 23

Authors: Todd, T. W.
Affiliations: Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author: Todd, T. Wingate
Venue: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1920-07
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Pages: 285-334
ISSN: 0002-9483 (ISSN-L)
1096-8644
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330030301
OpenAlex: W2122873164
Cited by: 733
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 273.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 31021 d)
Locations: American Journal of Physical Anthropology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Classical Anatomy and Histology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Keywords: pubic bone, age estimation, skeletal aging, white men, pubic symphysis, forensic age estimation

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Age changes in the pubic bone. I. The male white pubis

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