Cited by 733Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology StudiesClassical Anatomy and HistologyBone health and osteoporosis research

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Age changes in the pubic bone. I. The male white pubis

Todd, T. Wingate·1920·American Journal of Physical Anthropology

DOI 10.1002/ajpa.1330030301

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/ajpa.1330030301

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Cleland J., 1889, On certain distinctions of form hitherto unnoticed in the human pelvis, characteristic of sex, age and race, Memoirs and Memoranda in Anatomy, London, 95
Aeby Ch., 1858, Ueber die Symphyse ossium pubis des Menschen nebst Beiträgen zur Lehre vom hyalinen Knorpel und seiner Verknöcherungen, Zschr. f. rationelle Med., Reihe 3, 1
Bonn, 1777, Overhet Maaksel en de beweeglijke Loswording der Beenvereenigingen von het Bekken etc., Verh. Bat. Gen. Rotterdam, 269
Todd T. W., 1920, Age characters of the public bone, Anat. Rec., 264
Hunter Joh., 1771, Treatise on the Natural History of the human teeth. Part I, Coll. works, 4
Home E., 1798, Experiments and observations on the growth of Bones, from the papers of the late Mr. Hunter, Coll. works of John Hunter, 315
Keith Arthu., 1920, Changes accompanying growth disorders of the human body, J. Anat., 101
Hunter W., 1761, Remarks on the symphysis of the ossa pubis, Medical Observations and Inquiries, 333
v. d. Broek A. J. P., 1915, Studien zur Morphologie des Primatenbeckens, Morph. Jahrb., 1

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 584

Assessment of Bone Age Based on Morphometric Study of the Upper End of the Humerus *
Żydek, L., Barzdo, M., Meissner, E., & Berent, J. (2011) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01889.x · Cited by 9
Análisis bioantropológico de un enterratorio humano del Holoceno Tardío en Cabo Nose, Tierra del Fuego, Chile
Alfonso-Durruty, M., Calás, E., & Morello, Y. F. (2011) · doi:10.4067/s0718-22442011000100009 · Cited by 9
Interpreting diachronic osteological variation at the medieval necropolis of the Sant Pere Churches (Terrassa, Spain)
Jordana, X., Isidro, A., & Morera, A. M. (2009) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.1094 · Cited by 8
Preliminary analysis of regional differences in dental pathology of early modern commoners in Japan
Oyamada, J., Igawa, K., Manabe, Y., Kato, K., Matsushita, T., Rokutanda, A., & Kitagawa, Y. (2010) · doi:10.1537/ase.090217 · Cited by 9
“…age of the skeletons based on skeletal morphological traits, including progression of cranial sutural closure (Todd and Lyon, 1924, 1925a, b, c; Perizonius, 1984) and changes in the pubic symphysial face (Todd, 1920; McKern and Stewart, 1957; Gilbert and McKern, 1973; Hanihara and Suzuki, 1978).”
Background
TWO BURIALS AT MALLE, A LATE IRON AGE SETTLEMENT IN THE BANKEVELD IN THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCE
Pistorius, J. C. C., Steyn, M., & Nienaber, W. (2002) · doi:10.2307/3888856 · Cited by 9
Nonocclusal dental microwear analysis of 300,000-year-oldHomo heilderbergensisTeeth from Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)
P�rez-P�rez, A., de Castro, J. B., & Arsuaga, J. L. (1999) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199904)108:4 · Cited by 71
Degree of Dental Attrition with Sex and Aging among Jomon and Edo People in Japan
Fujita, H., & Ogura, M. (2009) · Journal of Oral Biosciences · doi:10.1016/s1349-0079(09)80025-x · Cited by 10
Age-related morphological changes of the pubic symphyseal surface: using three-dimensional statistical shape modeling
Kim, Y., Lee, K.-W., Lee, S., Woo, E. J., & Hu, K.-S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-84168-8 · Cited by 8
White plague among the “forgotten people” from the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin–Cases with tuberculosis from the Sarmatian-period (3rd–4th centuries CE) archaeological site of Hódmezővásárhely–Kenyere-ér, Bereczki-tanya (Hungary)
Spekker, O., Kiss, A. P., Kis, L., Király, K., Varga, S. L., Marcsik, A., Schütz, O., Tőrők, T., Hunt, D. R., & Tihanyi, B. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294762 · Cited by 5
Inter‐population differences in acetabular senescence: relevance in age‐at‐death estimation
San-Millán, M., & Rissech, C. (2023) · International Journal of Legal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00414-023-02954-x · Cited by 8
Overall frailty gauged in victims of the Italian plague (Imola, 1630–1632): was plague an indiscriminate killer?
Zedda, N., Rinaldo, N., Gualdi‐Russo, E., & Bramanti, B. (2022) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-022-01670-8 · Cited by 9
“1986; Todd 1920; Ubelaker 1989).”
Method
Utility of the sternal synostosis for age-at-death estimation in a Mediterranean population
Navadijo, M. P., & Aguilera, I. A. (2022) · Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology · doi:10.1007/s12024-022-00506-0 · Cited by 8
Time burnt away: The impact of heat-induced changes on skeletal age-at-death diagnostic features
Rodrigues, C. O., Matos, V., Ferreira, M. T., & Gonçalves, D. (2022) · Science & Justice · doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2022.07.005 · Cited by 6
Computed tomographic evaluation of the acetabulum for age estimation in an Indian population using principal component analysis and regression models
Warrier, V., Shedge, R., Garg, P., Dixit, S., Krishan, K., & Kanchan, T. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00414-022-02856-4 · Cited by 8
“1 3 estimation was first methodologically highlighted by Todd [11] and has ever since been the target of anthropological research.”
Background
Bioarchaeological insights into the last plague of Imola (1630–1632)
Guellil, M., Rinaldo, N., Zedda, N., Kersten, O., Muro, X. G., Stenseth, N. C., Gualdi‐Russo, E., & Bramanti, B. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98214-2 · Cited by 8
Bone mineral density through history: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in archaeological populations of Norway
Brødholt, E. T., Günther, C., Gautvik, K. M., Sjøvold, T., & Holck, P. (2021) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102792 · Cited by 9
The impact of activity on pelvic age‐at‐death estimation
Bertsatos, A., Chovalopoulou, M., Boskovits, N., Garoufi, N., & Nikita, E. (2020) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.2941 · Cited by 8
Evaluation of the Enhanced Computational Methods of Estimating Age‐at‐Death Using the Pubic Symphyses of a White South African Population
Joubert, L. C., Briers, N., & Meyer, A. (2019) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14180 · Cited by 10
Victims of a 17th century massacre in Central Europe: Perimortem trauma of castle defenders
Łukasik, S., Krenz‐Niedbała, M., Zdanowicz, M., Różański, A., & Olszacki, T. (2019) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.2737 · Cited by 8
Age-at-Death Estimation for Modern Populations in Mexico and Puerto Rico through the Use of 3D Laser Scans of the Pubic Symphysis
Soto, Algee-Hewitt, Morante, Slice, & Steadman, D. W. (2018) · Human Biology · doi:10.13110/humanbiology.90.3.02 · Cited by 7
“…involves the use of multiple morphological features in the skeleton to estimate age at death, including the pubic symphysis (Brooks and Suchey 1990; Todd 1920), the auricular surface of the ilium (Buckberry and Chamberlain 2002; Lovejoy et al. 1985; Osborne et al. 2004), the sternal end of the…”
A bioarchaeological analysis of oral and physiological health on the south coast of New Guinea.
Kinaston, R., Roberts, G. L., Buckley, H., & Oxenham, M. (2016) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22978 · Cited by 8
“Estimation of the adult age-at-death for individuals was based on cranial suture closure (Buikstra and Ubelaker, 1994), the pubic symphyseal surface (Todd, 1920; Brooks and Suchey, 1990), and the auricular surface (Lovejoy et al., 1985).”
Estudio tafonómico e interpretación del gesto funerario de los restos óseos de la Cova de Montanissell (Alt Urgell, Lleida)
Armentano, N., Jordana, X., & Malgosa, A. (2014) · doi:10.3989/tp.2014.12130 · Cited by 8
“En los individuos adultos, se priorizaron los cambios en la sínfisis púbica y en la superficie auricular del coxal (Todd 1920; McKern y Stewart 1957; Gilbert y McKern 1973; Lovejoy et al .”
Background
The Places we will go: Paths Forward in Forensic Anthropology
Steadman, D. W. (2012) · Forensic Science · doi:10.1002/9781118373880.ch5 · Cited by 6
Age estimation from IV rib by phase analysis in Indian females
Meena, M., Rani, Y., Naik, S., & Murari, A. (2012) · doi:10.1080/00450618.2012.704962 · Cited by 8
“While evaluation of dental development, epiphyseal closures, and long bone growth can provide reasonably precise estimation of age in subadults, evaluation of age in adults and older individuals is more difficult 4 – 6 .”
Background
Paléodémographie : ce que nous apprend la Nubie soudanaise
Bocquet, J. (1977) · Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales · doi:10.3406/ahess.1977.293798 · Cited by 8
Great expectations: The rise, fall, and resurrection of adult skeletal age estimation
Milner, G., Boldsen, J., Ousley, S., Getz, S., Weise, S., & Tarp, P. (2021) · Remodeling Forensic Skeletal Age · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824370-1.00011-0 · Cited by 8
Skeletal age estimation in adults
Adserias-Garriga, J., & Wilson-Taylor, R. (2019) · Age Estimation · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814491-6.00005-4 · Cited by 8
An investigation of time since injury: a radiographic study of fracture healing
Hufnagl, K. B. (2005) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.3032 · Cited by 5
“Numerous studies have been conducted to establish and refine methodologies to estimate ancestry, sex, age, and height from a skeleton, as well as identify trauma exhibited by the bone (Giles and Elliot, 1962; Phenice, 1969; Todd, 1920; Trotter and Gleser, 1952).”
Background
Radiographic appearance of the public symphysis in old age and in rheumatoid arthritis.
Kormano, M. (1971) · Acta Rheumatologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/rhe1.1971.17.issue-1-4.39 · Cited by 8
A 5500-year-old Treponema pallidum genome from Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia
Bozzi, D., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Delgado, M. B., Buikstra, J. E., Amorim, C. E. G., Kassadjikova, K., Estrada, M. P., Greub, G., Rascovan, N., Šmajs, D., et al. (2026) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adw3020 · Cited by 9
A Bayesian approach to Suchey‐Brooks age estimation from the pubic symphysis using modern American samples
Godde, K., & Hens, S. M. (2024) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.15651 · Cited by 5
“Todd [ 24 ] originally described the morphological changes to the pubic symphysis and linked these changes to age.”
Applicability of the Suchey–Brooks method for age estimation in an Indian population: A computed tomography-based exploration using Bayesian analysis and machine learning
Warrier, V., Shedge, R., Garg, P., Dixit, S., Krishan, K., & Kanchan, T. (2023) · Medicine, Science and the Law · doi:10.1177/00258024231188799 · Cited by 7
“Whilst Todd ’ s preliminary observations aided in establishing the pubic symphysis as an ef ﬁ cient age marker, 13 his 10-phase pubic symphyseal age estimation method suffered from certain pertinent drawbacks.”
BackgroundMethod
Reconsidering the lives of the earliest Puerto Ricans: Mortuary Archaeology and bioarchaeology of the Ortiz site
Pestle, W., Pérez, E. M., & Koski-Karell, D. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284291 · Cited by 7
“As all five Ortiz Site individuals were adults; age-at-death was assessed by the state of the pubic symphysis [45, 46], auricular surface [47, 48], cranial sutures closure [38, 49], and dental wear [50].”
Dental health and dentistry in ancient Egypt: Possible evidence for dental filling and extraction at Deir el-Medina
Austin, A. (2022) · International Journal of Paleopathology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.005 · Cited by 7
Los Canes Mesolithic burials: archaeothanatology
Drak, L., Garralda, M., & Arias, P. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102381 · Cited by 7
Nourishing urban development: A palaeodietary study of Archaic Gabii, Italy (6th–5th c BCE)
Acosta, A. N., Killgrove, K., Moses, V. C., & Turner, B. L. (2019) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.101962 · Cited by 5
“The age-at-death of adults was determined by the scoring of the pubic symphysis, the auricular surface, and cranial suture closure based on Brooks and Suchey (1990), Buckberry and Chamberlein (2002), Todd (1921a, 1921b), Lovejoy et al. (1985), and Meindl and Lovejoy (1985).”
Method
La muerte, los ritos, lo sagrado: prácticas funerarias entre los habitantes de la costa sur de la Laguna Mar Chiquita y llanuras adyacentes en el holoceno tardío (Córdoba, Argentina)
Gonzalez, C., & Fabra, M. (2019) · Jangwa Pana · doi:10.21676/16574923.3191 · Cited by 7
Bioarqueología de Las Papas (Departamento Tinogasta, Catamarca): primeros resultados
Ratto, N. R., Aranda, C., & Luna, L. (2019) · Revista del Museo de La Plata · doi:10.24215/25456377e071 · Cited by 6
Setting the light conditions for measuring root transparency for age-at-death estimation methods
Adserias-Garriga, J., Nogué-Navarro, L., Zapico, S. C., & Ubelaker, D. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00414-017-1582-x · Cited by 7
Age change in the adult human scapula.
Dabbs, G., & Moore-Jansen, P. H. (2012) · Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen · doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2012.07.005 · Cited by 7
“…ends (İş can et al., 1984a,b, 1985), pubic symphyses (Brooks and Suchey, 1990; Gilbert and McKern, 1973; Katz and Suchey, 1986; McKern and Stewart, 1957), osteon formation and remodeling (Kerley, 1965), and the morphology of the auricular surface of the ilium (Lovejoy et al., 1985; Todd, 1920).”
Background
Age estimation from the IV rib by phase analysis in Indian males
Meena, M., Rani, Y., Naik, S., & Murari, A. (2012) · doi:10.1080/00450618.2011.652671 · Cited by 7
Evidence for temporal and social differences in cranial dimensions in Edo‐period Japanese
Nagaoka, T., Kawakubo, Y., & Hirata, K. (2010) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.1215 · Cited by 8
The number of missing teeth in people of the Edo period in Japan in the 17th to 19th centuries
Fujita, H. (2011) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00511.x · Cited by 6
Dental Caries Prevalence as a Product of Agriculture and Subsistence Pattern at the Yean-ri Site, South Korea
Fujita, H., Hashimoto, H., Shoda, S., & Suzuki, T. (2011) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000331920 · Cited by 7
“Age was estimated comprehensively using the condition of the pubic symphyseal surface which changes with age [Todd, 1920], closure of cranial sutures [Meindl and Lovejoy, 1985], and degenerative changes in bone such as ripping and deformation of vertebrae.”
Method
Modern Cross-Sectional Imaging in Anthropology
Dedouit, F., Telmon, N., Rousseau, H., Crubézy, É., Joffre, F., & Rougé, D. (2010) · doi:10.1201/b10323-13 · Cited by 7
The Impact of Racial Metric Variation in the Os Coxae on the Morphological Assessment of Sex*
Listi, G. A. (2010) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01428.x · Cited by 5
Postembryonic dimensional allometry of the human femur.
Sumner, D. R. (1984) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330640106 · Cited by 7
Possible neurogenic disorder in a female buried in the monastic cemetery at Ghazali (ca. 670–1270 CE), northern Sudan
Ciesielska, J. A., & Stark, R. J. (2019) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.2828 · Cited by 8
Military graves from the Late Roman necropolis at slog in Ravna (Timacum Minus)
Petković, S., & Miladinović-Radmilović, N. (2014) · doi:10.2298/sta1464087p · Cited by 7
“Todd 1920 – T. W. Todd, Age changes in the pubic bone: I The male white pubis.”
Background
“Rigorous and Systematic Qualitative Data Analysis in Biological Anthropology”
Wutich, A., Nelson, R., DuBois, L. Z., Astorino, C. M., Knudson, K. J., Reynolds, A. W., Riley, E. P., Smith, R. W. A., VanSickle, C., Carroll, S. R., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.70008 · Cited by 6
Population expansion and intensification from a Malthus-Boserup perspective: A multiproxy approach in Central Western Argentina
Peralta, E. A., Freeman, J., & Gil, A. F. (2023) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2023.08.013 · Cited by 6
Cranial morphometric analysis of early wet-rice farmers in the Yangtze River Delta of China
Okazaki, K., Takamuku, H., Kawakubo, Y., HUDSON, M., & Chen, J. (2021) · Anthropological Science · doi:10.1537/ase.210325 · Cited by 7
“changes in the pubic symphysis (Todd, 1920; Hanihara, 1952; Sakaue, 2006) and the auricular surface morphology (Lovejoy et al.”
Bone stable isotope data of the Late Roman population (4th–7th centuries CE) from Mondragones (Granada): A dietary reconstruction in a Roman villa context of south-eastern Spain
Martínez, P. F., Maurer, A., Morillo, N. T. J., López, M. C. B., López, B., & Dias, C. B. (2020) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102566 · Cited by 7
Computed tomography examination of the screaming mummy “Unknown-Woman-A”
Hawass, Z., & Saleem, S. N. (2020) · The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1186/s43055-020-00255-6 · Cited by 6
Proximal femur fractures among a medieval Christian population of northern Sudan: prevalence and aetiology
Ciesielska, J. A., & Stark, R. J. (2020) · doi:10.1002/oa.2894 · Cited by 6
A multidisciplinary approach to investigate the osteobiography of the Roman Imperial population from Muracciola Torresina (Palestrina, Rome, Italy)
Baldoni, M., Gismondi, A., Alexander, M., D’Agostino, A., Tibaldi, D., Marco, G. D., Scano, G., Canini, A., Caserta, E., Rickards, O., et al. (2019) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.101960 · Cited by 6
10. Expoloring Age - Transition Analysis as a Tool for Detecting the Elderly
Maaranen, N., & Buckberry, J. (2019) · AmS-skrifter · doi:10.31265/ams-skrifter.v0i26.215 · Cited by 6
A palaeopathological analysis of skeletal remains from Bronze Age Mongolia
Karstens, S., Littleton, J., Frøhlich, B., Amgaluntugs, T., Pearlstein, K., & Hunt, D. R. (2018) · HOMO · doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2018.11.002 · Cited by 9
A Study on the Asymmetry of the Human Left and Right Pubic Symphyseal Surfaces Using High‐Definition Data Capture and Computational Shape Methods
Stoyanova, D., Algee-Hewitt, B. F. B., Kim, J., & Slice, D. (2018) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13871 · Cited by 6
The impact of the Inca Empire in Northwest Argentina: Assessment of health status and food consumption at Esquina de Huajra (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Argentina)
Gheggi, M. S., Williams, V., & Cremonte, M. B. (2018) · doi:10.1002/oa.2652 · Cited by 6
Prevalence of cribra orbitalia in Pacopampa during the formative period in Peru
Nagaoka, T., Seki, Y., Uzawa, K., Takigami, M., & Chocano, D. M. (2017) · Anatomical Science International · doi:10.1007/s12565-017-0404-z · Cited by 6
Difference in public oral health at the Spring/Autumn and Warring States periods between the Central Plains and the northern Great Wall region in China
Okazaki, K., Fan, W.-Q., Wei, D., & Zhu, H. (2016) · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.010 · Cited by 6
Cranial traumatic injuries caused by weapons in Tokugawa Japan
Nagaoka, T. (2010) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.1187 · Cited by 8
Analysis of Neolithic human remains discovered in southern Italy
Donno, A. D., Santoro, V., Fazio, A. D., Corrado, S., Urso, D., Baldassarra, S. L., Nunno, N. D., & Introna, F. (2010) · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.009 · Cited by 6
Influencia de las patologías en los indicadores de edad adulta del coxal: estudio preliminar
Rissech, C., Schmitt, A., Malgosa, A., & Cunha, E. (2004) · Antropologia Portuguesa · doi:10.14195/2182-7982_21_12 · Cited by 6
Introduction to sex estimation and this volume
Klales, A. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815767-1.09984-3 · Cited by 5
Effect of sex misclassification on the skeletal biological profile
Messer, D. L., & Getz, S. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815767-1.00005-5 · Cited by 8
Bioarchaeology of Individuals: Identity, Social Theory, and Skeletal Analysis
Martin, D. L., Harrod, R., & Pérez, V. R. (2013) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6378-8_6 · Cited by 6
Application of the Scientific Method to Skeletal Biology
DiGangi, E., & Moore, M. K. (2013) · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385189-5.00002-9 · Cited by 6
Dental Information about Human Skeletal Remains from Nukdo, South Korea from a Period Corresponding to the Yayoi Period in Japan
Fujita, H., & Choi, J. G. (2008) · Journal of Oral Biosciences · doi:10.1016/s1349-0079(08)80010-2 · Cited by 6
Primeros análisis y conservación preventiva del registro bioarqueológico del Pukara de la Cueva (Humahuaca, Jujuy)
Aranda, C., Luna, L., & Ramundo, P. S. (2012) · doi:10.17139/raab.2012.0014.2.%g · Cited by 5
Recovery and study of human remains at the Chapel of S. Domenico - Al-Tahira Cathedral of the Syro-Catholic Archdiocese of Mosul located in Quaraqosh, Iraq: Medico-legal and forensic anthropological investigations.
Donato, L., Ubelaker, D., Cecchi, R., Camatti, J., Albore, M., D’Antonio, G., Napoletano, G., Sorace, L., Treglia, M., Marsella, L., et al. (2025) · Torture: quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture · doi:10.7146/torture.v35i1.150054 · Cited by 5
“(Baca et al, 2022; Todd, 1920) stage 6-7 (estimated age 30-35/39-44); sternal end fourth rib changes (Iscan, 2013) stage 3 (estimated age 25-34).”
The relationship between cause of death and skeletal markers of physiological stress in the Hamann‐Todd collection
Simon, A. M., Mellendorf, T. D., Cheverko, C. M., Clark, M. A., & Hübbe, M. (2024) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.25041 · Cited by 6
Osteological age-at-death estimation in an archaeological sample avoiding age-mimicry: a six-step approach
Navitainuck, D. U., Vach, W., Alt, K. W., & Pichler, S. L. (2024) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-024-02034-0 · Cited by 5
Estimating adult age categories in commingled skeletons with Transition Analysis 3.
Bolster, A. L., JeanLouis, H. J., Gregoricka, L. A., & Ullinger, J. (2023) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24890 · Cited by 5
"Heal the sick": Health status and caregiving during the 17th-18th century in Northern Italy (St. Biagio cemetery, Ravenna).
Luca, F. D., Pasini, A., Scianò, F., Zedda, N., Guarnieri, C., Masotti, S., Bramanti, B., Gualdi-Russo, E., & Rinaldo, N. (2023) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24861 · Cited by 5
Leprosy: The age-old companion of humans - Re-evaluation and comparative analysis of Avar-period cases with Hansen's disease from the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary.
Spekker, O., Tihanyi, B., Kis, L., Madai, Á., Pálfi, G., Csuvár-Andrási, R., Wicker, E., Szalontai, C., Samu, L., Koncz, I., et al. (2023) · Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.tube.2023.102393 · Cited by 5
Adult age‐at‐death estimation using the first rib: A simple probabilistic approach
Luna, L., & Aranda, C. (2022) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.15119 · Cited by 5
Dieta humana, movilidad y tecnología en un contexto mortuorio del valle del Atuel: el registro de Cañada Seca-1 (San Rafael, Mendoza)
Peralta, E. A., Pompei, M. D. L. P., López, J., Fiore, D., Diéguez, S., Ugan, A., Gil, A. F., & Neme, G. (2021) · Relaciones · doi:10.24215/18521479e020 · Cited by 5
Best practice for osteological sexing in forensics and bioarchaeology: The utility of combining metric and morphological traits from different anatomical regions
Navitainuck, D. U., Vach, W., Alt, K. W., & Schibler, J. (2021) · International Journal of Osteoarchaeology · doi:10.1002/oa.3014 · Cited by 6
“…out according to international standards (Lovejoy et al., 1985; Meindl & Lovejoy, 1985; Miles, 1963; Nemeskéri et al., 1960; Szilv assy, 1988; Todd, 1920) as part of the general anthropological study of this cemetery (Meyer & Alt, 2012), separating subadult from adult individuals (20 years…”
Background
Correlation of the human pubic symphysis surface with age-at-death: a novel quantitative method based on a bandpass filter
Morante, G. B., Bookstein, F., Fischer, B., Schaefer, K., Aguilera, I. A., & López, M. C. B. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02555-6 · Cited by 5
Bone age detection via carpogram analysis using convolutional neural networks
Figueroa, F. T., Salinas-Miranda, E., Sarmiento, M. A. B., Triana, G. A., & Arbeláez, P. (2017) · International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis (SIPAIM) · doi:10.1117/12.2285949 · Cited by 4
Posibles casos de tuberculosis y brucelosis en poblados argáricos de Galera (Granada)
Salvador, Á. R., Brobeil, S. A. J., Sánchez-Barba, L. P., Laffranchi, Z., & González, F. R. M. (2017) · Trabajos de Prehistoria · doi:10.3989/tp.2017.12189 · Cited by 6
Sex difference in oral disease of millet agriculturalists from the Take-vatan lineage of the recent Bunun tribe of Taiwan
Okazaki, K., PEI-YING, T., & Lu, K. (2013) · Anthropological Science · doi:10.1537/ase.130222 · Cited by 4
“Adult age was estimated based on age-related changes of the morphology of pubic symphysis and auricular surfaces (Todd, 1920; Meindl et al., 1985; Lovejoy et al., 1985), and cranial suture closure was used to estimate age where pelvic bones were unavailable (Meindl and Lovejoy, 1985).”
Method
Características biológicas de la colección osteológica de referencia de la Universidad de Antioquia. Informe preliminar
Isaza, J., & Monsalve, T. (2012) · Boletín de Antropología · doi:10.17533/udea.boan.11234 · Cited by 5
“Individuos adultos: Se observaron los cambios morfológicos de la superficie auricular del coxal según las modificaciones al método de Todd (1920) hechas por Lovejoy, Meindl, Pryzbeck y Mensforth (1985) citados por Bass (2005) y los cambios morfológicos en sínfisis púbica según Brooks y Suchey…”
Background
La antropología forense al servicio de la justicia y la historia: las fosas de la Guerra Civil
Morera, A. M., Armentano, N., Galtés, I., Jordana, X., Subirana, M., Ballbé, E. G., Luna, M. S., Lalueza, C., & Solé, Q. (2010) · Cuadernos de Medicina Forense · doi:10.4321/s1135-76062010000100008 · Cited by 12
Case of Late Prehistoric Mutilation On the Northwest Plains
Sheridan, S., Mobley-Tanaka, J., Gerven, D. V. V., & Shields, W. L. (1992) · doi:10.1080/2052546.1992.11931620 · Cited by 5
Determination of age at death in human skeletal remains: A comparison of two techniques
Gillett, R. M. (1991) · doi:10.1007/bf02443951 · Cited by 5
“In an attempt to rectify the difference in age ranges between the two methods, a conversion of Todd phases into equivalent Suchey-Brooks phases (KATZ & SUCHEY, 1986) was employed.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Using data from the US Korean War Dead and the Terry Collection to demonstrate problems of the common “overlap methods”
Konigsberg, L. (2021) · Remodeling Forensic Skeletal Age · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824370-1.00007-9 · Cited by 5
Complexities and considerations of human age estimation
Ellingham, S., & Adserias‐Garriga, J. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814491-6.00001-7 · Cited by 4
L'allée couverte du bois d'Archemont à Méréaucourt (Somme)
Masset, C., Pelegrin, J., Plisson, H., Blin, A., Mazhoud, F., Jagu, D., & Girard, M. (2013) · doi:10.3406/galip.2013.2500 · Cited by 5
“Deux éléments ont retenu notre attention : d’une part, l’examen des différentes phases d’évolution de la symphyse pubienne (Todd, 1920 ; Brooks et al., 1990), et d’autre part, l’évolution de la surface auriculaire de l’ilium selon la méthode mise au point par Lovejoy et Meindl (1985).”
Background
Human skeletal remains of a chief-retainer family of the Akashi clan from the Unseiji site (Akashi, Japan) in the Edo period
Nagaoka, T., Abe, M., Tsutaya, T., Kawakubo, Y., Sakaue, K., Morita, W., Yoneda, M., Takuma, H., Yahiro, R., Hirata, K., et al. (2013) · Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) · doi:10.1537/asj.121211 · Cited by 5
Tracing Mobility and Identity: Bioarchaeology and bone chemistry of the Bronze Age Sant’Abbondio cemetery (Pompeii, Italy)
Tafuri, M. A. (2005) · University of Michigan Press eBooks · doi:10.30861/9781841718040 · Cited by 5
Skeletal age-at-death estimation: validating the Suchey-Brooks method using 3D reconstructed models in a contemporary Indonesian population
Lye, R., Obertová, Z., Bachtiar, N. A., & Franklin, D. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00414-025-03496-0 · Cited by 4
Histomorphometric method for age-at-death estimation using the anterior side of the femoral midshaft
Bantavanou, P., Siegmund, F., Moraitis, K., Pavlidis, P., Bertsatos, A., Valakos, E. D., Karakasi, M., Μanthou, M. E., & Papageorgopoulou, C. (2025) · Journal of Archaeological Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105012 · Cited by 3
“However, in cases of severe fragmentation or absence of these elements, anthropological methods cannot perform efficiently, exhibiting in some cases a standard error of more than ± 10 years (Brooks and Suchey, 1990; Cunningham and Black, 2016; Franklin, 2010; Lovejoy et al., 1985a; Todd, 1920).”
Interpretable Machine Learning for Age‐at‐Death Estimation From the Pubic Symphysis
Bermejo, E., Villegas, A. D., Irurita, J., Damas, S., & Cordón, Ó. (2025) · Expert Systems · doi:10.1111/exsy.70021 · Cited by 3
Age estimation through sternal fusion and costal cartilage ossification using MSCT in a Croatian population: model development and application
Vickov, J., Jerković, I., Perić, I., Jerković, N., & Bašić, Ž. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00414-024-03404-y · Cited by 4
Age estimation using medial clavicle by histomorphometry method with artificial intelligence: A review
Pichetpan, K., Singsuwan, P., & Mahakkanukrauh, P. (2024) · Medicine Science and the Law · doi:10.1177/00258024241270779 · Cited by 4
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes reveal the human paleodiet evolution during the 8th-12th century in the Venetian Lagoon (Italy)
Battistel, D., Viva, S., Turetta, C., Cadamuro, S., Bonato, E., Giummolè, F., Lonoce, N., Barbante, C., & Gelichi, S. (2024) · Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12520-024-02032-2 · Cited by 4
“For adults above the age of 20, the age at death was determined using the following methods: remodeling in the pubic symphysis (Todd 1920) and the auricular surface of the ilium (Buckberry and Chamberlain 2002); cranial suture obliteration (Meindl and Lovejoy 1985).”
První výsledky rekonstrukce stravy jedinců pohřbených u hřbitovního karneru Všech svatých v Kutné Hoře – Sedlci
Kaupová, S. D., Frolík, J., Velemínský, P., Velímský, F., Vytlačil, Z., & Brzobohatá, H. (2024) · Archeologické rozhledy · doi:10.35686/ar.2023.17 · Cited by 5

Authors: Todd, T. W.
Affiliations: Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author: Todd, T. Wingate
Venue: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1920-07
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Pages: 285-334
ISSN: 0002-9483 (ISSN-L)
1096-8644
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330030301
OpenAlex: W2122873164
Cited by: 733
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 273.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 31021 d)
Locations: American Journal of Physical Anthropology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Classical Anatomy and Histology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Keywords: pubic bone, age estimation, skeletal aging, white men, pubic symphysis, forensic age estimation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Age changes in the pubic bone. I. The male white pubis

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks