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Association of chemosensory dysfunction and COVID‐19 in patients presenting with influenza‐like symptoms
Open accessAbstract
Background: Rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and concern for viral transmission by ambulatory patients with minimal to no symptoms underline the importance of identifying early or subclinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. Two such candidate symptoms include anecdotally reported loss of smell and taste. Understanding the timing and association of smell/taste loss in COVID‐19 may help facilitate screening and early isolation of cases. Methods: A single‐institution, cross‐sectional study evaluating patient‐reported symptoms with a focus on smell and taste was conducted using an internet‐based platform on adult subjects who underwent testing for COVID‐19. Logistic regression was employed to identify symptoms associated with COVID‐19 positivity. Results: A total of 1480 patients with influenza‐like symptoms underwent COVID‐19 testing between March 3, 2020, and March 29, 2020. Our study captured 59 of 102 (58%) COVID‐19–positive patients and 203 of 1378 (15%) COVID‐19–negative patients. Smell and taste loss were reported in 68% (40/59) and 71% (42/59) of COVID‐19–positive subjects, respectively, compared to 16% (33/203) and 17% (35/203) of COVID‐19–negative patients ( p < 0.001). Smell and taste impairment were independently and strongly associated with COVID‐19 positivity (anosmia: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.9; 95% CI, 5.08‐23.5; ageusia: aOR 10.2; 95% CI, 4.74‐22.1), whereas sore throat was associated with COVID‐19 negativity (aOR 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.50). Of patients who reported COVID‐19–associated loss of smell, 74% (28/38) reported resolution of anosmia with clinical resolution of illness. Conclusion: In ambulatory individuals with influenza‐like symptoms, chemosensory dysfunction was strongly associated with COVID‐19 infection and should be considered when screening symptoms. Most will recover chemosensory function within weeks, paralleling resolution of other disease‐related symptoms.
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“a symptom more specific to COVID‐19 infection is loss of taste and smell, in which loss of taste, or dysgeusia, occurs in approximately 88.8% of cases.”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [297]
In the citing paper
“recovery from COVID-related anosmia often occurs over weeks (11, 17, 18)”
From Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Any reasonable pathophysiological mechanism for COVID-19-associated anosmia must account for the high penetrance of smell disorders relative to endemic viruses (12, 91, 92), the apparent suddenness of smell loss that can precede the development of other symptoms (11, 13), and the transient nature of dysfunction in many patients (11, 17, 18); definitive identification of the disease mechanisms”
From Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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Cites
Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19
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- Giacomelli A, Self‐reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients: a cross‐sectional study, Clin Infect Dis
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Items 201–300 of 752
Global prevalence and pathogenesis of headache in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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“Out of the studies, ten were case-control 28,29,31,99,105,120,128,130,132 , four were cross-sectional 50,70,122,131,133 , and two were prospective cohort studies 127,129 .”
InfluentialPatients’ Perspectives on Qualitative Olfactory Dysfunction: Thematic Analysis of Social Media Posts
Parker, J. K., Kelly, C., Smith, B., Kirkwood, A. F., Hopkins, C. L., & Gane, S. B. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/29086 · Cited by 41
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“COVID-19 was shown to be related to smell and taste impairment independently and strongly, but not to sore throat [37].”
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Villarreal, I. M., Morato, M., Martínez-Ruiz-Coello, M. D. M., Navarro, A., García-Chillerón, R., Ruiz, Á., de Almeida, I. V., Mazón, L., & Plaza, G. (2020) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-020-06237-8 · Cited by 40
Hyposmia Is Associated with Reduced Cognitive Function in COVID-19: First Preliminary Results
Pirker-Kees, A., Platho-Elwischger, K., Hafner, S., Redlich, K., & Baumgartner, C. (2021) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000515575 · Cited by 40
COVID-19 and Parkinson’s Disease: Are We Dealing with Short-term Impacts or Something Worse?
Victorino, D. B., Guimarães‐Marques, M., Nejm, M. B., Scorza, F. A., & Scorza, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-202073 · Cited by 37
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“2020; 138(3):259-66 moderate in intensity and manifest as common colds.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBarriers to effective health care for patients who have smell or taste disorders
Ball, S. G., Boak, D., Dixon, J., Carrie, S., & Philpott, C. M. (2021) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/coa.13818 · Cited by 39
Global prevalence and pathogenesis of headache in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Research progress of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Jiao, T., Huang, Y., Sun, H., & Yang, L. (2024) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-024-06642-5 · Cited by 41
Doxycycline: From Ocular Rosacea to COVID-19 Anosmia. New Insight Into the Coronavirus Outbreak
Bonzano, C., Borroni, D., Lancia, A., & Bonzano, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00200 · Cited by 37
“The short-term COVID-19-linked anosmia reported in our experience supports the hypothesis that SARS-CoV2 affects the OE, which can quickly renew and recover following viral clearance (41).”
ResultBenkovic, S., Kim, M. J., & Sin, E. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26029 · Cited by 37
Nakanishi, H., Suzuki, M., 前田, 浩., Nakamura, Y., Ikegami, Y., Takenaka, Y., Mori, Y., Hasuo, T., & Hasegawa, C. (2020) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.252.109 · Cited by 37
“Yan et al. (2020) examined patients with influenza-like symptoms, although we examined patients with possibilities of COVID-19.”
BackgroundInfluentialGözen, E. D., Aliyeva, C., Tevetoğlu, F., Karaali, R., Balkan, İ. İ., Yener, M., & Özdoğan, H. A. (2020) · Ear Nose & Throat Journal · doi:10.1177/0145561320975510 · Cited by 36
“The World Health Organization (WHO) recently named this disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).1 Although more common symptoms are fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and myalgia; upper respiratory tract symptoms such as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, and hyposmia/anosmia ca…”
BackgroundWidespread sensory neuropathy in diabetic patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 infection
Odriozola, A., Ortega, L., Martinez, L., Odriozola, S., Torrens, A., Coroleu, D., Martínez, S., Ponce, M., Meije, Y., Presas, M. C., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108631 · Cited by 37
“[3] Yan CH, Faraji F, Prajapati DP, et al.”
BackgroundInsights into neurological dysfunction of critically ill COVID-19 patients
Deana, C., Verriello, L., Pauletto, G., Corradi, F., Forfori, F., Cammarota, G., Bignami, E. G., Vetrugno, L., & Bove, T. (2020) · Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.tacc.2020.09.005 · Cited by 36
COVID-19: Post-recovery long-term symptoms among patients in Saudi Arabia
Khodeir, M. M., Shabana, H. A., Rasheed, Z., Alkhamiss, A. S., Khodeir, M., Alkhowailed, M. S., Alharbi, S., Alsoghair, M., Alsagaby, S. A., & Abdulmonem, W. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260259 · Cited by 37
“It has been observed in previous human coronavirus infections; however, the incidence is higher with SARS-CoV-2 infection [59].”
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A Meta‐Analysis of 67 Studies with Presenting Symptoms and Laboratory Tests of COVID ‐19 Patients
Mair, M. D., Singhavi, H. R., Pai, A., Singhavi, J., Gandhi, P., Conboy, P., Baker, A., & Das, S. K. (2020) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.29207 · Cited by 32
Altered taste in patients with COVID‐19: The potential role of salivary glands
Pedrosa, M. D. S., Sipert, C. R., & Nogueira, F. N. (2020) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.13496 · Cited by 35
“…in nature, and it remains unknown if patients have actual disturbances in their sense of taste or whether they are experiencing a disturbance in flavor, which is a combination of olfactory, gustatory, and trigeminal inputs (Bromley, 2000; Fitzgerald, 2020; Parma et al., 2020; Yan et al., 2020).”
BackgroundLong COVID: Complications, Underlying Mechanisms, and Treatment Strategies
Zadeh, F. H. (2023) · Archives of Microbiology & Immunology · doi:10.26502/ami.93650103 · Cited by 35
Prajapati, D. P., Shahrvini, B., MacDonald, B. V., Crawford, K. L., Lechner, M., DeConde, A. S., & Yan, C. H. (2020) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.22688 · Cited by 34
“At initial enrollment, 2 self-reported VAS scores were obtained: (1) baseline VAS capturing the pre–COVID-19 olfactory rating; and (2) VAS at the time of enrollment within 5 days of COVID-19 confirmation by PCR.”
MethodSelf-citationOlfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: Findings from a Tertiary Rural Centre
Thakur, K., Sagayaraj, A., Prasad, K. C., & Gupta, A. (2021) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-021-02364-8 · Cited by 34
Salivary detection of SARS‐CoV ‐2 ( COVID ‐19) and implications for oral health‐care providers
Bajaj, N., Granwehr, B. P., Hanna, E. Y., & Chambers, M. S. (2020) · Head & Neck · doi:10.1002/hed.26322 · Cited by 33
Neurological Consequences of 2019-nCoV Infection: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Azim, D., Nasim, S., Kumar, S., Hussain, A., & Patel, S. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.8790 · Cited by 33
Biological and Psychological Factors Determining Neuropsychiatric Outcomes in COVID-19
Tizenberg, B., Brenner, L. A., Lowry, C. A., Okusaga, O. O., Benavides, D. R., Hoisington, A. J., Benros, M. E., Stiller, J. W., Kessler, R. C., & Postolache, T. T. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01275-3 · Cited by 33
Overview of COVID ‐19 testing and implications for otolaryngologists
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Cao, A. C., Nimmo, Z. M., Mirza, N. A., Cohen, N. A., Brody, R. M., & Doty, R. L. (2021) · World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.02.001 · Cited by 34
“in patients with the virus, although the time to recovery is highly variable.(1,21,25,26) Similarly, we observed a time‐related increase in smell test scores among subjects with prior infection.”
Characteristics of COVID-19 smell and taste dysfunction in hospitalized patients
Husain, Q. M., Kokinakos, K., Kuo, Y., Zaidi, F., Houston, S., & Shargorodsky, J. (2021) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103068 · Cited by 31
“Smell and taste dysfunction have been looked at as potential early clinical symptoms of a COVID-19 infection [24,25].”
BackgroundSalivary detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and implications for oral healthcare providersPreprint
Chambers, M. S. (2020) · doi:10.22541/au.159050674.49250574 · Cited by 32
COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction - an ENT perspective to the current COVID-19 pandemic
Vroegop, A. V. M. T., Eeckels, A., Rompaey, V. V., Abeele, D. V., Schiappoli, M., Alobid, I., Hummel, T. R., Dorlodot, C. D., Levie, P., Huart, C., et al. (2020) · B-ENT · doi:10.5152/b-ent.2020.20127 · Cited by 31
“(35) included a total of 1480 patients with influenza-like symptoms that underwent COVID-19 testing.”
BackgroundEngelman, D. T., Lother, S., George, I., Ailawadi, G., Atluri, P., Grant, M. C., Haft, J. W., Hassan, A., Légaré, J., Whitman, G. R., et al. (2020) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.002 · Cited by 31
Arias, P. P., Barreira-Fernandez, P., Quintana-Sanjuás, A., & Patiño-Castiñeira, B. (2020) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102648 · Cited by 31
“Other studies have tried to overcome these limitations through different strategies pertaining to demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample [12,17] and comparisons with other clinical studies [18].”
A Systematic Review of Non-Contact Sensing for Developing a Platform to Contain COVID-19
Khan, M. B., Zhang, Z., Li, L., Zhao, W. Z., Hababi, M. A. M. A., Yang, X., & Abbasi, Q. H. (2020) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi11100912 · Cited by 30
“Headache and dizziness remain the most common symptoms; however, symptoms due to loss of muscle control and loss of proprioception have recently been reported due to transient neuromuscular disorder [22,23], as well as loss of smell and taste [24,25].”
BackgroundHighlights in the fight against COVID-19: does autophagy play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection?
Delorme‐Axford, E., & Klionsky, D. J. (2020) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2020.1844940 · Cited by 32
“Additionally, individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 have also reported anosmia, or loss of smell [13].”
BackgroundCoelho, D. H., Kons, Z. A., Costanzo, R. M., & Reiter, E. R. (2020) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599820929957 · Cited by 30
Sehanobish, E., Barbi, M., Fong, V., Kravitz, M. B., Tejera, D. S., Asad, M., Matsumura, C., Ferastraoaru, D. E., O’Neill, M. P., Karagic, M., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy · doi:10.1177/19458924211004800 · Cited by 31
Loss of Smell and Taste Among Healthcare Personnel Screened for Coronavirus 2019
Kempker, R. R., Kempker, J. A., Peters, M., Rebolledo, P. A., Carroll, K., Toomer, L., Wang, Y. F., Ray, S. M., & Hunter, M. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa877 · Cited by 29
“However, limitations included a limited survey response, particularly among COVID-19–negative patients, and potential recall bias [5].”
BackgroundDo saline water gargling and nasal irrigation confer protection against COVID-19?
Panta, P., Chatti, K., & Andhavarapu, A. (2020) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.09.010 · Cited by 29
“It must be borne in mind that some individuals often confuse simple influenza for COVID-19 because these tend to be indistinguishable in some cases.(4,5) Negative opinions of saltwater gargling and nasal irrigation(25) prevents use of these measures in the context of an actual viral infection; however, appropriate con…”
Update on Neurological Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2
Valiuddin, H., Kalajdzic, A., Rosati, J., Boehm, K. M., & Hill, D. (2020) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2020.8.48839 · Cited by 29
Acute Olfactory Loss Is Specific for COVID-19 at the Emergency Department
Chua, A. J. K., Charn, T. C., Chan, E. C., & Loh, J. (2020) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.015 · Cited by 28
COVID-19 and the Renin Angiotensin System: Implications for the Older Adults
Bahat, G. (2020) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1403-7 · Cited by 29
“These symptoms were about 70% being nearly as common as fever, cough and myalgia (31).”
BackgroundPersistent Smell Loss Following Undetectable SARS‐CoV‐2
Yan, C. H., Prajapati, D. P., Ritter, M. L., & DeConde, A. S. (2020) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599820934769 · Cited by 27
Self-citationCalvo‐Henríquez, C., Maldonado-Alvarado, B., Chiesa-Estomba, C. M., Rivero-Fernández, I., Sanz-Rodriguez, M., Villarreal, I. M., Rodriguez-Iglesias, M., Mariño‐Sánchez, F., Rivero‐de‐Aguilar, A., Lechien, J. R., et al. (2020) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-020-06131-3 · Cited by 28
COVID-19 and neurocognitive disorders
Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B., Kronenberg, G., & Raha‐Chowdhury, R. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000687 · Cited by 29
COVID-19 and Dentistry in 72 Questions: An Overview of the Literature
Derruau, S., Bouchet, J., Nassif, A., Baudet, A., Yasukawa, K., Lorimier, S., Prêcheur, I., Bloch‐Zupan, A., Pellat, B., Chardin, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10040779 · Cited by 30
“In addition, approximately 60% of people with mild to moderate forms of COVID-19 have anosmia and ageusia, which generally regress within a few weeks [281,282].”
BackgroundOverview of COVID-19 and neurological complications
Hosseini, N., Nadjafi, S., & Ashtari, B. (2021) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2020-0116 · Cited by 29
“Moreover, patients with a chemosensory dysfunction, i.e., anosmia or hyposmia, also experienced altered or loss of taste (Yan et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialRodebaugh, T. L., Frumkin, M. R., Reiersen, A. M., Lenze, E. J., Avidan, M. S., Miller, J., Piccirillo, J. F., Zorumski, C. F., & Mattar, C. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab090 · Cited by 29
“Nevertheless, self-reported symptoms of problems with smell and taste have emerged as 2 of the best predictors of COVID-19 status [21, 22].”
Haththotuwa, P. M. P. S., & Rupasingha, R. (2021) · Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities · doi:10.4038/sljssh.v1i2.46 · Cited by 30
“Therefore, it is necessary to restart the educational activities under the measures taken to prevent the spread of the plague (Merkl-Davies, Doris M.; Brennan, 2001; Moorhouse, 2020; Putri et al., 2020; Yan et al., 2020).”
BackgroundIntranasal Corticosteroid Treatment on Recovery of Long‐Term Olfactory Dysfunction Due to COVID ‐19
Hosseinpoor, M., Kabiri, M., Rajati, M., Soltani, T. G., Rezaei, A., Faghfouri, A., Gholkhatmi, Z. P., & Bakhshaee, M. (2022) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.30353 · Cited by 28
“The description of taste dysfunction was more heterogeneous with dysgeusia, ageusia, or distorted taste, which were present in 33%, 20%, and 21% of COVID-19 cases, respectively.(7,24,25) It has been explained that corticosteroids recover smell function directly by an effect on olfactory receptor neuron function in ext…”
BackgroundSmell and taste disorders during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study on 355 patients.Preprint
Dell’Era, V. (2020) · doi:10.22541/au.158931660.08650978 · Cited by 28
Diagnosis of COVID-19 Based on Symptomatic Analysis of Hospital Healthcare Workers in Belgium
Loon, N. V., Verbrugghe, M., Cartuyvels, R., & Ramaekers, D. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002015 · Cited by 28
“including in a European multicenter study.(25,26) Meanwhile, loss of smell/taste was also added to the list of COVID-19-like symptoms by the WHO.”
BackgroundRamasamy, K., Saniasiaya, J., & Gani, N. A. (2020) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/0003489420963165 · Cited by 26
“518 Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 130(5)”
BackgroundInfluentialLoss of smell in COVID-19 patients: a critical review with emphasis on the use of olfactory tests
Marchese‐Ragona, R., Restivo, D. A., Corso, E. D., Vianello, A., Nicolai, P., & Ottaviano, G. (2020) · Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica · doi:10.14639/0392-100x-n0862 · Cited by 28
“Studying retrospectively smell and taste data from 128 COVID-19 patients, Yan et al. 20 observed that only 26 (20.1”
BackgroundInfluentialTateyama‐Makino, R., Abe-Yutori, M., Iwamoto, T., Tsutsumi, K., Tsuji, M., Morishita, S., Kurita, K., Yamamoto, Y., Nishinaga, E., & Tsukinoki, K. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257705 · Cited by 27
“Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a serious public health problem worldwide.”
BackgroundInfluentialOlfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19: A Global Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis
Zyoud, S. H., Shakhshir, M. H., Koni, A. A., Shahwan, M. J., Jairoun, A. A., & Al‐Jabi, S. W. (2022) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/00034894221082735 · Cited by 36
Phuhongsung, P., Zhang, M., & MUJUMDAR, A. S. (2022) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111616 · Cited by 27
Telemedicine allows quantitative measuring of olfactory dysfunction in COVID‐19
Klimek, L., Hagemann, J., Alali, A., Spielhaupter, M., Huppertz, T., Hörmann, K., Stielow, S., Freudelsperger, L., & Matthias, C. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14467 · Cited by 26
Oral Corticosteroid Relieves Post-COVID-19 Anosmia in a 35-Year-Old Patient
Touisserkani, S. K., & Ayatollahi, A. (2020) · Case Reports in Otolaryngology · doi:10.1155/2020/5892047 · Cited by 26
Franca, R. A., Ugga, L., Guadagno, E., Russo, D., & De, M. D. B. (2020) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/apm.13092 · Cited by 26
“(24) reported, in a study of 59 COVID-19-positive patients with influenza-like symptoms, that 71% of them lost”
BackgroundKarni, N., Klein, H., Asseo, K., Benjamini, Y., Israel, S., Nammary, M., Olshtain‐Pops, K., Nir‐Paz, R., Hershko, A. Y., Muszkat, M., et al. (2020) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa589 · Cited by 28
Kim, D. H., Kim, S. W., Stybayeva, G., Lim, S. Y., & Hwang, S. H. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.21053/ceo.2020.02369 · Cited by 26
“However, significant viral transmission has been traced to these mildly symptomatic and non-hospitalized patients [3].”
BackgroundMethodThe prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in covid-19 - A systematic review
Wu, D., Wang, V. Y., Chen, Y., Ku, C., & Wang, P. (2021) · Auris Nasus Larynx · doi:10.1016/j.anl.2021.07.007 · Cited by 28
Does the Clinical Spectrum of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Show Regional Differences?
Kim, S. Y., & Kim, D. W. (2020) · Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.21053/ceo.2020.00612 · Cited by 26
Navigating the Diagnostics of COVID-19
Sanyaolu, A. O., Okorie, C., Marinkovic, A., Ayodele, O., Abbasi, A. F., Prakash, S., Ahmed, M., Kayode, D., Jaferi, U., & Haider, N. (2020) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-020-00408-8 · Cited by 25
Chi, H., Chiu, N., Peng, C.-C., Lin, C., Tai, Y., Lee, M.-D., Cheng, Y., Tan, B., & Lin, C. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10090158 · Cited by 25
“Yan [19] USA hospitalized and outpatients 59 42 (71.”
BackgroundBaxter, B. D., Larson, E. D., Merle, L., Feinstein, P. G., Polese, A. G., Bubak, A. N., Niemeyer, C. S., Hassell, J. E., Shepherd, D. P., Ramakrishnan, V. R., et al. (2021) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-021-07528-y · Cited by 25
“Because numerous patients reported loss of smell [30, 66, 94, 95], researchers wondered about the mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory epithelium.”
BackgroundWei, S., Xu, T., Jiang, T., & Yin, D. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c02048 · Cited by 25
Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hannum, M. E., Koch, R. J., Ramirez, V. A., Marks, S. S., Toskala, A. K., Herriman, R. D., Lin, C., Joseph, P. V., & Reed, D. R. (2023) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjad043 · Cited by 27
Giorli, A., Ferretti, F., Biagini, C., Salerni, L., Bindi, I., Dasgupta, S., Pozza, A., Gualtieri, G., Gusinu, R., Coluccia, A., et al. (2020) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-020-00641-5 · Cited by 24
Tracking COVID-19 using taste and smell loss Google searches is not a reliable strategy
Asseo, K., Fierro, F., Slavutsky, Y., Frasnelli, J., & Niv, M. Y. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77316-3 · Cited by 20
Gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a rapid systematic review on 27,687 cases
Cirillo, N., Bizzoca, M. E., Muzio, E. L., Cazzolla, A. P., & Muzio, L. L. (2021) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016357.2020.1869828 · Cited by 25
“4% [21] while studies from USA reported values from 10% [22] to 71% [23].”
BackgroundPrevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with Covid-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar
Al-Ani, R. M., & ACHARYA, D. (2020) · Scholarly Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.32474/sjo.2020.04.000197 · Cited by 26
Patient‐reported olfactory recovery after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A 6‐month follow‐up study
Lucidi, D., Molinari, G., Silvestri, M., Corso, E. D., Guaraldi, G., Mussini, C., Presutti, L., & Fernandez, I. J. (2021) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.22775 · Cited by 24
What can the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 tell us: a meta-analysis
He, Y., Bai, X., Zhu, T., Huang, J., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-03039-2 · Cited by 25
Approaches to Understanding COVID ‐19 and its Neurological Associations
Beghi, E., Michael, B. D., Solomon, T., Westenberg, E., & Winkler, A. S. (2021) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.26076 · Cited by 24
Callejón-Leblic, M. A., Jiménez, D. I. M., Moreno‐Luna, R., Palacios-García, J. M., Álvarez-Cendrero, M., Vizcarra-Melgar, J., Fernandez-Velez, C., Reyes-Tejero, I. M., Maza-Solano, J. M., García, J. G., et al. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12081256 · Cited by 24
Chemosensory Dysfunction in Patients with COVID-19: What Do We Learn from the Global Outbreak?
Zeng, M., Wang, D. Y., Mullol, J., & Liu, Z. (2021) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-020-00987-5 · Cited by 23
Lehrich, B. M., Goshtasbi, K., Raad, R. A., Ganti, A., Papagiannopoulos, P., Tajudeen, B. A., & Kuan, E. C. (2020) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599820929278 · Cited by 22
Taste and Smell Impairment in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: An Intensive Care Unit Study
Sayın, P., Altınay, M., Çınar, A. S., & Özdemir, H. M. (2020) · Ear Nose & Throat Journal · doi:10.1177/0145561320977464 · Cited by 22
“Thus, it has been hypothesized that 2 different forms of COVID-19 exist: a ‘‘nasal’’ form and a ‘‘pulmonary’’ form.(4) These forms of the disease have been reported to differ in terms of nasal obstruction, as well as taste and smell impairment.”
BackgroundA Review of Neurological Involvement in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Xu, Y., Zhuang, Y., & Kang, L. (2021) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.932962 · Cited by 23
“A study in the United States also showed a similar prevalence [55].”
BackgroundImmune mediating molecules and pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated neurological disease
Singh, H., Singh, A., Khan, A. A., & Gupta, V. K. (2021) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105023 · Cited by 23
COVID‐19‐Associated Chemosensory Loss Continues to Decline
Reiter, E. R., Coelho, D. H., French, E., & Costanzo, R. M. (2023) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1002/ohn.384 · Cited by 22
The influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and the airways: Clarification for the otorhinolaryngologist
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SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the central nervous: a brief review
Siddiqui, R., Mungroo, M. R., & Khan, N. A. (2021) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/21548331.2021.1887677 · Cited by 21
“Loss of smell and taste was described in 68% and 71% of 59 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients [42].”
BackgroundNeurological Associations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review
Javed, A. (2021) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527320666210216121211 · Cited by 22
Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review
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“For instance, studies have reported a prevalence of 13.8–67.2% in Asia (19, 24), 19–68% in North America (21, 25), 19.4–85.6% in Europe (20, 26), and 82.4% in Brazil (18).”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, Y., Zhang, F., Byrd, J. B., Yu, H. J., Ye, X., & He, Y. O. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.770031 · Cited by 21
SARS-CoV-2 Leads to Significantly More Severe Olfactory Loss than Other Seasonal Cold Viruses
Haehner, A., Marquardt, B., Kardashi, R., de With, K., Rößler, S., Landis, B. N., Welge‐Lüessen, A., & Hummel, T. R. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12030461 · Cited by 20
Neurological infection and complications of SARS-CoV-2: A review
Singh, S., Meher, N., Mohammed, A., Razab, M. K. A. A., Bhaskar, L. V., & Nawi, N. M. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000030284 · Cited by 23
“[4,11,22] This evidence is proved by anosmia and ageusia in the patients of COVID-19.”
BackgroundInfluentialModeling the effectiveness of olfactory testing to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Larremore, D. B., Toomre, D. K., & Parker, R. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23315-5 · Cited by 21
“[16] Carol H Yan, Farhoud Faraji, Divya P Prajapati, Christine E Boone, and Adam S DeConde.”
BackgroundPerišić, O. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10091346 · Cited by 22
“In some cases, symptoms also involve a still-unexplained loss of smell and taste [4].”
BackgroundCoronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses
Riederer, P. F., & ter Meulen, V. (2020) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-020-02230-x · Cited by 21
Neurological manifestations and complications in patients with covid-19
Ternovykh, I. К., Topuzova, M. P., Chaykovskaya, A. D., Isabekova, P. S., & Alekseeva, T. M. (2020) · Translational Medicine · doi:10.18705/2311-4495-2020-7-3-21-29 · Cited by 23
Olfactory and taste dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: its prevalence and outcomes
Jain, A., Kumar, L., Kaur, J., Baisla, T., Goyal, P., Pandey, A. K., Das, A., & Parashar, L. (2020) · The Journal of Laryngology & Otology · doi:10.1017/s0022215120002467 · Cited by 20
Villerabel, C., Makinson, A., Jaussent, A., Picot, M., Nègre‐Pagès, L., Rouvière, J.-A., Favier, V., Crampette, L., Morquin, D., Reynes, J., et al. (2021) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.5074 · Cited by 19
Symptoms and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Outpatient Setting
Knight, D. R. T., Downes, K. L., Munipalli, B., Halkar, M. G., Logvinov, I. I., Speicher, L. L., & Hines, S. L. (2021) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-021-00746-1 · Cited by 20
“In contrast, approximately 60 to 70% of patients with severe disease have reported loss of smell or taste [14, 15].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Yan, C. H., Faraji, F., Prajapati, D. P., Boone, C. E., & DeConde, A. S.
- Affiliations
- UC San Diego Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yan, Carol H.
- Venue
- International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 806-813
- ISSN
- 2042-6976 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-6984
- PMC
- PMC7262089
- OpenAlex
- W3015631092
- Cited by
- 754
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 248 · 2020: 317
- FWCI
- 63.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001442)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatological and COVID-19 studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, anosmia, ageusia, chemosensory dysfunction, flu-like symptoms, subclinical symptoms, symptom screening, sore throat, symptom resolution, virus transmission, asymptomatic transmission, outpatients, patient-reported symptoms, COVID-19 testing, COVID-19 isolation, COVID-19 recovery
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Olfaction Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Taste Disorders, Prevalence, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult, Pandemics
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