Cited by 126Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchHealth disparities and outcomesAlzheimer's disease research and treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study

Open access

Akhter‐Khan, Samia C., Tao, Qiushan, Ang, Ting Fang Alvin, Itchapurapu, Indira Swetha, Alosco, Michael L., Mez, Jesse, Piers, Ryan J., Steffens, David C., Au, Rhoda, Qiu, Wei Qiao·2021·Alzheimer's & Dementia

DOI 10.1002/alz.12327PMC PMC8460688

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Introduction: The relationship between persistent loneliness and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. We examined the relationship between different types of mid‐life loneliness and the development of dementia and AD. Methods: Loneliness was assessed in cognitively normal adults using one item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We defined loneliness as no loneliness, transient loneliness, incident loneliness,or persistent loneliness, and applied Cox regression models and Kaplan‐Meier plots with dementia and AD as outcomes (n = 2880). Results: After adjusting for demographics, social network, physical health, and apolipoprotein E ε4, persistent loneliness was associated with higher (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–2.90; P < .01), and transient loneliness with lower (HR, 0.34; 95% CI 0.14–0.84; P < .05), risk of dementia onset, compared to no loneliness. Results were similar for AD risk. Discussion: Persistent loneliness in mid‐life is an independent risk factor for dementia and AD, whereas recovery from loneliness suggests resilience to dementia risk.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/alz.12327

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS‐ADRDA Work Group* under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 · Cited by 23,020
Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614568352 · Cited by 6,043
Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8 · Cited by 4,782
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: risk, mechanisms and therapy
Liu, C.-C., Kanekiyo, T., Xu, H., & Bu, G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.263 · Cited by 3,459
Loneliness: A Source Book of Current Theory, Research and Therapy
Blazer, D. G. (1983) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/38.4.492 · Cited by 2,139
Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies
Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., & Hanratty, B. (2016) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308790 · Cited by 1,971
Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the chicago health, aging, and social relations study
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0017216 · Cited by 1,757
The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective
Mahmood, S. S., Levy, D., Vasan, R. S., & Wang, T. J. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61752-3 · Cited by 1,622

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 38 references

Sorted by citations

Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission
Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Liu, K. Y., Costafreda, S. G., Selbæk, G., Alladi, S., Ames, D., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Brayne, C., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01296-0 · Cited by 3,860
Associations of Social Isolation and Loneliness With Later Dementia
Shen, C., Rolls, E. T., Cheng, W., Kang, J., Dong, G., Xie, C., Zhao, X.-M., Sahakian, B. J., & Feng, J. (2022) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000200583 · Cited by 266
Social participation and risk of developing dementia
Sommerlad, A., Kivimäki, M., Larson, E. B., Röhr, S., Shirai, K., Singh-Manoux, A., & Livingston, G. (2023) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-023-00387-0 · Cited by 207
Understanding and Addressing Older Adults’ Loneliness: The Social Relationship Expectations Framework
Akhter‐Khan, S. C., Prina, M. A., Wong, G. H. Y., Mayston, R., & Li, L. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221127218 · Cited by 194
Self-citation
Association of loneliness with 10-year dementia risk and early markers of vulnerability for neurocognitive decline
Salinas, J., Beiser, A. S., Samra, J. K., O'Donnell, A., DeCarli, C. S., Gonzales, M. M., Aparicio, H. J., & Seshadri, S. (2022) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000200039 · Cited by 127
The impact of loneliness and social isolation on the development of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s Disease
Ren, Y. L., Savadlou, A., Park, S., Siska, P., Epp, J. R., & Sargin, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101061 · Cited by 137
COVID-19, loneliness, social isolation and risk of dementia in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relevant literature
Lazzari, C. G., & Rabottini, M. (2021) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2021.1959616 · Cited by 126
Depression and Dementia in Older Adults: A Neuropsychological Review
Tetsuka, S. (2021) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0526 · Cited by 120
Author Response: Associations of Social Isolation and Loneliness With Later Dementia
Shen, C., & Feng, J. (2022) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000201564 · Cited by 85
A meta-analysis of loneliness and risk of dementia using longitudinal data from >600,000 individuals
Luchetti, M., Aschwanden, D., Sesker, A. A., Zhu, X., O’Súilleabháin, P. S., Stéphan, Y., Terracciano, A., & Sutin, A. R. (2024) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00328-9 · Cited by 91
Emotionally focused therapy: Attachment, connection, and health
Greenman, P. S., & Johnson, S. M. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.06.015 · Cited by 99
Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Without Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Harrington, K., Vasan, S., Kang, J. E., Sliwinski, M. J., & Lim, M. H. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220832 · Cited by 80
Chronic loneliness and chronic social isolation among older adults. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Hajek, A., Sutin, A. R., Posi, G., Stéphan, Y., Peltzer, K., Terracciano, A., Luchetti, M., & König, H. (2024) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2024.2385448 · Cited by 80
Affective Neuroscience of Loneliness: Potential Mechanisms underlying the Association between Perceived Social Isolation, Health, and Well-Being
Finley, A. J., & Schaefer, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs.20220011 · Cited by 79
Different loneliness types, cognitive function, and brain structure in midlife: Findings from the Framingham Heart Study
Tao, Q., Akhter‐Khan, S. C., Ang, T. F. A., DeCarli, C. S., Alosco, M. L., Mez, J., Killiany, R., Devine, S., Rokach, A., Itchapurapu, I. S., et al. (2022) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101643 · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Cumulative loneliness and subsequent memory function and rate of decline among adults aged ≥50 in the United States, 1996 to 2016
Yu, X., Westrick, A. C., & Kobayashi, L. C. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12734 · Cited by 43
Analysis of changes in social isolation, loneliness, or both, and subsequent cognitive function among older adults: Findings from a nationwide cohort study
Huang, Q., Zhang, P., Shen, D., Gao, J., Li, Z., Lv, Y., Shi, X., & Mao, C. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14080 · Cited by 45
Association Between Types of Loneliness and Risks of Functional Disability in Older Men and Women: A Prospective Analysis
Qi, X., Belsky, D. W., Yang, Y. C., & Wu, B. (2023) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2023.02.046 · Cited by 41
Promise of Lifestyle Medicine for Heart Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cerebrovascular Diseases
Pikula, A., Gulati, M., Bonnet, J. P., Ibrahim, S., Chamoun, S., Freeman, A. M., & Reddy, K. R. (2024) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.11.005 · Cited by 39
Eight-Year Trajectories of Late-Life Loneliness and Incident Dementia: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study
Li, Y., Wang, X., Guo, L., Zhu, L., Shi, J., Wang, W., & Lu, C. (2022) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2022.12.002 · Cited by 35
Perceived social isolation is correlated with brain structure and cognitive trajectory in Alzheimer’s disease
Zhang, Y., Tatewaki, Y., Liu, Y., Tomita, N., Nagasaka, T., Muranaka, M., Yamamoto, S., Takano, Y., Nakase, T., Mutoh, T., et al. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00584-6 · Cited by 40
Considering hearing loss as a modifiable risk factor for dementia
Brewster, K., Deal, J. A., Lin, F. R., & Rutherford, B. R. (2022) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2022.2128769 · Cited by 34
Contributions of loneliness to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults are independent of other risk factors and Alzheimer’s pathology: a narrative review
Oken, B., Kaplan, J., Klee, D., & Gallegos, A. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1380002 · Cited by 39
Influencing factors of loneliness among older adults in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zuo, S., Lin, L., Chen, S., Wang, Z., Tian, L., Li, H., & Xu, Y. (2023) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12897 · Cited by 36
Loneliness Trajectories Predict Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Huang, Y., Zhu, X., Liu, X., & Li, J. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbae018 · Cited by 32
The effects of loneliness, social isolation, and associated gender differences on the risk of developing cognitive impairment for Chinese oldest old
Huang, Y., Zhu, X., Liu, X., & Li, J. (2022) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2022.2116396 · Cited by 32
Prevalence and associated factors of incident and persistent loneliness among middle-aged and older adults in Thailand
Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01115-4 · Cited by 34
Loneliness and mood disorders: consequence, cause and/or unholy alliance?
Giacco, D. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000832 · Cited by 28
Association of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index With Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Sun, J., Xie, Z., Wu, Y., Liu, X., Ma, J., Dong, Y., Liu, C., Ye, M., & Zhu, W. (2023) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2023.07.011 · Cited by 29
Associations Between Longitudinal Loneliness, DNA Methylation Age Acceleration, and Cognitive Functioning
Lynch, M. E., Arpawong, T. E., & Beam, C. R. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbad128 · Cited by 24
Default mode network dynamics: An integrated neurocircuitry perspective on social dysfunction in human brain disorders
Ronde, M., van der Zee, E. A., & Kas, M. J. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105839 · Cited by 27
Correlations between Dementia and Loneliness
Karska, J., Pszczołowska, M., Gładka, A., & Leszek, J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010271 · Cited by 26
Loneliness trajectories and chronic loneliness around the world
Sheftel, M. G., Margolis, R., & Verdery, A. M. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbae098 · Cited by 23
Examining the Combined Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness on Memory: A Systematic Review
Kang, J. W., & Oremus, M. (2022) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104801 · Cited by 28
Pet Ownership, Living Alone, and Cognitive Decline Among Adults 50 Years and Older
Li, Y., Wang, W., Zhu, L., Yang, L., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Guo, L., & Lu, C. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49241 · Cited by 21
The Long-Term Public Health Impact of Social Distancing on Brain Health: Topical Review
Kumar, A., & Salinas, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147307 · Cited by 24
Disability and loneliness in the United Kingdom: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of trends and transitions
Emerson, E., Stancliffe, R. J., Aitken, Z., Bailie, J., Bishop, G. M., Badland, H. M., Llewellyn, G. M., & Kavanagh, A. M. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17481-y · Cited by 24
Longitudinal associations of loneliness with mental ill-health, physical ill-health, lifestyle factors and mortality in ageing adults in Thailand
Pengpid, S., Peltzer, K., & Anantanasuwong, D. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05263-0 · Cited by 20
Short- and Medium-Term Effects of Ageism on Loneliness Experienced During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Shiovitz‐Ezra, S., Erlich, B., & Ayalon, L. (2023) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648231159372 · Cited by 18
Evaluation of Changes in Social Isolation and Loneliness with Incident Cardiovascular Events and Mortality
Chen, Y., Xue, H., Nie, Y., Zhou, Y., Ai, S., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., & Liang, Y. Y. (2024) · Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1007/s44197-024-00243-3 · Cited by 25
Relationship between Loneliness and Mild Behavioral Impairment: Validation of the Japanese Version of the MBI Checklist and a Cross-Sectional Study
Matsuoka, T., Ismail, Z., Imai, A., Shibata, K., Nakamura, K., Nishimura, Y., Rubinstein, E. B., Uchida, H., Mimura, M., & Narumoto, J. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230923 · Cited by 16
Trajectories of social isolation and loneliness and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus across genetic risk score
Chen, Y., Xue, H., Ai, S., Liu, Y., Nie, Y., Ai, Q. Y. H., Zhang, J., & Liang, Y. Y. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2024.101526 · Cited by 15
Changes in Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Social Support: A Gender‐Disaggregated Analysis of Their Associations With Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Htun, H. L., Teshale, A. B., Sun, H., Ryan, J. L., Owen, A. J., Woods, R. L., Shah, R. C., Chong, T. T. ‐., & Freak‐Poli, R. (2025) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.70065 · Cited by 16
Digging into the intrinsic capacity concept: Can it be applied to Alzheimer’s disease?
López‐Ortiz, S., Caruso, G., Emanuele, E., Menéndez, H., Peñín‐Grandes, S., Guerrera, C. S., Caraci, F., Nisticò, R., Lucía, A., Santos‐Lozano, A., et al. (2024) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102574 · Cited by 14
Exploring the differential impacts of social isolation, loneliness, and their combination on the memory of an aging population: A 6-year longitudinal study of the CLSA
Kang, J. W., Oremus, M., Dubin, J. A., Tyas, S. L., Omenka, C. O., & Golberg, M. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105483 · Cited by 14
Associations Among Loneliness, Purpose in Life and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Ethnoracially Diverse Older Adults Living in the United States
Pluim, C. F., Anzai, J. A. U., Martinez, J. E., Munera, D., Garza‐Naveda, A. P., Vila‐Castelar, C., Guzmán‐Vélez, E., Ramirez-Gomez, L. A., Bustin, J., Serrano, C. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648221139479 · Cited by 14
Prolonged loneliness and risk of incident cognitive decline and dementia: A two-cohort study
Ren, Z., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., Gao, J., Liu, J., & Zheng, X. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.001 · Cited by 12
Childhood Loneliness and Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Wang, J., Jiao, D., Zhao, X., Tian, Y., Li, H., Li, X., Sheng, C., Tao, L., Chen, H., Wu, Z., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31493 · Cited by 12
Social Isolation and Associated Factors in Chinese Adults With Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Zhong, R., Zhang, H., Chen, Q., Guo, X., Han, Y., & Lin, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.813698 · Cited by 11
Association of loneliness, social isolation, and daily cognitive function in Mexican older adults living in community during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Durón-Reyes, D. E., Mimenza-Alvarado, A. J., Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L., Suing-Ortega, M. J., Quiroz, Y. T., & Aguilar-Navarro, S. G. (2023) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.003 · Cited by 10
Loneliness as Risk Factor for Alzheimer´s disease
Ávila‐Villanueva, M., Gómez‐Ramírez, J., Ávila, J., & Fernández‐Blázquez, M. A. (2022) · Current Aging Science · doi:10.2174/1874609815666220304195049 · Cited by 11
Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living in Latin America: A Systematic Review
Camacho, D., Tella‐Vega, P., Wagner, F. A., Santamaría‐Ulloa, C., Lehning, A. J., Gallo, J. J., & García‐Peña, C. (2025) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103182 · Cited by 9
Neighbourhood residential density, urbanicity and incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A 12-year prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank
Lai, K. Y., Kumari, S., Webster, C. J., Gallacher, J., & Sarkar, C. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.115627 · Cited by 9
The effects of loneliness and social isolation on cognitive impairment-free life expectancy in older adults
Li, S., Zhang, M., Han, D., Wu, Y., Zhao, J., Liao, H., Ma, Y., Yan, C., & Wang, J. (2023) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2023.2191926 · Cited by 11
Beneficial Effect of Societal Factors on APOE-ε2 and ε4 Carriers’ Brain Health: A Systematic Review
Aravena, J. M., Lee, J., Schwartz, A. E., Nyhan, K., Wang, S., & Levy, B. R. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad237 · Cited by 9
Association of Loneliness with Functional Connectivity MRI, Amyloid-β PET, and Tau PET Neuroimaging Markers of Vulnerability for Alzheimer’s Disease
Zhao, A. J., Balcer, L. J., Himali, J. J., O’Donnell, A., Rahimpour, Y., DeCarli, C. S., Gonzales, M. M., Aparicio, H. J., Ramos‐Cejudo, J., Kenney, R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-231425 · Cited by 10
Do middle-aged and older people underreport loneliness? experimental evidence from the Netherlands
van den Broek, T., Lam, J., & Potente, C. (2024) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-024-00826-w · Cited by 9
Unpaid productive activities and loneliness in later life: Results from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (2000–2014)
Akhter‐Khan, S. C., Chua, K., Kindhi, B. A., Mayston, R., & Prina, M. A. (2022) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104851 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Dementia care and prevention in community settings: a built environment framework for cognitive health promotion
Gan, D. R. Y., Mann, J., & Chaudhury, H. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000917 · Cited by 9
Validation of the Optimal University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Cutoff Score in Screening for the Prevention of Disability Occurrence Among Older Japanese Adults
Tomida, K., Shimoda, T., Nakajima, C., Kawakami, A., & Shimada, H. (2024) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.6137 · Cited by 8
Association of Loneliness with Functional and Cognitive Status in Minor and Major Neurocognitive Disorders
Moretti, M. C., Bonfitto, I., Nieddu, L., Leccisotti, I., Dimalta, S., Moniello, G., Lozupone, M., Bellomo, A., Panza, F., Avolio, C., et al. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14101216 · Cited by 8
Combined effects of loneliness and diabetes mellitus on disability incidence among older Japanese adults
Shimoda, T., Tomida, K., Nakajima, C., Kawakami, A., & Shimada, H. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105544 · Cited by 7
A Genetically Informed Longitudinal Study of Loneliness and Dementia Risk in Older Adults
Kim, A. J., Gold, A. I., Fenton, L. E., Pilgrim, M. J. D., Lynch, M. E., Climer, C. R., Penichet, E. N., Kam, A., & Beam, C. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.661474 · Cited by 7
The longitudinal association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with transient and chronic loneliness among older adults
Simkin, V., Poole, L., & Smith, K. J. (2025) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2025.2491020 · Cited by 6
Relationship between TyG trajectories and Alzheimer’s disease: data from the Framingham Heart Study
Guan, C. K., Gu, Z., Sun, J., Zhu, W., & Ye, M. (2025) · Revista Clínica Española (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rceng.2025.502331 · Cited by 6
Predictors of loneliness onset and maintenance in European older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Lundmark, V. P., Josefsson, M., & Rieckmann, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1172552 · Cited by 6
Loneliness among Older People Exacerbated by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Aalto, U. L., & Bonin‐Guillaume, S. (2023) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-023-1968-z · Cited by 5
Public Health Strategies and Community Resources to Address Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults
Burnett, J., & Beauchamp, J. E. S. (2025) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2025.05.001 · Cited by 5
Impacts of loneliness and social isolation on healthy longevity in older adults
Liang, C., Chu, C., & Chen, L. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003289012-4 · Cited by 6
The combined impact of social networks and connectedness on anxiety, stress, and depression during COVID-19 quarantine: a retrospective observational study
Luo, H., Luo, D., Tang, Q., Niu, Z., Xu, J., & Li, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1298693 · Cited by 5
Prevalence and risk factors for loneliness among individuals with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wicaksana, A. L., Apriliyasari, R. W., & Tsai, P. (2025) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-025-02850-y · Cited by 7
“Loneliness is a sad disease”: oldest old adults’ empirical definition of loneliness and social isolation from a mixed-method study in Northern Italy
Santini, S., Colombo, M. M., Guaita, A., Fabbietti, P., & Casanova, G. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-05678-2 · Cited by 8
Integrating Lifestyle Factor Science into Neuropsychological Practice: A National Academy of Neuropsychology Education Paper
Randolph, J. J., Lacritz, L. H., Colvin, M. K., Espe‐Pfeifer, P., Carter, K. R., Arnett, P. A., Fox‐Fuller, J. T., Aduen, P. A., Cullum, C. M., & Sperling, S. A. (2023) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acad078 · Cited by 4
Associations between mid‐life social relationships and the risk of incident dementia: The ARIC study
Groechel, R. C., Liu, A. C., Lutsey, P. L., Palta, P., Kucharska‐Newton, A., Koton, S., Sharrett, A. R., Gross, A. L., Walker, K. A., & Gottesman, R. F. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70365 · Cited by 3
Future Directions in Addressing Loneliness Among Older Adults
Cruwys, T. (2023) · Advances in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsc.2023.03.008 · Cited by 6
The Relationship Between Suboptimal Social Networks and Postoperative Delirium: The PNDABLE Study
Tang, X., Yv, H., Fei, W., Wang, J., Liu, S., Wu, X., Dong, R., Lin, X., Wang, B., & Bi, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.851368 · Cited by 5
Loneliness, Dementia Status, and Their Association with All-Cause Mortality Among Older US Adults
Georgescu, M. F., Beydoun, M. A., Ashe, J. J., Vieytes, C. A. M., Beydoun, H. A., Evans, M. K., & Zonderman, A. B. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-231359 · Cited by 4
Associations of loneliness and depression with increased risks of incident dementia: A prospective study from three older adult cohorts
Wang, L., Ma, J., Liu, N., Ma, L., Pei, H., He, S., & Li, H. (2025) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100653 · Cited by 3
Loneliness as an Interface Between Alzheimer's Disease and Suicidal Behaviour: A Systematic Review, Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Analytic Factor Analysis
Rodrigues, J. F. R., Rodrigues, L. P., Teshima, T., Yang, S., Wu, Y., Hu, X., Abarca, G. I. F., da Cruz, K. C. T., Serna-Rodríguez, M. F., Rubatino, F. V. M., et al. (2026) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.70165 · Cited by 3
Loneliness and cognitive aging: a brain-heart axis perspective on a modifiable risk
Warren, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2026.1856056 · Cited by 3
Investigating relationships between loneliness, social isolation and health
Hilliard, D. D., Wootton, R. E., Sallis, H., van de Weijer, M. P., Treur, J. L., Qualter, P., Dixon, P., Sanderson, E. C. M., Carslake, D., Richmond, R. C., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74758-7 · Cited by 8
The Effect of Temporal Persistence of Loneliness on Dementia: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Hunter Community Study
Khaing, K., Dolja‐Gore, X., Nair, B., Byles, J., & Attia, J. (2024) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.6132 · Cited by 4
Social isolation increases impulsive choice with minor changes on metabolic function in middle‐aged rats
Venegas, J. J., Weisz, J. M., Choi, C. Y., Herringshaw, R. E., Nabelsi, O. A., & Liang, N. (2025) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.70184 · Cited by 2
The Oxytocin Puzzle: Unlocking Alzheimer’s Disease
Sellés, M. C., & Oliveira, M. M. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-231127 · Cited by 3
Using Art and Technology to Reduce Loneliness and Bridge the Age Divide: A Qualitative Study
Lokon, E., Mehrotra, V., Murali, S., & Oakman, R. (2024) · Journal of Intergenerational Relationships · doi:10.1080/15350770.2024.2307983 · Cited by 2
Temporal trends in mental health terminology in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials
Golrokhian‐Sani, A., Morcos, M., Philippi, A., Al-Rawi, R., Morcos, M., & Fu, R. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310264 · Cited by 2
Social isolation, loneliness and all-cause dementia: a longitudinal and imaging-genetic study in the UK Biobank cohortPreprint
Shen, C., Sahakian, B. J., Cheng, W., Kang, J., Dong, G., Xie, C., Zhao, X., & Feng, J. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.06.30.21259818 · Cited by 2
Social Connectedness and Cognitive Decline: A Multidimensional Analysis Across Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Italian AdultsPreprint
Scaramuzzi, G. F., Manippa, V., Cornacchia, E., Gasparre, D., Bonvino, A., & Taurisano, P. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8808459/v1 · Cited by 2
Loneliness, social isolation, depression and cognitive functions in older adults
Kawada, T. (2023) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.13065 · Cited by 1
Associations of Eating Out and Dietary Diversity with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Kiuchi, Y., Makizako, H., Nakai, Y., Taniguchi, Y., Akaida, S., Tateishi, M., Kimura, M., Takenaka, T., Kubozono, T., Tsutsumimoto, K., et al. (2024) · Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research · doi:10.4235/agmr.23.0218 · Cited by 1
THE MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LONELINESS AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN OLD AGE (literature review)
Лебедев, Д. Т., Rukavishnikov, A. S., Лупашко, Е. В., Хохлюк, Е. В., & Сагинбаев, У. Р. (2024) · Успехи геронтологии · doi:10.34922/ae.2024.37.1-2.017 · Cited by 2
Perceptions of a ‘Pelvic-Floor Friendly’ Group Exercise Class in Women with Urinary Incontinence
Gard, A. J. M., & Lavallee, D. E. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15052705 · Cited by 1
Lost in Thought or Just Lonely? Everyday Cognitive Competence in Middle Adulthood
Juras, L., Martinčević, M., & Vranić, A. (2025) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe15040058 · Cited by 2
Cumulative loneliness and memory function among U.S. older adults: the role of depressive symptoms
Yu, X., Hazzouri, A. Z. A., Cho, T., Zahodne, L. B., Gross, A. L., Needham, B. L., Langa, K. M., & Kobayashi, L. C. (2025) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaf143 · Cited by 1
Loneliness trajectories and dementia risk: Insights from the HUNT cohort study
Aunsmo, R. H., Strand, B. H., Bergh, S., Hansen, T., Mika Kivimaki, B., Köhler, S., Krokstad, S., Langballe, E. M., Livingston, G., Matthews, F. E., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.70154 · Cited by 1
Loneliness: An Existential and Public Health Issue
Rokach, A., & Berman, D. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22101544 · Cited by 1
Estimating the effects of hypothetical loneliness interventions on memory function among middle-aged and older adults in the United States
Ikesu, R., Wu, Y. Y., Rojas‐Saunero, L. P., Nianogo, R. A., Torres, J. M., Kotwal, A., Ramirez, C. M., Tsugawa, Y., & Mayeda, E. R. (2026) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwag044 · Cited by 1
The association between loneliness, cognition, and dementia among US older adults
Chek, C. J. W., Sultana, S., Knauft, K. M., & Tarraf, W. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261432202 · Cited by 1
Psychological Correlates of Self-Rated Resilience in the Context of Subjective Cognitive Concerns in Older Adults.
Donders, J., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acad033 · Cited by 1
Loneliness Modulates Inflammation to Affect the Neurocognitive Function of Older Adults
Jin, R. R., Chan, A. K. Y., & Lee, T. M. C. (2024) · Integrated science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73061-0_14 · Cited by 1

Authors: Akhter‐Khan, S. C., Tao, Q., Ang, T. F. A., Itchapurapu, I. S., Alosco, M. L., Mez, J., Piers, R. J., Steffens, D. C., Au, R., & Qiu, W. Q.
Affiliations: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
Framingham Heart Study (US)
Boston University (US)
Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics
University of Connecticut (US)
Corresponding author: Qiu, Wei Qiao
ORCID: Akhter‐Khan, Samia C.
Tao, Qiushan
Ang, Ting Fang Alvin
Itchapurapu, Indira Swetha
Alosco, Michael L.
Mez, Jesse
Steffens, David C.
Au, Rhoda
Qiu, Wei Qiao
Venue: Alzheimer's & Dementia
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2021-03-24
Volume: 17
Issue: 10
Pages: 1619-1627
ISSN: 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
1552-5279
DOI: 10.1002/alz.12327
PMC: PMC8460688
OpenAlex: W3137696920
Cited by: 126
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 6
FWCI: 15.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1)
National Institute on Aging (K24AG050842, K23AG022476, R01AG049899, P30AG013846, R01AG059424, P30AG072978)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-025195)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS017950)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Keywords: loneliness
MeSH terms: Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Risk Factors, Healthy Volunteers

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks