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Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: The relationship between persistent loneliness and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. We examined the relationship between different types of mid‐life loneliness and the development of dementia and AD. Methods: Loneliness was assessed in cognitively normal adults using one item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We defined loneliness as no loneliness, transient loneliness, incident loneliness,or persistent loneliness, and applied Cox regression models and Kaplan‐Meier plots with dementia and AD as outcomes (n = 2880). Results: After adjusting for demographics, social network, physical health, and apolipoprotein E ε4, persistent loneliness was associated with higher (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–2.90; P < .01), and transient loneliness with lower (HR, 0.34; 95% CI 0.14–0.84; P < .05), risk of dementia onset, compared to no loneliness. Results were similar for AD risk. Discussion: Persistent loneliness in mid‐life is an independent risk factor for dementia and AD, whereas recovery from loneliness suggests resilience to dementia risk.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Akhter‐Khan, S. C., Tao, Q., Ang, T. F. A., Itchapurapu, I. S., Alosco, M. L., Mez, J., Piers, R. J., Steffens, D. C., Au, R., & Qiu, W. Q.
- Affiliations
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Framingham Heart Study (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Qiu, Wei Qiao
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-24
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1619-1627
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC8460688
- OpenAlex
- W3137696920
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 15.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1)
- National Institute on Aging (K24AG050842, K23AG022476, R01AG049899, P30AG013846, R01AG059424, P30AG072978)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-025195)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS017950)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- loneliness
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Risk Factors, Healthy Volunteers
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