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Imaging hippocampal function across the human life span: Is memory decline normal or not?
Open accessAbstract
Memory function commonly declines in later life. Whether memory decline represents a disease process or whether it is part of normal aging remains unknown. Here we answer this question by assessing the function of multiple subregions that make up the hippocampal circuit across the human life span. A newly developed MRI approach—designed to detect functional changes in individual hippocampal subregions—was used to assess the hippocampal circuit in 70 subjects between 20 and 88 years of age. Using strict parametric criteria, analysis revealed that function in two hippocampal subregions—the subiculum and the dentate gyrus—decline normally with age. In contrast, function in the entorhinal cortex declines pathologically. Single‐subject analysis revealed that hippocampal dysfunction, found in 60% of elders was selectively correlated with memory decline. These results show that memory decline is caused by different mechanisms and suggests how memory decline should be approached clinically.
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“Normal ageing is associated with reduced metabolic activity in the subiculum and the dentate gyrus, whereas reduced activity in the entorhinal cortex may be an early indicator of Alzheimer’s disease (14).”
From Neural mechanisms of ageing and cognitive decline (2010) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Small, S. A., Tsai, W. Y., DeLaPaz, R., Mayeux, R., & Stern, Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Small, Scott A.
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-02-28
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 290-295
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2107406220
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG08702, AG 00949, P50AG008702)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- hippocampal function, memory decline, normal aging, hippocampal subfields, subiculum, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal circuitry
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Entorhinal Cortex, Dentate Gyrus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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