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GABA, ?-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease

Ting Wong, C. Guin, Bottiglieri, Teodoro, Snead, O. Carter·2003·Annals of Neurology
DOI 10.1002/ana.10696
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Abstract

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABA is converted from glutamic acid by the action of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) of which two isoforms exist GAD65 and GAD67. GABA then is broken down, both within the cell and in the synaptic cleft by GABA transaminase to form succinic semialdehyde. In turn, succinic semialdehyde is converted either to succinic acid by succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase or into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) by succinic semialdehyde reductase. Because GABA modulates the majority of inhibition that is ongoing in the brain, perturbations in GABAergic inhibition have the potential to result in seizures. Therefore, the most common disorder in which GABA is targeted as a treatment is epilepsy. However, other disorders such as psychiatric disease, spasticity, and stiff-person syndrome all have been related to disorders of GABAergic function in the brain. This review covers the roles of GABAergic neurotransmission in epilepsy, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, stiff-person syndrome, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. In the final section of this review, the GABA metabolite GHB is discussed in terms of its physiological significance and its role in epilepsy, sleep disorders, drug and alcohol addiction, and an inborn error of GABA metabolism, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.

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Metadata

Authors
Ting Wong, C. G., Bottiglieri, T., & Snead, O. C.
Venue
Annals of Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003
Volume
54
Issue
S6
Pages
S3-S12
ISSN
  • 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-8249
DOI
10.1002/ana.10696
OpenAlex
W2079475128
Cited by
488
References
6
FWCI
4.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 4626 d)

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Ting Wong, C. G., Bottiglieri, T., & Snead, O. C. (2003). GABA, ?-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease. Annals of Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10696

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