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Periodic paralysis and the sodium‐potassium pump
Abstract
Analysis of the pathophysiology of hypokalemic paralysis, as it occurs in barium poisoning, chronic potassium deficiency, and thyrotoxicosis, suggests that these disorders may have a similar mechanism. An increased ratio of muscle sodium permeability to potassium permeability reduces the ionic diffusion potential, while the resting membrane potential is sustained by an increase of Na‐K pump electrogenesis. The result is that potassium entry (the sum of active and passive influx) exceeds potassium efflux; this causes a large shift of extracellular potassium into muscle until the Na‐K pump turns off, leading to depolarization and paralysis. The primary defect in familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis, as in the example of barium poisoning, may be a marked reduction of muscle permeability to potassium.
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“Catecholamine can also increase Na+/K+-ATPase activity in skeletal muscle [8].”
From Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis: Clinical Challenges (2014) · cites this paper as [8]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Layzer, R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Layzer, Robert B.
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1982-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 547-552
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2133203459
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Potassium and Related Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Keywords
- periodic paralysis, hypokalemic paralysis, Na+/K+-ATPase, barium poisoning, thyrotoxicosis, resting membrane potential, depolarization, potassium shift, familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anura, Barium, Chronic Disease, Dogs, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Ion Channels, Paralysis, Periodicity, Potassium Deficiency, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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