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Cited by 130Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ResearchSperm and Testicular FunctionReproductive Biology and Fertility

Gonad evaluation in male systemic lupus erythematosus

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Soares, Pollyana Maria F., Borba, Eduardo Ferreira, Bonfa, Eloisa, Hallak, Jorge, Corrêa, André Luiz, Silva, Clovis Artur A.·2007·Arthritis & Rheumatism
DOI 10.1002/art.22660
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Abstract

Objective: To assess gonad function in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Thirty‐five consecutive male patients with SLE according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology were prospectively evaluated for demographic and clinical features as well as previous and current treatment. Patients underwent urologic evaluation and testicular Doppler ultrasound. We obtained a hormone profile and performed a semen analysis including morphology and testing for the presence of antisperm antibodies. Patients were compared with 35 age‐matched healthy controls. Results: Compared with controls, SLE patients had lower median testicular volumes in both testes, a lower median total sperm count, and a lower median total motile sperm count. The mean sperm volume and percentage of normally formed sperm were lower in SLE patients than in controls. Since all SLE patients had semen alterations, they were further subdivided into 2 groups according to the severity of these abnormalities (group 1, with teratozoospermia [n = 18], and group 2, with azoospermia or teratozoospermia in combination with oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia [n = 17]). The frequency of treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide (IV CYC) after the first ejaculation was higher in group 2 than in group 1. The median testicular volumes measured by ultrasound in both testicles were lower in group 2 than in group 1. Follicle‐stimulating hormone levels were higher in group 2 than in group 1. The overall frequency of antisperm antibodies in SLE patients was 40%. The apparent higher frequency of antisperm antibodies in group 1 than in group 2 did not reach significance. Conclusion: SLE patients have a high frequency of sperm abnormalities associated with reduced testicular volume. Postpubertal IV CYC treatment was the major factor in potential permanent damage to the testes.

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  • Chronic inflammatory diseases can lead to loss of reproduction potential because affected individuals are at strong disadvantage in competition for food, social status, and sexual partners, and intense inflammation can inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

    “Chronic inflammatory diseases can lead to loss of reproduction potential because affected individuals are at strong disadvantage. Such individuals can be excluded or impaired in the competition for food; they can also have low social status in the group and limited choice or availability of sexual partners.”

    From Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state—known and new concepts in pathophysiology (2012) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors
Soares, P. M. F., Borba, E. F., Bonfa, E., Hallak, J., Corrêa, A. L., & Silva, C. A. A.
Affiliations
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
ORCID
Venue
Arthritis & Rheumatism
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2007-06-28
Volume
56
Issue
7
Pages
2352-2361
ISSN
  • 0004-3591 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-0131
DOI
10.1002/art.22660
OpenAlex
W2031862115
Cited by
130
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
FWCI
4.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Arthritis & Rheumatism (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Keywords
systemic lupus erythematosus, male infertility, male reproductive function, testicular volume, sperm abnormalities, teratozoospermia, azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, antisperm antibodies, intravenous cyclophosphamide, follicle-stimulating hormone
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Autoantibodies, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Sperm Count, Sperm Motility, Spermatozoa, Testis, Ultrasonography

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