Cited by 128Bone health and osteoporosis researchBone Metabolism and DiseasesBone health and treatments

Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in mice can be reversed by the actions of parathyroid hormone and risedronate on different pathways for bone formation and mineralization

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Yao, Wei, Cheng, Zhiqiang, Pham, Aaron, Busse, Cheryl, Zimmermann, Elizabeth A., Ritchie, Robert O., Lane, Nancy E.·2008·Arthritis & Rheumatism

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoid excess decreases bone mineralization and microarchitecture and leads to reduced bone strength. Both anabolic (parathyroid hormone [PTH]) and antiresorptive agents are used to prevent and treat glucocorticoid-induced bone loss, yet these bone-active agents alter bone turnover by very different mechanisms. This study was undertaken to determine how PTH and risedronate alter bone quality following glucocorticoid excess. METHODS: Five-month-old male Swiss-Webster mice were treated with the glucocorticoid prednisolone (5 mg/kg in a 60-day slow-release pellet) or placebo. From day 28 to day 56, 2 groups of glucocorticoid-treated animals received either PTH (5 microg/kg) or risedronate (5 microg/kg) 5 times per week. Bone quality and quantity were measured using x-ray tomography for the degree of bone mineralization, microfocal computed tomography for bone microarchitecture, compression testing for trabecular bone strength, and biochemistry and histomorphometry for bone turnover. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed to monitor the expression of several key genes regulating Wnt signaling (bone formation) and mineralization. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, glucocorticoid treatment decreased trabecular bone volume (bone volume/total volume [BV/TV]) and serum osteocalcin, but increased serum CTX and osteoclast surface, with a peak at day 28. Glucocorticoids plus PTH increased BV/TV, and glucocorticoids plus risedronate restored BV/TV to placebo levels after 28 days. The average degree of bone mineralization was decreased after glucocorticoid treatment (-27%), but was restored to placebo levels after treatment with glucocorticoids plus risedronate or glucocorticoids plus PTH. On day 56, RT-PCR revealed that expression of genes that inhibit bone mineralization (Dmp1 and Phex) was increased by continuous exposure to glucocorticoids and glucocorticoids plus PTH and decreased by glucocorticoids plus risedronate, compared with placebo. Wnt signaling antagonists Dkk-1, Sost, and Wif1 were up-regulated by glucocorticoid treatment but down-regulated after glucocorticoid plus PTH treatment. Immunohistochemistry of bone sections showed that glucocorticoids increased N-terminal Dmp-1 staining while PTH treatment increased both N- and C-terminal Dmp-1 staining around osteocytes. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that both PTH and risedronate improve bone mass, degree of bone mineralization, and bone strength in glucocorticoid-treated mice, and that PTH increases bone formation while risedronate reverses the deterioration of bone mineralization.

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  • Glucocorticoids potently suppress osteoblast activities and adversely affect bone mineralization.

    “As GCs potently suppress osteoblast activities and adversely affect bone mineralization [41, 46]”
  • Compared to other studies on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis that used skeletal matured mice, glucocorticoid excess in young growing mice has more profound inhibition on periosteal expansion with similar degree of trabecular bone loss.

    “Compared to the other studies that we and others have published on GIOP that used skeletal matured mice, we found GC excess in the young growing have more profound inhibition on periosteal expansion with similar degree of trabecular bone loss [35, 41].”

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Authors
Yao, W., Cheng, Z., Pham, A., Busse, C., Zimmermann, E. A., Ritchie, R. O., & Lane, N. E.
Affiliations
  • University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
Venue
Arthritis & Rheumatism
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-10-30
Volume
58
Issue
11
Pages
3485-3497
ISSN
  • 0004-3591 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-0131
OpenAlex
W2084395631
Cited by
128
References
74
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
FWCI
12.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Arthritis & Rheumatism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR043052, K24AR048841)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-051958-02, K12HD051958)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Bone health and treatments
Keywords
prednisolone, parathyroid hormone, risedronate, bone mineralization, bone microarchitecture, trabecular bone volume, Wnt signaling, DMP1, PHEX, DKK1, sclerostin, WIF1, bone formation, bone turnover, osteoclasts, osteocalcin, antiresorptive therapy
MeSH terms
Risedronic Acid, Animals, Calcification, Physiologic, Glucocorticoids, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Osteogenesis, Parathyroid Hormone, Prednisolone, Etidronic Acid, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Osteocalcin, Gene Expression, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Wnt Proteins, Mice

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