Exploring the relationship between cortical GABA concentrations, auditory gamma‐band responses and development in ASD: Evidence for an altered maturational trajectory in ASD
Open accessAbstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is hypothesized to arise from imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission (E/I imbalance). Studies have demonstrated E/I imbalance in individuals with ASD and also corresponding rodent models. One neural process thought to be reliant on E/I balance is gamma‐band activity (Gamma), with support arising from observed correlations between motor, as well as visual, Gamma and underlying GABA concentrations in healthy adults. Additionally, decreased Gamma has been observed in ASD individuals and relevant animal models, though the direct relationship between Gamma and GABA concentrations in ASD remains unexplored. This study combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) and edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 27 typically developing individuals (TD) and 30 individuals with ASD. Auditory cortex localized phase‐locked Gamma was compared to resting Superior Temporal Gyrus relative cortical GABA concentrations for both children/adolescents and adults. Children/adolescents with ASD exhibited significantly decreased GABA+/Creatine (Cr) levels, though typical Gamma. Additionally, these children/adolescents lacked the typical maturation of GABA+/Cr concentrations and gamma‐band coherence. Furthermore, children/adolescents with ASD additionally failed to exhibit the typical GABA+/Cr to gamma‐band coherence association. This altered coupling during childhood/adolescence may result in Gamma decreases observed in the adults with ASD. Therefore, individuals with ASD exhibit improper local neuronal circuitry maturation during a childhood/adolescence critical period, when GABA is involved in configuring of such circuit functioning. Provocatively a novel line of treatment is suggested (with a critical time window); by increasing neural GABA levels in children/adolescents with ASD, proper local circuitry maturation may be restored resulting in typical Gamma in adulthood. Autism Res 2017, 10: 593–607. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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E/I balance is important for cortical gamma-band activity, which is generated through connections between GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and excitatory pyramidal cells.
“This E/I balance seems to be very important for cortical gamma-band activity, given that gamma waves are generated through connections between GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and excitatory pyramidal cells (Stefano et al. 2019; Port et al. 2017).”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Port et al. 2017
The Discussion says the gamma-band response is critically reliant on excitatory/inhibitory balance, supporting the first part of the claim. It does not specify that gamma waves are generated through connections between GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and excitatory pyramidal cells. No page numbers are provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredProper development of the central nervous system requires a fine balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission.
“Proper development of the central nervous system requires a fine balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission.”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Port et al. 2017
The Discussion (page unavailable) links healthy GABA levels to proper maturation of local circuits and describes E/I imbalance during critical periods as a hypothesis for improper circuit development in ASD. That supports the importance of E/I balance in the developmental context studied, but not the unqualified claim that proper development of the entire central nervous system requires it. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn ASD, the gamma-band coherence association typically seen in neurotypical subjects is absent.
“Decreased GABA1/Creatine levels were found in children/adolescents with ASD, without the gamma-band coherence association typically seen in neurotypical subjects (Port et al. 2017).”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Port et al. 2017
Decreased GABA1/Creatine levels are found in children/adolescents with ASD.
“Decreased GABA1/Creatine levels were found in children/adolescents with ASD, without the gamma-band coherence association typically seen in neurotypical subjects (Port et al. 2017).”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder and auditory sensory alterations: a systematic review on the integrity of cognitive and neuronal functions related to auditory processing (2023) · cites this paper as Port et al. 2017
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Additional file 1 of Prediction learning in adults with autism and its molecular correlates
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Additional file 1 of Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review
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Altered Aperiodic EEG Activity in Adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1Preprint
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Effects of Cannabidiol on Auditory Mismatch Negativity in Autistic ChildrenPreprint
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- Authors
- Port, R. G., Gaetz, W., Bloy, L., Wang, D., Blaskey, L., Kuschner, E. S., Levy, S. E., Brodkin, E. S., & Roberts, T. P. L.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roberts, Timothy P.L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Autism Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 593-607
- ISSN
- 1939-3792 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-3806
- PMC
- PMC5376374
- OpenAlex
- W2528003976
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 6.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Autism Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC – U54 HD086984)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (UL1RR024134)
- National Center for Research Resources (NIH‐R01DC008871)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, GABA, gamma oscillations, excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus, gamma-band coherence, brain maturation, critical period, children and adolescents, MEG
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Auditory Cortex, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Reference Values, Temporal Lobe, Magnetoencephalography, Young Adult, Gamma Rhythm
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