The role of interneurons in autism and Tourette Syndrome
Open accessAbstract
The brain includes multiple types of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons that together allow us to move, think, feel, and interact with the environment. Inhibitory interneurons (INs) comprise a small, heterogeneous fraction, but they exert a powerful and tight control over neuronal activity and consequently modulate the magnitude of neuronal output and, ultimately, information processing. IN abnormalities are linked to two pediatric psychiatric disorders with high comorbidity: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). Studies probing the basis of this link have been contradictory regarding whether the causative mechanism is a reduction in number, dysfunction, or gene aberrant expression (or a combination thereof). Here, we integrate different theories into a more comprehensive view of INs as responsible for the symptomatology observed in these disorders.
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Across the neurodevelopmental triad, involvement of fronto-striatal circuitry is implicated in the expression of respective symptomology.
“Interestingly, across this neurodevelopmental triad, involvement of fronto-striatal circuitry is implicated in the expression of respective symptomology (25, 26).”
From Joint Hypermobility Links Neurodivergence to Dysautonomia and Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
The Pathophysiology section says cortico-striatal abnormalities are common in autism spectrum disorder and Tourette syndrome, supporting circuit involvement in those two conditions. The paper does not address the full three-condition “neurodevelopmental triad,” so it cannot support the claim across all three. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Rapanelli, M., Frick, L. R., & Pittenger, C.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rapanelli, Maximiliano
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 397-407
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5528854
- OpenAlex
- W2620906303
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001863)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH091861)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- inhibitory interneurons, autism spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, inhibitory control, comorbidities, child psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Tourette Syndrome, Humans, Interneurons, Neural Pathways
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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