GABA estimation in the brains of children on the autism spectrum: measurement precision and regional cortical variation
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(1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) and spectral editing methods, such as MEGA-PRESS, allow researchers to investigate metabolite and neurotransmitter concentrations in-vivo. Here we address the utilization of (1)H MRS for the investigation of GABA concentrations in the ASD brain, in three locations; motor, visual and auditory areas. An initial repeatability study (5 subjects, 5 repeated measures separated by ~5days on average) indicated no significant effect of reference metabolite choice on GABA quantitation (p>0.6). Coefficients of variation for GABA+/NAA, GABA+/Cr and GABA+/Glx were all of the order of 9-11%. Based on these findings, we investigated creatine-normalized GABA+ ratios (GABA+/Cr) in a group of (N=17) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and (N=17) typically developing children (TD) for Motor, Auditory and Visual regions of interest (ROIs). Linear regression analysis of gray matter (GM) volume changes (known to occur with development) revealed a significant decrease of GM volume with Age for Motor (F(1,30)=17.92; p<0.001) and Visual F(1,16)=14.41; p<0.005 but not the Auditory ROI (p=0.55). Inspection of GABA+/Cr changes with Age revealed a marginally significant change for the Motor ROI only (F(1,30)=4.11; p=0.054). Subsequent analyses were thus conducted for each ROI separately using Age and GM volume as covariates. No group differences in GABA+/Cr were observed for the Visual ROI between TD vs. ASD children. However, the Motor and Auditory ROI showed significantly reduced GABA+/Cr in ASD (Motor p<0.05; Auditory p<0.01). The mean deficiency in GABA+/Cr from the Motor ROI was approximately 11% and Auditory ROI was approximately 22%. Our novel findings support the model of regional differences in GABA+/Cr in the ASD brain, primarily in Auditory and to a lesser extent Motor but not Visual areas.
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MRS studies in children with autism spectrum disorder have found reduced GABA levels in auditory and motor cortex.
“These MRS studies in children with ASD have found reduced GABA (the major inhibitory neurotransmitter) levels in auditory and motor cortex (Gaetz et al., 2014)”
From Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Gaetz et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Gaetz, W., Bloy, L., Wang, D. J., Port, R. G., Blaskey, L., Levy, S. E., & Roberts, T. P. L.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gaetz, W.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 86
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3883951
- OpenAlex
- W1973419361
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (R01DC008871, P30HD026979)
- Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation (NLMFF)
- Pennsylvania Department of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- GABA, autism spectrum disorder, children, motor cortex, auditory cortex, visual cortex, gray matter volume, age-related development, measurement precision, MEGA-PRESS, 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tissue Distribution, Reproducibility of Results, Neurotransmitter Agents
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