Enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose into fermentable sugars: challenges and opportunities
Abstract
The economic dependency on fossil fuels and the resulting effects on climate and environment have put tremendous focus on utilizing fermentable sugars from lignocellulose, the largest known renewable carbohydrate source. The fermentable sugars in lignocellulose are derived from cellulose and hemicelluloses but these are not readily accessible to enzymatic hydrolysis and require a pretreatment, which causes an extensive modification of the lignocellulosic structure. A number of pretreatment technologies are under development and being tested in pilot scale. Hydrolysis of lignocellulose carbohydrates into fermentable sugars requires a number of different cellulases and hemicellulases. The hydrolysis of cellulose is a sequential breakdown of the linear glucose chains, whereas hemicellulases must be capable of hydrolysing branched chains containing different sugars and functional groups. The technology for pretreatment and hydrolysis has been developed to an extent that is close to a commercially viable level. It has become possible to process lignocellulose at high substrate levels and the enzyme performance has been improved. Also the cost of enzymes has been reduced. Still a number of technical and scientific issues within pretreatment and hydrolysis remain to be solved. However, significant improvements in yield and cost reductions are expected, thus making large‐scale fermentation of lignocellulosic substrates possible. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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Saccharification can be catalysed by chemicals or enzymes; enzymes are usually preferred due to their higher selectivity.
“The saccharification can be catalysed by chemicals 41 or enzymes; enzymes are usually preferred due to their higher selectivity.17”
From Deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Jørgensen, H., Kristensen, J. B., & Felby, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Jørgensen, Henning
- Venue
- Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-06-27
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 119-134
- ISSN
- 1932-1031 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-104X
- OpenAlex
- W2165194260
- Cited by
- 1,143
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 93 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 97 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 23.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Keywords
- lignocellulosic biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentable sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, cellulase, hemicellulase, biofuels, biorefinery, enzyme cost reduction, lignocellulosic fermentation
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