The treatment of chronic depression with cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized‐controlled clinical trials
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Background: Chronic depression is a severe and disabling condition. Compared to an episodic course, chronic depression has been shown to be less responsive to psychopharmacological and psychological treatments. The cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy ( CBASP ) has been developed as a specific psychotherapy for chronic depression. However, conflicting results concerning its efficacy have been reported in randomized‐controlled trials ( RCT ). Therefore, we aimed at examining the efficacy of CBASP using meta‐analytical methods. Methods: Randomized‐controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CBASP in chronic depression were identified by searching electronic databases (Psyc INFO , PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and by manual searches (citation search, contacting experts). Searching period was restricted from the first available entry to October 2015. Identified studies were systematically reviewed. The standardized mean difference Hedges' g was calculated from posttreatment and mean change scores. The random‐effects model was used to compute combined overall effect sizes. A risk of publication bias was addressed using fail‐safe N calculations and trim‐and‐fill analysis. Results: Six studies comprising 1.510 patients met our inclusion criteria. The combined overall effect sizes of CBASP versus other treatments or treatment as usual ( TAU ) pointed to a significant effect of small magnitude ( g = 0.34–0.44, P < 0.01). In particular, CBASP revealed moderate‐to‐high effect sizes when compared to TAU and interpersonal psychotherapy ( g = 0.64–0.75, P < 0.05), and showed similar effects when compared to antidepressant medication ( ADM ) ( g = −0.29 to 0.02, ns ). The combination of CBASP and ADM yielded benefits over antidepressant monotherapy ( g = 0.49–0.59, P < 0.05). Limitations: The small number of included studies, a certain degree of heterogeneity among the study designs and comparison conditions, and insufficient data evaluating long‐term effects of CBASP restrict generalizability yet. Conclusions: We conclude that there is supporting evidence that CBASP is effective in the treatment of chronic depression.
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Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CBASP in reducing symptoms of PDD.
“Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CBASP in reducing symptoms of PDD (Keller et al. 2000; Negt et al. 2016; Sabaß et al. 2018; Schramm et al. 2017).”
From Reciprocal Dynamics of Therapeutic Alliance and Depressive Symptoms in Inpatient Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy: The Role of Attachment Insecurity. (2025) · cites this paper as Negt et al. 2016
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“These findings support the effectiveness of CBASP as a treatment specifically developed for PDD (McCullough 1984) and align with previous research (Keller et al. 2000; Negt et al. 2016; Sabaß et al. 2018; Schramm et al. 2017).”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Negt, P., Brakemeier, E., Michalak, J., Winter, L., Bleich, S., & Kahl, K. G.
- Affiliations
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Berlin University of Psychology Berlin Germany
- Witten/Herdecke University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Negt, Philip
- Venue
- Brain and Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-05-03
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e00486-e00486
- ISSN
- 2157-9032 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-3279
- PMC
- PMC4864084
- OpenAlex
- W2346747292
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain and Behavior (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- chronic depression, CBASP, psychotherapy efficacy, interpersonal psychotherapy, antidepressants, combination therapy, treatment-resistant depression
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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