The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Glutamine and glutamate—their central role in cell metabolism and function
Abstract
Glucose is widely accepted as the primary nutrient for maintenance and promotion of cell function. However, we propose that the 5‐carbon amino acids, glutamine and glutamate, should be considered to be equally important for maintenance and promotion of cell function. The functions of glutamine are many and include: substrate for protein synthesis, anabolic precursor for muscle growth, acid–base balance in the kidney, substrate for ureogenesis in the liver, substrate for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, an oxidative fuel for intestine and cells of the immune system, inter‐organ nitrogen transport, precursor for neurotransmitter synthesis, precursor for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis and precursor for glutathione production. Many of these functions are connected to the formation of glutamate from glutamine. We propose that the unique properties regarding concentration and routes of metabolism of these amino acids allow them to be used for a diverse array of processes related to the specialized function of each of the glutamine utilizing cells. In this review we highlight the specialized aspects of glutamine/glutamate metabolism of different glutamine‐utilizing cells and in each case relate key aspects of metabolism to cell function. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mitochondrial function in normal and diabetic β-cells
Maechler, P., & Wollheim, C. B. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/414807a · Cited by 519
Association of the T-G Polymorphism in Adiponectin (Exon 2) With Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity
Stumvoll, M., Tschritter, O., Fritsche, A., Staiger, H., Renn, W., Weisser, M., Machicao, F., & Häring, H. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.1.37 · Cited by 371
The growth response of mammalian cells in tissue culture to L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid
Eagle, H., Oyama, V. I., Levy, M., Horton, C. L., & Fleischman, R. (1956) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65826-0 · Cited by 354
Modification of immune responses to exercise by carbohydrate, glutamine and anti‐oxidant supplements
Gleeson, M., & Bishop, N. C. (2000) · Immunology & Cell Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-6-.x · Cited by 119
Cited by
Nitrogen Journey in Plants: From Uptake to Metabolism, Stress Response, and Microbe Interaction
Zayed, O., Hewedy, O. A., Abdelmoteleb, A., Ali, M., Youssef, M. S., Roumia, A. F., Seymour, D., & Yuan, Z.-C. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13101443 · Cited by 412
Keane, K. N., Cruzat, V. F., Carlessi, R., de Bittencourt, P. I. H., & Newsholme, P. (2015) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2015/181643 · Cited by 383
Self-citationSIRT5 regulation of ammonia-induced autophagy and mitophagy
Polletta, L., Vernucci, E., Carnevale, I., Arcangeli, T., Rotili, D., Palmerio, S., Steegborn, C., Nowak, T., Schutkowski, M., Pellegrini, L., et al. (2015) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1009778 · Cited by 350
mTOR signaling in cellular and organismal energetics
Albert, V., & Hall, M. N. (2015) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2014.12.001 · Cited by 304
Kung, H.-N., Marks, J. R., & Chi, J.-T. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002229 · Cited by 277
Gaetz, W., Bloy, L., Wang, D. J., Port, R. G., Blaskey, L., Levy, S. E., & Roberts, T. P. L. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.068 · Cited by 267
The Human SLC1A5 (ASCT2) Amino Acid Transporter: From Function to Structure and Role in Cell Biology
Scalise, M., Pochini, L., Console, L., Losso, M. A., & Indiveri, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2018.00096 · Cited by 265
Zdzisińska, B., Żurek, A., & Kandefer-Szerszeń, M. (2017) · Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis · doi:10.1007/s00005-016-0406-x · Cited by 221
Nucleotide metabolism, oncogene-induced senescence and cancer
Aird, K. M., & Zhang, R. (2015) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.017 · Cited by 166
Sappington, D. R., Siegel, E. R., Hiatt, G., Desai, A., Penney, R. B., Jamshidi-Parsian, A., Griffin, R. J., & Boysen, G. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.021 · Cited by 143
“While the effect of BPTES on cell proliferation has been reported previously [24,25] the fact that glutathione excretion was affected demonstrates for the first time the essential roles of glutamine and GLS-activity for glutathione synthesis and excretion.”
BackgroundGlutamine, gene expression, and cell function
Curi, R. (2007) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/2068 · Cited by 135
Self-citationMeyerhoff, D. J., Mon, A., Metzler, T., & Neylan, T. C. (2014) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.3654 · Cited by 133
Measuring splanchnic amino acid metabolism in vivo using stable isotopic tracers1,2
Stoll, B., & Burrin, D. G. (2006) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/2006.8413_supple60x · Cited by 132
Expression of Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in Ulcerative Colitis
Kim, J.-A., Choi, S.-C., Yun, K.-J., Kim, D.-K., Han, M.-K., Seo, G.-S., Yeom, J.-J., Kim, T.-H., Nah, Y.-H., & Lee, Y.-M. (2003) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/00054725-200307000-00002 · Cited by 96
Glutamine in neoplastic cells: Focus on the expression and roles of glutaminases
Szeliga, M., & Obara-Michlewska, M. (2009) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.01.008 · Cited by 76
Targeting endothelial metabolism for anti-angiogenesis therapy: A pharmacological perspective
Missiaen, R., Morales-Rodriguez, F., Eelen, G., & Carmeliet, P. (2017) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2017.01.001 · Cited by 58
Pugh, J. N., Sage, S., Hutson, M., Doran, D. A., Fleming, S. C., Highton, J., Morton, J. P., & Close, G. L. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3744-4 · Cited by 64
Kornecki, M., & Strube, J. (2018) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering5010025 · Cited by 61
Biphasic regulation of glutamine consumption by WNT during osteoblast differentiation
Shen, L., Sharma, D., Yu, Y., Long, F., & Karner, C. (2020) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.251645 · Cited by 61
Brown, P. M., Hutchison, J. D., & Crockett, J. C. (2011) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-011-9537-6 · Cited by 37
Oral L-Glutamine Pretreatment Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by 24-h Fasting in Mice
de Vasconcelos, D. A. A., Giesbertz, P., de Souza, D. R., Vitzel, K. F., Abreu, P., Marzuca-Nassr, G. N., Fortes, M. A. S., Murata, G. M., Hirabara, S. M., Curi, R., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.010 · Cited by 33
Effects of l-Alanyl-l-Glutamine Ingestion on One-Hour Run Performance
McCormack, W. P., Hoffman, J. R., Pruna, G. J., Jajtner, A. R., Townsend, J. R., Stout, J. R., Fragala, M. S., & Fukuda, D. H. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1009193 · Cited by 16
Hou, K.-L., Lin, S.-K., Kok, S.-H., Wang, H.-W., Lai, E. H.-H., Hong, C.-Y., Yang, H., Wang, J.-S., Lin, L.-D., & Chang, J. Z.-C. (2017) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.005 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Newsholme, P., Procopio, J., Lima, M. M. R., Pithon‐Curi, T. C., & Curi, R.
- Venue
- Cell Biochemistry and Function
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0263-6484 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0844
- OpenAlex
- W2123954892
- Cited by
- 701
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
