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Spindle neurons of the human anterior cingul. Ate cortex
Abstract
The human anterior cingulate cortex is distinguished by the presence of an unusual cell type, a large spindle neuron in layer Vb. This cell has been noted numerous times in the historical literature but has not been studied with modern neuroanatomic techniques. For instance, details regarding the neuronal class to which these cells belong and regarding their precise distribution along both ventrodorsal and anteroposterior axes of the cingulate gyrus are still lacking. In the present study, morphological features and the anatomic distribution of this cell type were studied using computer‐assisted mapping and immunocytochemical techniques. Spindle neurons are restricted to the subfields; of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's area 24), exhibiting a greater density in anterior portions of this area than in posterior portions, and tapering off in the transition zone between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, a majority of the spindle cells at any level is located in subarea 24b on the gyral surface. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the neurofilament protein triplet was present in a large percentage of these neurons and that they did not contain calcium‐binding proteins. Injections of the carbocyanine dye DiI into the cingulum bundle revealed that these cells are projection neurons. Finally, spindle cells were consistently affected in Alzheimer's disease cases, with an overall loss of about 60%. Taken together, these observations indicate that the spindle cells of the human cingulate cortex represent a morphological subpopulation of pyramidal neurons whose restricted distribution may be associated with functionally distinct areas.
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“a particular population of distinct neurons, the von Economo neurons (VENs), present almost exclusively in the frontoinsular (FI) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) have been found to be consistently affected in ASD [4, 104, 256, 258].”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [258]
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“most abundant in humans and are found primarily in layer Vb in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; Nimchinsky et al., 1995) and in the junction of the posterior orbitofrontal cor-”
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Nimchinsky, E. A., Vogt, B. A., Morrison, J. H., & Hof, P. R.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hof, Patrick R.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-04-24
- Volume
- 355
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-37
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W2167126765
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag011480-03, 5p01mh045212-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 05138, AG11480, P50AG005138)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 45212)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Classical Anatomy and Histology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- anterior cingulate cortex, pyramidal neurons, projection neurons, cingulum, Alzheimer's disease, neuronal loss
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain Mapping, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Middle Aged, Pyramidal Cells
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