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Spindle neurons of the human anterior cingul. Ate cortex
Abstract
The human anterior cingulate cortex is distinguished by the presence of an unusual cell type, a large spindle neuron in layer Vb. This cell has been noted numerous times in the historical literature but has not been studied with modern neuroanatomic techniques. For instance, details regarding the neuronal class to which these cells belong and regarding their precise distribution along both ventrodorsal and anteroposterior axes of the cingulate gyrus are still lacking. In the present study, morphological features and the anatomic distribution of this cell type were studied using computer‐assisted mapping and immunocytochemical techniques. Spindle neurons are restricted to the subfields; of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's area 24), exhibiting a greater density in anterior portions of this area than in posterior portions, and tapering off in the transition zone between anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, a majority of the spindle cells at any level is located in subarea 24b on the gyral surface. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the neurofilament protein triplet was present in a large percentage of these neurons and that they did not contain calcium‐binding proteins. Injections of the carbocyanine dye DiI into the cingulum bundle revealed that these cells are projection neurons. Finally, spindle cells were consistently affected in Alzheimer's disease cases, with an overall loss of about 60%. Taken together, these observations indicate that the spindle cells of the human cingulate cortex represent a morphological subpopulation of pyramidal neurons whose restricted distribution may be associated with functionally distinct areas.
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“a particular population of distinct neurons, the von Economo neurons (VENs), present almost exclusively in the frontoinsular (FI) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) have been found to be consistently affected in ASD [4, 104, 256, 258].”
From Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models (2017) · cites this paper as [258]
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Self-citationBersani, F. S., Minichino, A., Fojanesi, M., Gallo, M., Maglio, G., Valeriani, G., Biondi, M., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 60
Practical approaches to stereology in the setting of aging- and disease-related brain banks
Perl, D. P., Good, P. F., Bussière, T., Morrison, J. H., ERWIN, J. M., & Hof, P. R. (2000) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/s0891-0618(00)00077-6 · Cited by 61
Self-citationFan, J., Dam, N. T. V., Gu, X., Liu, X., Wang, H., Tang, C. Y., & Hof, P. R. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00554 · Cited by 60
Self-citationRaghanti, M. A., Spurlock, L. B., Treichler, F. R., Weigel, S. E., Stimmelmayr, R., Butti, C., Thewissen, J. G. M., & Hof, P. R. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0792-y · Cited by 58
Self-citationHof, P. R., Nimchinsky, E. A., Perl, D. P., & ERWIN, J. M. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01964-4 · Cited by 57
Self-citationNeural tract tracing using Di-I: a review and a new method to make fast Di-I faster in human brain
Sparks, D. L., Lue, L., Martin, T. A., & Rogers, J. G. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00291-0 · Cited by 56
No reduction of spindle neuron number in frontoinsular cortex in autism
Kennedy, D. P., Semendeferi, K., & Courchesne, E. (2007) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.01.007 · Cited by 55
Fathy, Y. Y., Jonker, A. J., Oudejans, E., de Jong, F. J. J., van Dam, A., Rozemüller, A. J. M., & van de Berg, W. D. J. (2018) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12501 · Cited by 54
Vogt, B. A., Vogt, L. J., & Hof, P. R. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012547626-3/50025-9 · Cited by 54
Self-citationNeuroanatomical Correlates of Suicide in Psychosis: The Possible Role of von Economo Neurons
Brüne, M., Schöbel, A., Karau, R., Faustmann, P. M., Dermietzel, R., Juckel, G., & Petrasch‐Parwez, E. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020936 · Cited by 53
Neuropathology of the Anterior Midcingulate Cortex in Young Children With Autism
Uppal, N., Wicinski, B., Buxbaum, J. D., Heinsen, H., Schmitz, C., & Hof, P. R. (2014) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0000000000000108 · Cited by 52
Self-citationThe von economo neurons in apes and humans
Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., & Park, S. (2010) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.21136 · Cited by 54
Hof, P. R., Rosenthal, R. E., & Fiskum, G. M. (1996) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/0891-0618(96)00117-2 · Cited by 52
Self-citationPasquini, L., Nana, A. L., Toller, G., Brown, J. A., Deng, J., Staffaroni, A. M., Kim, E. J., Hwang, J., Li, L., Park, Y., et al. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa119 · Cited by 51
Hof, P., & Sherwood, C. (2005) · Anatomical Record Part A-discoveries in Molecular Cellular and Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1002/ar.a.20252 · Cited by 55
Self-citationEvolutionary appearance of von Economo’s neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex
Cauda, F., Geminiani, G. C., & Vercelli, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00104 · Cited by 53
Von Economo Neurons and Fork Cells: A Neurochemical Signature Linked to Monoaminergic Function
Dijkstra, A. A., Lin, L., Nana, A. L., Gaus, S. E., & Seeley, W. W. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw358 · Cited by 50
Aging, grey matter, and blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex
Vaidya, J. G., Paradiso, S., Ponto, L. L. B., McCormick, L. M., & Robinson, R. G. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.06.015 · Cited by 55
Hof, P. R., Bogaert, Y. E., Rosenthal, R. E., & Fiskum, G. M. (1996) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/0891-0618(96)00126-3 · Cited by 48
Self-citationButti, C., Raghanti, M. A., Sherwood, C. C., & Hof, P. R. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05980.x · Cited by 48
Self-citationNeurofilament protein distribution in the macaque monkey dorsolateral premotor cortex
Geyer, S., Zilles, K., Luppino, G., & Matelli, M. (2000) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00042.x · Cited by 50
Butti, C., Fordyce, R. E., Raghanti, M. A., Gu, X., Bonar, C. J., Wicinski, B. A., Wong, E. W., Roman, J., Brake, A., Eaves, E. L., et al. (2014) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.22875 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Nimchinsky, E. A., Vogt, B. A., Morrison, J. H., & Hof, P. R.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hof, Patrick R.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-04-24
- Volume
- 355
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-37
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W2167126765
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag011480-03, 5p01mh045212-05)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 05138, AG11480, P50AG005138)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 45212)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Classical Anatomy and Histology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- anterior cingulate cortex, pyramidal neurons, projection neurons, cingulum, Alzheimer's disease, neuronal loss
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain Mapping, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Middle Aged, Pyramidal Cells
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